scholarly journals A review of COVID-19: A summary of the epidemic in Wuhan and other local areas in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 03099
Author(s):  
Kaiyin Hu ◽  
Yichao Su ◽  
Jiaqi Wang ◽  
Yuzhe Xu
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Bright Future ◽  
The World ◽  
Local Areas ◽  
Fundamental Systems ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Information

COVID-19 is a new kind of coronavirus that was found in 2019 and it has swept the world until now. Reviewing it and discovering the problem is what we must do. In this scenario, the influence of COVID-19 on the world, and especially in China since it is the country where COVID-19 first outbreak, has been thoroughly reviewed. The main point of this paper is to identify the epidemiological information of COVID-19 and to review typical cities that are most influenced by COVID-19, such as Wuhan, Dalian, and Shijiazhuang. Moreover, discovering and comparing the characteristics and regulations according to different periods have also been carefully performed. With the understanding of the infection of COVID-19, the bright future in which prevention and control measures of nosocomial infection are improved is surely within reach. Furthermore, the psychological construction and management in fundamental systems require more attention.

Knowledge and Awareness of Dengue Fever

2018 ◽  
pp. 219-222
Author(s):  
Y. Arockia Suganthi ◽  
Chitra K. ◽  
J. Magelin Mary
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
Standard Guideline ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Dengue Prevention ◽  
And Control

Dengue fever is a painful mosquito-borne infection caused by different types of virus in various localities of the world. There is no particular medicine or vaccine to treat person suffering from dengue fever. Dengue viruses are transmitted by the bite of female Aedes (Ae) mosquitoes. Dengue fever viruses are mainly transmitted by Aedes which can be active in tropical or subtropical climates. Aedes Aegypti is the key step to avoid infection transmission to save millions of people in all over the world. This paper provides a standard guideline in the planning of dengue prevention and control measures. At the same time gives the priorities including clinical management and hospitalized dengue patients have to address essentially.

scholarly journals Changes in Prevalence of Nosocomial Infection Pre- and Post-COVID-19 pandemic from a Tertiary Hospital in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmei Su ◽  
Zhiqin Zhang ◽  
Xu Zhao ◽  
Hanlin Peng ◽  
Yi Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Nosocomial infections (NIs) are an important cause of mortality, and increasing evidence reveals that the prevalence of NIs can be reduced through effective prevention and control measures. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the prevention and control measures for the COVID-19 pandemic on NIs.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the prevalence of NIs before and after COVID-19 pandemic for six months in the Children’s Hospital of Soochow University.Results: A total of 39,914 patients in 2019 and 34,645 patients in 2020 were admitted to the hospital during the study. There were 1.39% (481/34645) of patients with NIs in 2020, which was significantly lower than the 2.56% (1021/39914) of patients in 2019. The rate of critical and fatal cases was also decreased. Except for the ICU, the prevalence of nosocomial infection in most departments decreased from 2019 to 2020. Regarding the source of infections, a significant reduction was mainly observed in respiratory (0.99% vs 0.42%, p=0.000) and digestive tract (0.63% vs 0.14%, p=0.000). The microorganism analysis of respiratory infections indicated an obvious decline in acinetobacters and fungi. The most significant decline of pathogens in gastrointestinal infections was observed for rotavirus. The comparison of catheter-related nosocomial infections between 2019 and 2020 did not show significant differences. Conclusions: The prevention and control measures for the COVID-19 pandemic have reduced the nosocomial infection in almost all departments, except the ICU, mainly regarding respiratory, gastrointestinal, and oral infections, while catheter-related infections did not show any differences.

scholarly journals Atmospheric Relative Humidity Can Increase the Spread of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Zheng ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Hongbin Wang ◽  
Wenjing Gui
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Atmospheric Relative Humidity ◽  
Increasing Risk ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Abstract COVID-19 has been spreading around the world since the end of 2019, and there is no sign of a slowdown. Previous studies on seasonality of similar infectious diseases have hinted that meteorological factors may influence COVID-19 outbreaks as well1. Here we show, based on data collected in 132 cities of China, that relative humidity, as an essential meteorological indicator, is positively correlated with the growth rate of incidence of COVID-19, which contradicts previous research findings. Our result suggests an increasing risk of COVID-19 cases as summer and rain seasons arrive in many places of the world. They also help countries and regions to formulate pandemic prevention and control measures and policies according to local meteorological characteristics.

