scholarly journals Study on the Distribution and Source of Multidrug-resistant Organisms Infection in Non-ICU Departments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanjie Li ◽  
Xing Wu ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Wei-hong Zhang ◽  
Su-ming Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospital Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Organisms ◽  
Hospital Transfer ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Abstract Objective: To analyze the distribution and source of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) infection in non-ICU departments, and provide basis for accurate prevention and control measures of MDRO. Methods: A total of 1116 MDRO infection strains isolated from 802 patients with MDRO infection in the non-ICU departments of The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical Universityl from October 2017 to September 2019 were selected as subjects. According to the source, MDRO was divided into two types and four groups: out-of-hospital infection (transferred from outside hospital and community-acquired) and nosocomial infection (transferred from our hospital and department-acquired). Results: The major MDRO infections in non-ICU departments were CRE (34.41%) and MRSA (29.66%). There were significant differences in the composition of MDRO infection among different departments (χ2 = 185.687, P < 0.001). The departments with the most MDRO infection were geriatric medicine (13.17%), neurosurgery (10.04%), and rehabilitation medicine (8.51%). The detection rates of CRE, MRSA, CRAB, and CRPA were 10.69%, 43.83%, 33.72%, and 27.11%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of CRE, MRSA, CRAB, and CRPA in the departments of the whole hospital (25.35%, 51.48%, 79.15%, 46.99%), and the differences were statistically significant (χ2 = 584.309, 15.583, 960.632, 203.726; all P < 0.001). There were significant differences in the detection rates of four kinds of MDRO among different non-ICU departments (χ2 = 190.766, 97.642, 75.078, 69.515; all P <0.001). The most common sites of MDRO infection were lower respiratory tract (48.39%), surgical site (11.83%), and urinary tract (11.02%). There were 641 cases of out-of-hospital infection (57.44%), including out-of-hospital transfer (33.42%) and community-acquire (24.01%), and 475 cases of nosocomial infection (42.56%), including our hospital transfer (4.66%) and department-acquire (37.90%). The composition of MDRO source was different among non-ICU departments. Conclusion: Nearly 2/3 of MDRO infection in non-ICU departments came from out-of-hospital input and in-hospital transfer. The implementation of basic infection control measures and early identification through information system need be noticed. The distribution and source of MDRO infection varied in different departments, and targeted prevention and control measures should be made according to its characteristics to achieve accurate prevention and control.

scholarly journals Changes in Prevalence of Nosocomial Infection Pre- and Post-COVID-19 pandemic from a Tertiary Hospital in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmei Su ◽  
Zhiqin Zhang ◽  
Xu Zhao ◽  
Hanlin Peng ◽  
Yi Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Nosocomial infections (NIs) are an important cause of mortality, and increasing evidence reveals that the prevalence of NIs can be reduced through effective prevention and control measures. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the prevention and control measures for the COVID-19 pandemic on NIs.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the prevalence of NIs before and after COVID-19 pandemic for six months in the Children’s Hospital of Soochow University.Results: A total of 39,914 patients in 2019 and 34,645 patients in 2020 were admitted to the hospital during the study. There were 1.39% (481/34645) of patients with NIs in 2020, which was significantly lower than the 2.56% (1021/39914) of patients in 2019. The rate of critical and fatal cases was also decreased. Except for the ICU, the prevalence of nosocomial infection in most departments decreased from 2019 to 2020. Regarding the source of infections, a significant reduction was mainly observed in respiratory (0.99% vs 0.42%, p=0.000) and digestive tract (0.63% vs 0.14%, p=0.000). The microorganism analysis of respiratory infections indicated an obvious decline in acinetobacters and fungi. The most significant decline of pathogens in gastrointestinal infections was observed for rotavirus. The comparison of catheter-related nosocomial infections between 2019 and 2020 did not show significant differences. Conclusions: The prevention and control measures for the COVID-19 pandemic have reduced the nosocomial infection in almost all departments, except the ICU, mainly regarding respiratory, gastrointestinal, and oral infections, while catheter-related infections did not show any differences.

