An Empirical Study on Industrial Ecological Efficiency in Arid Resource Exploitation Region of Northwest China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xudong Zhou ◽  
Zhengkai Xue ◽  
Jumeniyaz Seydehmet
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Malmquist Index ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Ecological Efficiency ◽  
Plan Period

Abstract Located in the northwest of China, Xinjiang is a typical arid desert area and mineral resources development zone. Lacking water resources and a fragile ecological environment restricts the sustainable development of the region. Based on the industrial panel data of Xinjiang from 2001 to 2015, this paper uses the Undesirable Output SBM model, Malmquist index model, and Tobit regression model to comprehensively and systematically measure and evaluate the industrial eco-efficiency and its change characteristics from provincial, regional and prefectural levels. The results show that:(1) The level of industrial eco-efficiency in Xinjiang is generally low, lower than the national average, but it has been rising steadily over time, from 0.36 in 2001 to 1.00 in 2008, and from 0.41 in the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period to 0.99 in the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period. (2) The industrial ecological efficiency of Xinjiang is not balanced in space. Northern Xinjiang is larger than that of eastern Xinjiang and southern Xinjiang. The prefectures have uneven and asynchronous development, which can be divided into two development modes: industrial region and agriculture and animal husbandry region. (3) Through the decomposition analysis of the Malmquist index, it is found that the technology progress index is the restriction factor of the changing trend of TFP, while the technical efficiency index and the pure technical efficiency index are the promoting factors. (4) The main factors causing the loss of ecological efficiency are industrial sulfur dioxide emissions, industrial nitrogen oxide emissions, total industrial water consumption, general industrial solid waste. It can be seen that the emission of air pollutants and excessive industrial water are the main problems in the region. (5) Industrial ecological efficiency is positively correlated with industrial development level, scientific and technological innovation, industrial structure, and environmental planning, and negatively correlated with opening up and industrial agglomeration degree. (6) Xinjiang is an extremely arid and water-scarce region. These are the key and prerequisite of saving water resources and strengthening the comprehensive utilization of water resources. Water- saving should be given top priority no matter in industrial areas, or agricultural and animal husbandry areas.

scholarly journals Water management for industrial development, energy conservation, and subjective attitudes: a comprehensive risk-oriented model to explore the tolerance of unbalanced allocation problem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangping Yu ◽  
Yulei Xie ◽  
Ling Ji ◽  
Jinbo Zhang ◽  
Yanpeng Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Allocation Problem ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Risk Modeling ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Water Energy Nexus ◽  
Consumption Control

Abstract In this study, a new concept concerning comprehensive characteristics of water resources utilization as an index for risk modeling within the water allocation management model is proposed to explore the tolerance of unbalanced allocation problem under water–energy nexus. The model is integrated with interval two-stage stochastic programming for reflecting system uncertainties. These uncertainties are associated with the industrial production feature and the decision-making process. With respect to water–energy nexus, energy proposed is mainly focused on the consumption intensity of water purification and transportation from different water sources. The developed model is applied for industrial water resources allocation management in Henan province, China. Multiple scenarios related to disparate energy consumption control and the comprehensive risk levels are simulated to obtain a reasonable trade-off among system profit, comprehensive risk, and energy consumption. The results indicated that the strict comprehensive risk management or energy consumption control measures could cause damage to system benefit owing to decreasing the flexibility of industrial water resources distributions, and the preliminary energy consumption or the comprehensive risk control would be beneficial to moderate the conflict between industrial sectors and water resources, and accelerate industrial structure transformation in the future.

Objectives of a Water Quality Monitoring Programme for the International River Basins in a Developing Country in Southern Africa – Mozambique

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (5-7) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
S J Hugman
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Management And Development ◽  
International Obligations

Mozambique lies on the south-east coast of Africa. Its Independence, in 1975, was particularly difficult and severely disrupted the economy. All its major rivers rise in neighbouring countries and several, in particular those from South Africa and Swaziland, are already heavily used before crossing the border. Since 1977 the National Water Directorate has been responsible for management and development of water resources. The Directorate includes a hydrology department which maintains field-teams throughout the country. Virtually no water quality data are available from before 1972, when irregular sample collection began. Since Independence, sampling has continued but the Directorate has redefined the objectives of the programme to obtain maximum benefit from very limited resources. These objectives were chosen for economic, hydrological and political reasons. The long-term objectives are to provide the data required for agricultural and industrial development projects, to manage and maintain the quality of Mozambique's water resources, and to meet international obligations. In practice, the capacity of the hydrological service is insufficient to meet these objectives. The targets for the existing programme were therefore chosen to satisfy the most important objectives and to be feasible with present resources. The routine programme is being completely operated by technicians who have no more than nine years schooling.

