Evaluation of ultrafiltrated dairy by-products as fat replacers in the production of reduced fat washed curd cheese

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Raquel Borges ◽  
Arona Figueiroa Pires ◽  
Natalí Garcia Marnotes ◽  
David Gama Gomes ◽  
Marta Fernandes Henriques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Fat Replacers ◽  
Reduced Fat ◽  
Specific Composition ◽  
By Products ◽  
Small Scale Dairy

Abstract In the present study different dairy by-products were used as ingredients in the production of reduced-fat (RF) washed curd cheeses. Whey, buttermilk and sheep’s second cheese whey, previously concentrated y ultrafiltration (UF), were used envisaging the improvement of texture and flavour of the RF cheeses. UF concentration, is a technique that can be easily available to small scale dairy plants, allowing for the recovery of those dairy by-products. Conventional full-fat (FF) cheeses presented more than 45% fat (d/b) while RF cheeses presented values in the range 20-30%, being in most cases classified as low-fat cheeses according to national standards. The ratio protein in dry matter/fat in dry matter was lower than 1 in FF cheeses and in the range 1.8-2.7 in RF cheeses. The paste of FF cheeses presented a more pronounced yellow colour at the 60th and 90th days of ripening, indicating that fat plays a major role regarding this parameter. The different by-products showed different performances when added to milk used in the production of cheeses. After the 60th day of ripening, FF cheeses and RF cheeses with added buttermilk presented lower values for the hardness of the paste (5.0-7.5 N) when compared to the remaining cheeses. At the end of ripening, chewiness of the paste was also significantly lower in these cheeses. RF cheeses with 5% incorporation of UF concentrated buttermilk presented the best results both concerning texture and sensory evaluation. This fact can be related to the specific composition of buttermilk, namely to its richness in phospholipids.

scholarly journals Dairy by-Products Concentrated by Ultrafiltration Used as Ingredients in the Production of Reduced Fat Washed Curd Cheese

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Raquel Borges ◽  
Arona Figueiroa Pires ◽  
Natalí Garcia Marnotes ◽  
David Gama Gomes ◽  
Marta Fernandes Henriques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Reduced Fat ◽  
Texture Parameters ◽  
By Products ◽  
Cheese Production

In the following study, three different dairy by-products, previously concentrated by ultrafiltration (UF), were used as ingredients in the production of reduced-fat (RF) washed curd cheeses in order to improve their characteristics. Conventional full-fat (FF) cheeses (45% fat, dry basis (db)) and RF cheeses (20–30% fat, db) were compared to RF cheeses produced with the incorporation of 5% concentrated whey (RF + CW), buttermilk (RF + CB) or sheep second cheese whey (RF + CS). Protein-to-fat ratios were lower than 1 in the FF cheeses, while RF cheeses ranged from 1.8 to 2.8. The tested by-products performed differently when added to the milk used for cheese production. The FF cheese showed a more pronounced yellow colour after 60 and 90 days of ripening, indicating that fat plays an important role regarding this parameter. As far as the texture parameters are concerned, after 60 days of ripening, RF cheeses with buttermilk presented similar results to FF cheeses for hardness (5.0–7.5 N) and chewiness (ca. 400). These were lower than the ones recorded for RF cheeses with added UF concentrated whey (RF + CW) and second cheese whey (RF + CS), which presented lower adhesiveness values. RF cheeses with 5% incorporation of buttermilk concentrated by UF presented the best results concerning both texture and sensory evaluation.

scholarly journals Development of productive and reproductive potential of pregnant Red Chittagong cows through improved feeding in small scale dairy farm

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
M Asaduzzaman ◽  
MR Amin ◽  
NR Sarkar ◽  
KS Huque
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Small Scale Dairy

The aim of the experiment was to investigate the productive and reproductive potential of pregnant Red Chittagong (RC) cows through improved feeding. A total of 30 pregnant RC cows from each of 30 farmers having six months pregnancy and between 2 and 3 parities old were used in the trial. The cows were randomly allocated to three dietary treatment groups, i.e., T0, T1 and T2. The cows of T0 group received farmers’ diet (63% of dry matter intake of cows according to ARC, 1995) without the supplementation and  served as control. The cows of T1 group received farmer’s diet (63%) plus 25% supplementation of formulated concentrate diet for deficit of requirement of cows {(63 + 9.25) = 72.25% dry matter intake of cows according to ARC, 1995)} and T2 group received farmers diet (63%) plus formulated concentrate diet to meet 100% requirements of cows according to ARC (1995) {(63% +37%) = 100%}. The total live weight gain before calving of RC cows were observed significantly (P <0.05) higher in T2 and T1 groups than T0 group. The calves birth weight was found significantly (P <0.05) higher in T2group than T1 and T0 groups. The gestation length was increased approximately 3 and 2 days for T2 and T1 groups, respectively, compared to T0 group. Therefore, the farmer’s diet plus supplementation of formulated concentrate diet to meet 100% requirement of cows according to ARC (1995) {(63% +37%) = 100%} was a better improved feeding system of pregnant Red Chittagong cows. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2019. 48 (1):42-47

Appraisal and Monitoring of Small-Scale Dairy Goat Production System

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-188
Author(s):  
Y. Mena ◽  
F.A. Ruiz ◽  
R. Gutiérrez ◽  
J.M. Castel
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Scale Dairy

Grazed pasture parameters. I. Pasture dry-matter production and availability in a stocking rate and grazing management experiment with dairy cows