The management of NDM-β-lactamase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in Tuscany

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ninci ◽  
M Grazzini ◽  
D Paolini ◽  
F Niccolini ◽  
M T Mechi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Rectal Swab ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Outbreak Management ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Organisms ◽  
And Control

Abstract Issue An important outbreak of New Delhi metallo-β-beta-lactamase (NDM)-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) has been reported from north-western of Tuscany since November 2018. NDM is a metallo-β-lactamase able to hydrolyze most β-lactames (including carbapenems) with limited treatment options. Description of the Problem From November 2018 to May 2019, 7 Tuscan hospitals notified a total of 350 infected or colonized cases. This outbreak was described in a risk assessment edited by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) in June 2019. The Ministry of Health and the Tuscany Region promptly adopted infection prevention control measures. Results Since July 2019, a regional task force, composed by experts in infectivology, microbiology and public health, coordinated the following actions: Publication of Regional Resolutions which have established practical guidelines for the outbreak management. These measures included:(I) the introduction of screening test for CRE by rectal swab for hospitalized patients; (II) the implementation of microbiological rapid molecular tests and genotyping of rectal swab; (III) the enhancement of standard and transmission-based precautions; (iv) the strengthening of handover between hospital setting and primary healthcare; (v) the implementation of a regional data-base for outbreak surveillance.Monthly regional meetings with the infection control teams of each hospital.Site visits (n. 44) performed by a group of experts in all healthcare facilities. After the implementation of these measures, a trend for decrease in positive blood cultures of NDM was registered. Lessons The spread of NDM in Tuscany has been the opportunity to standardize and improve the approach to Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs) prevention and control. Key messages The spread of NDM in Tuscany has been the opportunity to standardize and improve the approach to Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs) prevention and control. The cooperation among stakeholders and the standardization of precaution measures and healthcare workers’ behavior allows to effectively face the MDROs diffusion.

scholarly journals Research progress on influencing factors of hospital infection and prevention and control measures

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Wenlong He ◽  
Lingbo Meng ◽  
Yaogang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Hospital Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Hospital Infections ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Abstract Hospital infections are associated with the emergence of hospitals. As the understanding of hospital infections deepen and prevention and control measures improve, hospital infections have become manageable. In recent years, affected by the increase in invasive treatment technology, antimicrobial abuse, and other factors, the control of hospital infection has encountered new problems. This paper reviews the influencing factors of hospital infections and their prevention and control measures.

scholarly journals Changes in prevalence of nosocomial infection pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic from a tertiary Hospital in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmei Su ◽  
Zhiqin Zhang ◽  
Xu Zhao ◽  
Hanlin Peng ◽  
Yi Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Nosocomial infections (NIs) are an important cause of mortality, and increasing evidence reveals that the prevalence of NIs can be reduced through effective prevention and control measures. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the prevention and control measures for the COVID-19 pandemic on NIs. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the prevalence of NIs before and after COVID-19 pandemic for 6 months in the Children’s Hospital of Soochow University. Results A total of 39,914 patients in 2019 and 34,645 patients in 2020 were admitted to the hospital during the study. There were 1.39% (481/34645) of patients with NIs in 2020, which was significantly lower than the 2.56% (1021/39914) of patients in 2019. The rate of critical and fatal cases was also decreased. In addition, the rate of appropriate handwashing, the number of protective gloves and aprons used per person and the number of healthcare staff per patients were significantly increased. Except for the ICU, the prevalence of nosocomial infection in most departments decreased from 2019 to 2020. Regarding the source of infections, a significant reduction was mainly observed in respiratory (0.99% vs 0.42%, p = 0.000) and digestive tract (0.63% vs 0.14%, p = 0.000). The microorganism analysis of respiratory infections indicated an obvious decline in acinetobacters and fungi. The most significant decline of pathogens in gastrointestinal infections was observed for rotavirus. The comparison of catheter-related nosocomial infections between 2019 and 2020 did not show significant differences. Conclusions The prevention and control measures for the COVID-19 pandemic have reduced the nosocomial infection in almost all departments, except the ICU, mainly regarding respiratory, gastrointestinal, and oral infections, while catheter-related infections did not show any differences.

scholarly journals A review of COVID-19: A summary of the epidemic in Wuhan and other local areas in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 03099
Author(s):  
Kaiyin Hu ◽  
Yichao Su ◽  
Jiaqi Wang ◽  
Yuzhe Xu
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Bright Future ◽  
The World ◽  
Local Areas ◽  
Fundamental Systems ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Information