scholarly journals Repercussions of the COVID-19 Health Crisis In the Peruvian Informal Sector

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Vilma Andia-Choquepuma ◽  
Daniza Juana Leon-Escobedo ◽  
Himer Avila-George ◽  
orge Sánchez-Garcés ◽  
Ruth Elizabeth Villafuerte-Alcántara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

After the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of Coronavirus (COVID-19) a pandemic, the Peruvian government took preventive measures to counteract the spread of the virus by issuing Supreme Decree No. 008-2020-SA. This decree contains prevention and control measures aimed at ports, airports, land entry points, educational centers, transportation and workplaces.

scholarly journals Improving COVID-19 response: redirecting risk communication efforts towards equity issues

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Yisel Hernández Barrios ◽  
Luis Fonte Galindo ◽  
María del Carmen Zabala Argüelles ◽  
Dennis Pérez Chacón
Keyword(s):  
Health Problem ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Equity Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is, to date, the health problem with the highest impact in the 21st century. The World Health Organization has recommended several prevention and control measures to deal with this pandemic. In this context, social communication plays a key role. In this article we argue that the potential of communication efforts to close the gaps in the COVID-19 response worldwide won´t be fully accomplished until they do address equity-related issues.

scholarly journals Analysis on Economic Growth under Different Prevention and Control Measures of Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 01060
Author(s):  
Wenyi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

By the end of 2019 a novel kind of coronavirus which can infect human and trigger pneumonia is found in Wuhan City, China. The contagious virus rendered itself highly dangerous to attack human’s immune system, and humans have to suspend their daily routine to derail the spread of this virus, named Covid-19 by WHO. It has upended the world, especially when people cannot go out to work and spend to create economic value in awe of contagion, leading to a nosedive taken by economic growth, and the healthy crisis transferred into an economic crisis. To control over the spread of virus and save economy, governments took many measures, but the effect varies from country to country. This article aims to find the liaison between the how fast and deep the governments are to fight against Covid-19 and how that relates to their recovery of economic growth, taking China and USA as typical examples, and draw the conclusion that the speed and depth the control taken over Covid-19 features a positive correlation with the recovery of economic growth.

scholarly journals Changes in prevalence of nosocomial infection pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic from a tertiary Hospital in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmei Su ◽  
Zhiqin Zhang ◽  
Xu Zhao ◽  
Hanlin Peng ◽  
Yi Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Nosocomial infections (NIs) are an important cause of mortality, and increasing evidence reveals that the prevalence of NIs can be reduced through effective prevention and control measures. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the prevention and control measures for the COVID-19 pandemic on NIs. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the prevalence of NIs before and after COVID-19 pandemic for 6 months in the Children’s Hospital of Soochow University. Results A total of 39,914 patients in 2019 and 34,645 patients in 2020 were admitted to the hospital during the study. There were 1.39% (481/34645) of patients with NIs in 2020, which was significantly lower than the 2.56% (1021/39914) of patients in 2019. The rate of critical and fatal cases was also decreased. In addition, the rate of appropriate handwashing, the number of protective gloves and aprons used per person and the number of healthcare staff per patients were significantly increased. Except for the ICU, the prevalence of nosocomial infection in most departments decreased from 2019 to 2020. Regarding the source of infections, a significant reduction was mainly observed in respiratory (0.99% vs 0.42%, p = 0.000) and digestive tract (0.63% vs 0.14%, p = 0.000). The microorganism analysis of respiratory infections indicated an obvious decline in acinetobacters and fungi. The most significant decline of pathogens in gastrointestinal infections was observed for rotavirus. The comparison of catheter-related nosocomial infections between 2019 and 2020 did not show significant differences. Conclusions The prevention and control measures for the COVID-19 pandemic have reduced the nosocomial infection in almost all departments, except the ICU, mainly regarding respiratory, gastrointestinal, and oral infections, while catheter-related infections did not show any differences.