1966 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Matter Production

1. Net pasture dry matter production and available pasture dry matter were measured over 3 years in a small-scale replica of the study of the effects of dairy cow grazing management and stocking rate reported by McMeekan & Walshe (1963).2. The four treatments were(i) Controlled rotational grazing, light stocking rate (0.95 cows/acre).(ii) Controlled rotational grazing, heavy stocking rate (1.19 cows/acre).(iii) Uncontrolled, set stocked grazing, light stocking rate (0.95 cows/acre).(iv) Uncontrolled, set stocked grazing, heavy stocking rate (1.19 cows/acre).3. The pasture measurement technique employed measured net pasture production (gains through new growth minus losses from all sources). It is argued that this parameter, rather than absolute pasture production, governs the changes in the dry matter feed supply to the grazing animal.

scholarly journals Deciphering Substrate-Specific Methane Yields of Perennial Herbaceous Wild Plant Species

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Moritz von Cossel ◽  
Lorena Agra Pereira ◽  
Iris Lewandowski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Wild Plant Species ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Bioenergy Cropping Systems

The global demand for plant biomass to provide bioenergy and heat is continuously increasing because of a growing interest among many industrialized and developing countries towards climate sound and renewable energy supply. The exacerbation of land-use conflicts proliferates social-ecological demands on future bioenergy cropping systems. Perennial herbaceous wild plant mixtures (WPMs) represent an approach to providing social-ecologically more sustainably produced biogas substrate that has gained increasing public and political interest only in recent years. The focus of this study lies on three perennial wild plant species (WPS) that usually dominate the biomass yield performance of WPM cultivation. These WPS were compared with established biogas crops in terms of their substrate-specific methane yield (SMY) and lignocellulosic composition. The plant samples were investigated in a small-scale mesophilic discontinuous biogas batch test for determining the SMY. All WPS were found to have significantly lower SMY (241.5–248.5 lN kgVS−1) than maize (337.5 lN kgVS−1). This was attributed to higher contents of lignin (9.7–12.8% of dry matter) as well as lower contents of hemicellulose (9.9–11.5% of dry matter) in the WPS. Only minor, non-significant differences to cup plant and Virginia mallow were observed. Thus, when planning WPS as a diversification measure in biogas cropping systems, their lower SMY should be considered.

Use of information and communication technologies in small-scale dairy production systems in central Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-779
Author(s):  
Juan de Dios García-Villegas ◽  
Anastacio García-Martínez ◽  
Carlos Manuel Arriaga-Jordán ◽  
Monica Elizama Ruiz-Torres ◽  
Adolfo Armando Rayas-Amor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Small Scale Dairy

AbstractThe objective of the study was to characterize small-scale dairy production systems to identify the technological preferences according to the farmer and farm characteristics and to analyze the importance and role of the information communication technologies (ICTs) in the dissemination of information related to management and livestock activities. To collect the data, a survey was applied to 170 small-scale dairy farmers from central Mexico. To characterize the farms, a factor analysis (FA) and cluster analysis (CA) were performed. To compare and identify differences between groups, a Kruskal–Wallis test was conducted. Four factors that explain 70.93% of the accumulated variance were identified; these factors explain the use of technology, production characteristics, social connections, and use of ICTs. The cluster analysis identified four groups. Group 1 was integrated by farmers with more experience and the largest farms. Group 2 had higher studies and use of ICTs. Group 3 was formed by young farmers but had a low use of technology. Group 4 contained older farmers with a low use of technology. The young farmers with higher studies have begun to incorporate ICTs into their daily activities on the farm, as observed in Group 2. Smartphones were the most used and were considered important by the farmers of the four groups, since they enable interaction with other farmers and the dissemination of topics of interest related with the farm. In conclusion, four group of farmers were differentiated; therefore, different extension approaches should be implemented to take into account the preferences and the technologies considered most important for each group. The ICTs are emerging technologies among small-scale dairy farmers to communicate information related to livestock management, mainly by young farmers with studies of secondary, as observed in Group 2.

Cost analysis and economic optimization of small-scale dairy production systems in Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 104028
Author(s):  
Jesús Armando Salinas-Martínez ◽  
Rodolfo Rogelio Posadas-Domínguez ◽  
Leydi Diana Morales-Díaz ◽  
Samuel Rebollar-Rebollar ◽  
Rolando Rojo-Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Small Scale Dairy

Genetic diversity and population structure of Escherichia coli from neighboring small-scale dairy farms

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Andrei Rosales-Castillo ◽  
Ma. Soledad Vázquez-Garcidueñas ◽  
Hugo Álvarez-Hernández ◽  
Omar Chassin-Noria ◽  
Alba Irene Varela-Murillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Scale Dairy

Performance of the house cricket (Acheta domesticus) on by-product diets in small-scale production

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
J.M. Sorjonen ◽  
M. Karhapää ◽  
S. Holm ◽  
A. Valtonen ◽  
H. Roininen
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
By Products

As insect farming is becoming more popular in Europe and in the US, the use of food industry by-products in insects’ feed is drawing more attention. However, it is still unclear how to maximise the use of by-products in the feeds while meeting the nutritional requirements and maintaining profitable rearing yields with the current production technology. In this study, we conducted an experiment in Finnish small-scale cricket farming and laboratory conditions to determine whether five diet treatments, including by-product diets with barley mash and turnip rape, modify the overall fresh yield (kg), development time and feed conversion rate of the house crickets (Acheta domesticus). We discovered that the diets differed in the overall fresh cricket yield (kg) but not in the development time or the feed conversion rate of the crickets. The diets with a high proportion of by-product decreased the price of the feed but at the same time reduced the yield. Based on our results, complex by-product diets with the by-product proportion of 20-41% are the most suitable for house cricket rearing.

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