COVID-19 is a new kind of coronavirus that was found in 2019 and it has swept the world until now. Reviewing it and discovering the problem is what we must do. In this scenario, the influence of COVID-19 on the world, and especially in China since it is the country where COVID-19 first outbreak, has been thoroughly reviewed. The main point of this paper is to identify the epidemiological information of COVID-19 and to review typical cities that are most influenced by COVID-19, such as Wuhan, Dalian, and Shijiazhuang. Moreover, discovering and comparing the characteristics and regulations according to different periods have also been carefully performed. With the understanding of the infection of COVID-19, the bright future in which prevention and control measures of nosocomial infection are improved is surely within reach. Furthermore, the psychological construction and management in fundamental systems require more attention.

scholarly journals Time Distributions of Common Respiratory Pathogens Under the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 Among Children in Xiamen, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhui Wang ◽  
Tiantian Xiao ◽  
Feifan Xiao ◽  
Shaoxian Hong ◽  
Shunqin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Objectives: The aim of this study was to observe the effect of COVID-19 prevention and control measures on the transmission of common respiratory viruses in a pediatric population.Methods: This was a retrospective observational study. The study population was selected from children with respiratory diseases who attended Xiamen Children's Hospital from January 1, 2018 to January 31, 2021. All children were screened for influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, and Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The changes in respiratory virus detection rates before and after the SARS-CoV-2 intervention were analyzed using an interrupted time-series model. Polynomial curve fitting was also used to predict future short-term trends in respiratory virus detection.Results: A total of 56,859 children were seen at Xiamen Children's Hospital from January 1, 2018 to Jan 31, 2021, of which 32,120 were tested for respiratory viruses via pharyngeal swabs. The overall positive detection rates of the four respiratory viral infections decreased significantly (P = 0.0017) after the implementation of the quarantine and school suspension measures in January 2020. Among them, the detection rate of RSV decreased most significantly (P = 0.008), and although there was no statistically significant difference in the detection rates of the influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, and adenovirus, a downward trend in the graph was observed. The positive detection rates of RSV in the 0–1-, 1–3-, and 3–7-year-old groups all decreased significantly (P = 0.035, 0.016, and 0.038, respectively). The change in the positive detection rate of RSV was relatively stable in the 7–18-year-old group. A total of 10,496 samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2, and no positive cases were reported.Conclusions: The combination of preventive and control measures for COVID-19 reduced the detection rate of four common respiratory viruses, with the greatest impact on RSV. If prevention and control measures continue to be maintained, the overall detection rate or absolute number of detections for the four respiratory viruses will remain low in the short term. However, this trend is likely to vary with the changes in measures.

Knowledge and Awareness of Dengue Fever

2018 ◽  
pp. 219-222
Author(s):  
Y. Arockia Suganthi ◽  
Chitra K. ◽  
J. Magelin Mary
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
Standard Guideline ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Dengue Prevention ◽  
And Control

Dengue fever is a painful mosquito-borne infection caused by different types of virus in various localities of the world. There is no particular medicine or vaccine to treat person suffering from dengue fever. Dengue viruses are transmitted by the bite of female Aedes (Ae) mosquitoes. Dengue fever viruses are mainly transmitted by Aedes which can be active in tropical or subtropical climates. Aedes Aegypti is the key step to avoid infection transmission to save millions of people in all over the world. This paper provides a standard guideline in the planning of dengue prevention and control measures. At the same time gives the priorities including clinical management and hospitalized dengue patients have to address essentially.

An evaluation model of 2019-nCoV prevention effectiveness based on immigration data in China (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiangsheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Related Data ◽  
The Face ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Best Fit

BACKGROUND As of the end of February 2020, 2019-nCoV is currently well controlled in China. However, the virus is now spreading globally. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of outbreak prevention and control measures in a region. METHODS A model is built for find the best fit for two sets of data (the number of daily new diagnosed, and the risk value of incoming immigration population). The parameters (offset and time window) in the model can be used as the evaluation of effectiveness of outbreak prevention and control. RESULTS Through study, it is found that the parameter offset and time window in the model can accurately reflect the prevention effectiveness. Some related data and public news confirm this result. And this method has advantages over the method using R0 in two aspects. CONCLUSIONS If the epidemic situation is well controlled, the virus is not terrible. Now the daily new diagnosed patients in most regions of China is quickly reduced to zero or close to zero. Chinese can do a good job in the face of huge epidemic pressure. Therefore, if other countries can do well in prevention and control, the epidemic in those places can also pass quickly.

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