scholarly journals The Impact of Information Technology on Motor Carrier Productivity

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Starr McMullen
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Malmquist Index ◽  
Satellite Communications ◽  
Efficiency Change ◽  
Motor Carrier ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between motor carrier productivity, marketing strategy, and use of information technology for a sample of U.S. general freight commodity carriers. We use a unique data set containing information on firm marketing strategy and information technology use collected in a survey of Class I and II motor carrier firms (U.S. Department of Transportation, 1999). The measure of productivity used here is the non-parametric Malmquist Index as explained in Grosskopf (1993) and previously applied to general freight motor carriers by McMullen and Okuyama (2000). The Malmquist Index is decomposed into two components: economic efficiency change (EC) and technical efficiency change (TC). A tobit model regression model is used to examine the relationship between firm productivity, marketing strategy, and use of information technology. Information technologies included in the tobit analysis are electronic data interchange (EDI) and satellite communications (SATCOM). We also include firm size, use of owner-operators, and percent unionization as explanatory variables in the tobit regression. Results indicate that use of EDI has a positive and significant impact on economic efficiency (EC). Firms that try to market their product by providing service at the "lowest freight rate" are found to exhibit greater technical efficiency (TC), suggesting that productivity and cost measures that ignore marketing strategy may be biased. Finally, economic efficiency (EC) is found to be significantly greater for firms that are more heavily unionized.

scholarly journals A Study on the Efficiency of Tourism Poverty Alleviation in Ethnic Regions Based on the Staged DEA Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianchun Yang ◽  
Ying Wu ◽  
Jialian Wang ◽  
Chengcheng Wan ◽  
Qian Wu
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Malmquist Index ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Two Stages

Poverty alleviation through tourism is an important way for China to achieve targeted poverty alleviation and win the battle of poverty alleviation. As a region with deep poverty and great difficulty in poverty alleviation, whether tourism development has injected key impetus into ethnic minority areas needs to be tested by both qualitative analysis and quantitative measurement. This paper takes eight ethnic provinces (regions) in China as an example to conduct an empirical study. Based on the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)-BCC model and Malmquist index, it evaluates the tourism investment and tourism poverty alleviation efficiency of the ethnic regions in the two stages of tourism poverty alleviation, and analyzes them by classification. The results of the study show: (1) The pure technical efficiency in the first stage is relatively high, but the total factor productivity of each region is declining; (2) The pure technical efficiency in the second stage is also relatively high, but the scale efficiency is low, and the change rate of total factor productivity of the provinces in China has increased significantly; (3) The “double high” type includes Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, and Guizhou, and the “double low” type includes Qinghai, Yunnan, Tibet, Xinjiang, and Ningxia. The results of the study generally show that tourism poverty alleviation has brought about the improvement of the living standards of residents and the development of local economy, but the efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation needs to be improved. On this basis, the article puts forward corresponding improvement measures, in order to further help the ethnic minority areas get rid of poverty in a comprehensive way by promoting the efficient and sustainable development of tourism.

Decomposition analysis of water utilization in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region between 2003 and 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 626-634
Author(s):  
Hongrui Wang ◽  
Siyang Hong ◽  
Tao Cheng ◽  
Xiayue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Structural Effect ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Utilization ◽  
Internal Relations ◽  
Factor Decomposition

Abstract Water crisis is prominent in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, therefore, the internal relations between water utilization changes and socioeconomic development must be urgently analysed. Based on analyses of the spatiotemporal characteristics of total water utilization, the factors that influenced changes in industrial water utilization in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2003 to 2016 were studied using a factor decomposition model. The results show that the scaling effect (SCE) increased water utilization by 31.78 billion m3 over those 13 years and was the only driving effect that caused industrial water utilization to increase. The structural effect (STE) and technological effect (TEE) reduced industrial water utilization by 14.93 and 20.44 billion m3, respectively. The TEE was the main reason for the decrease in industrial water utilization in Beijing, accounting for a reduction of 96.5% in total industrial water utilization. The STE was stronger than TEE in Tianjin, with associated decreases of 94.65% and 90.1% in total industrial water utilization, respectively. In Hebei, the STE and TEE reduced total industrial water utilization by 60.23% and 85.46%, respectively. Adjusting the industrial structure and promoting water-saving technology are efficient methods of alleviating the water shortage in the study area.