scholarly journals Forecasting and Analysis of Time Variation of Parameters of COVID-19 Infection in China Using An Improved SEIR Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoping Zhang ◽  
Huaji Pang ◽  
Yifei Xue ◽  
Yu Zhou ◽  
Ruliang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Seir Model ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Due to the emergency pandemic threat, the COVID-19 has attracted widespread attention around the world. Common symptoms of infection were fever, cough, and myalgia fatigue. On January 31, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declares this outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC).Methods: In order to study the spread of the novel coronavirus pneumonia, this paper proposed an improved SEIR model to simulate the spread of the virus, which includes the effect factor of government intervention. The model parameters are determined based on the daily reported statistical data (up to February 8) of confirmed, suspected, cured, and death. According to utilize the spread rate, the probability of infection of the suspected, the probability of the suspected becoming a confirmed one, the cure rate, the mortality rate, and the quarantine ratio, we performed simulations and parameter calibrations at three region levels, i.e., China, Hubei and non-Hubei respectively. In addition, considering that the government initiated effective prevention and control measures after the outbreak, this paper dynamically estimates all the parameters of the proposed model.Results: The simulation reveals that the parameters of non-Hubei region are not significantly different from Hubei’s. Hubei Province has a high transmission rate, low cure rate, high probability of infection, low effective quarantine rate. since January 31, with the continuous strengthening of epidemic prevention and control measures, all parameters of the model have changed significantly. The parameters of Hubei and non-Hubei regions have the same trend. The trend of all parameters is now moving in a direction that is conducive to reducing the number of confirmed, suspected and fatal cases.Conclusions: The number of infections of the virus initially showed a rapid increase in the trend, and the number of infectious case showed a clear downward shape. With the government to take a variety of prevention and control measures and the efforts of the general medical staff, the number of infection curve on February 22 appeared in the top of the arc pattern, indicating that the inflection point began to appear, but the decline in the number of infections slowly.

scholarly journals Study on the Distribution and Source of Multidrug-resistant Organisms Infection in Non-ICU Departments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanjie Li ◽  
Xing Wu ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Wei-hong Zhang ◽  
Su-ming Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospital Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Organisms ◽  
Hospital Transfer ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Abstract Objective: To analyze the distribution and source of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) infection in non-ICU departments, and provide basis for accurate prevention and control measures of MDRO. Methods: A total of 1116 MDRO infection strains isolated from 802 patients with MDRO infection in the non-ICU departments of The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical Universityl from October 2017 to September 2019 were selected as subjects. According to the source, MDRO was divided into two types and four groups: out-of-hospital infection (transferred from outside hospital and community-acquired) and nosocomial infection (transferred from our hospital and department-acquired). Results: The major MDRO infections in non-ICU departments were CRE (34.41%) and MRSA (29.66%). There were significant differences in the composition of MDRO infection among different departments (χ2 = 185.687, P < 0.001). The departments with the most MDRO infection were geriatric medicine (13.17%), neurosurgery (10.04%), and rehabilitation medicine (8.51%). The detection rates of CRE, MRSA, CRAB, and CRPA were 10.69%, 43.83%, 33.72%, and 27.11%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of CRE, MRSA, CRAB, and CRPA in the departments of the whole hospital (25.35%, 51.48%, 79.15%, 46.99%), and the differences were statistically significant (χ2 = 584.309, 15.583, 960.632, 203.726; all P < 0.001). There were significant differences in the detection rates of four kinds of MDRO among different non-ICU departments (χ2 = 190.766, 97.642, 75.078, 69.515; all P <0.001). The most common sites of MDRO infection were lower respiratory tract (48.39%), surgical site (11.83%), and urinary tract (11.02%). There were 641 cases of out-of-hospital infection (57.44%), including out-of-hospital transfer (33.42%) and community-acquire (24.01%), and 475 cases of nosocomial infection (42.56%), including our hospital transfer (4.66%) and department-acquire (37.90%). The composition of MDRO source was different among non-ICU departments. Conclusion: Nearly 2/3 of MDRO infection in non-ICU departments came from out-of-hospital input and in-hospital transfer. The implementation of basic infection control measures and early identification through information system need be noticed. The distribution and source of MDRO infection varied in different departments, and targeted prevention and control measures should be made according to its characteristics to achieve accurate prevention and control.

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