Reflection seismic imaging of buried shallow salt structures – examples from ongoing case studies in Northern Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Polom ◽  
Rebekka Mecking ◽  
Phillip Leineweber ◽  
Andreas Omlin
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Reflection Seismic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cap Rock

<p>In the North German Basin salt tectonics generated a wide range of evaporite structures since the Upper Triassic, resulting in e.g. extended salt walls, salt diapirs, and salt pillows in the depth range up to 8 km. Due to their trap and seal properties these structures were in the focus of hydrocarbon exploration over many decades, leading to an excellent mapping of their geometries below 300 m in depth. During salt rise Rotliegend formations were partly involved as a constituent. Some structures penetrated the salt table, some also the former surface. Dissolution (subrosion) and erosion of the salt cap rock by meteoric water took place, combined with several glacial and intraglacial overprints. Finally the salt structures were covered by pleistocene and holocene sediments. This situation partly resulted in proneness for ongoing karstification of the salt cap rock, leading to e.g. local subsidence and sinkhole occurrence at the surface. The geometry, structure and internal lithology of these shallow salt cap rocks are widely unknown. Expanding urban and industrial development, water resources management and increasing climate change effects enhance the demands for shallow mapping and characterization of these structures regarding save building grounds and sustainable water resources.</p><p>Results of shallow drilling investigations of the salt cap rock and the overburden show unexpectedly heterogenous subsurface conditions, yielding to limited success towards mapping and characterization. Thus, shallow high-resolution geophysical methods are in demand to close the gaps with preferred focus of applicability in urban and industrial environments. Method evaluations starting in 2010 geared towards shallow high-resolution reflection seismic to meet the requirements of both depth penetration and structure resolution. Since 2017 a combination of S-wave and P-wave seismic methods including depth calibrations by Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) enabled 2.5D subsurface imaging starting few meters below the surface up to several hundred meters depth in 0.5-5 m resolution range, respectively. The resulting profiles image strong variations along the boundaries and on top of the salt cap rock. Beside improved mapping capabilities, aim of research is the development of characteristic data features to differentiate save and non-save areas.</p>

scholarly journals Green Biased Technical Change in Terms of Industrial Water Resources in China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2789
Author(s):  
Xiyue Zhang ◽  
Fangcheng Sun ◽  
Huaizu Wang ◽  
Yi Qu
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Technical Change ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Green Performance ◽  
Green Productivity ◽  
Input Side ◽  
Output Side

As a significant ecological corridor from west to east across China, the Yangtze River Economical Belt (YREB) is in great need of green development and transformation. Rather than only focusing on the overall growth of green productivity, it is important to identify whether the technical change is biased towards economic performance or green performance in promoting green productivity. By employing the biased technical change theory and Malmquist index decomposition method, we analyze the green biased technical change in terms of industrial water resources in YREB at the output side and the input side respectively. We find that the green biased technical change varies during 2006–2015 at both the input side and output side in YREB. At the input side, water-saving biased technical change is generally dominant compared to water-using biased technical change during 2006–2015, presenting the substitution effects of non-water production factors. At the output side, the economy-growth biased technical change is the main force to promote green productivity, whereas the role of water-conservation biased technical change is insufficient. The green performance at the output side needs to be strengthened compared to the economic performance in YREB. A series of water-related environmental policies introduced in China since 2008 have promoted the green biased technical change both at the input side and the output side in YREB, but the policy effects at the output side is still inadequate compared to that at the input side. The technological innovation in sewage treatment and control need to catch up with the economic growth in YREB. Our research gives insights to enable a deeper understanding of the green biased technical change in YREB and will benefit more focused policy-making of green innovation.

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