The Structural Equation Modeling of Personal Aspects, Environmental Aspects, and Happiness Among Older Adults Living Alone: A Cross-Sectional Study

Cross Sectional ◽

Abstract Background The happiness of older adults living alone warrants attention because they are more vulnerable to unhappiness than those living with families. The present study aimed to construct and test a structural equation model to elucidate the causal relationship among participation in social activities, satisfaction with the neighborhood environment, subjective health status, and happiness in older adults living alone in South Korea. Methods Secondary data of 2,768 older adults (605 males and 2,163 females) living on their own were extracted from the 2017 Korean Community Health Survey and used in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected via self-reported questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 and AMOS version 20.0. Results The hypothetical model exhibited a good fit: χ2 = 342.06 (df = 58, p < .001), goodness-of-fit index = .98, adjected goodness-of-fit index = .97, root mean square error of approximation = .04, and nonstandard fit index = .92. Participation in social activities had a significant effect on participants’ subjective health status (path coefficient = .45, p = .001) and happiness (path coefficient = .20, p = .003). Conclusions Interventions to improve the health and happiness of older adults living alone should aim to enhance their social and physical environmental dimensions based on the participants' various social activities and their neighborhoods' characteristics.

The structural equation modeling of personal aspects, environmental aspects, and happiness among older adults living alone: a cross-sectional study

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-021-02430-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Eun Jeong Hwang ◽

In Ok Sim

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Subjective Health ◽

Living Alone ◽

Path Coefficient ◽

Social Activities ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Abstract Background The happiness of older adults living alone warrants attention because they are more vulnerable to unhappiness than those living with families. The present study aimed to construct and test a structural equation model to elucidate the relationship among participation in social activities, satisfaction with the neighborhood environment, subjective health status, and happiness in older adults living alone in South Korea. Methods Secondary data of 2768 older adults (605 males and 2163 females) living on their own were extracted from the 2017 Korean Community Health Survey and used in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected via self-reported questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 and AMOS version 20.0. Results The hypothetical model exhibited a good fit: χ2 = 342.06 (df = 58, p < .001), goodness-of-fit index = .98, adjected goodness-of-fit index = .97, root mean square error of approximation = .04, and nonstandard fit index = .92. Participation in social activities had a significant effect on participants’ subjective health status (path coefficient = .45, p = .001) and happiness (path coefficient = .20, p = .003). Conclusions Interventions to improve the health and happiness of older adults living alone should aim to enhance their social and physical environmental dimensions based on the participants’ various social activities and their neighborhoods’ characteristics.

Structural equation model of affecting factors on elder abuse to patients under hemodialysis by family caregivers

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-021-02291-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Amaneh Mahmoudian ◽

Abbas Shamsalinia ◽

Atefeh Alipour ◽

Zahra Fotoukian ◽

Fatemeh Ghaffari

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Family Caregivers ◽

Structural Equation Model ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Elder Abuse ◽

Equation Model ◽

Care Burden ◽

Beta Coefficient ◽

Abstract Background The objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of older adults with hemodialysis (HD) abuse by family caregivers and the factors affecting it. Method This is a correlational-causal study, which is conducted in 2018 in Iran. The sample size was 367 in both groups (the older adults and their family caregivers). Data collection was done using an individual-social information questionnaire for the older adults under hemodialysis and their family caregivers, the questionnaire of elder abuse by family caregivers to the older people under hemodialysis, Zarit Burden Interview and the scale of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Data were analyzed by the structural equation model (SEM) method. The Fitness of proposed pattern was measured using the following indexes: chi-square/degree of freedom ratio (CMIN/DF), Normed Fit Index (NFI), comparative fit index (CFI), goodness of fit index (GFI), and standardized root mean squared residual (SRMR). The significant level in this study was considered p < 0.05. Results The results of the present study showed that more than 70 % of the older adults suffer from elder abuse by family caregivers on average. The highest median elder abuse was related to emotional misbehavior (21.46 ± 6.09) and financial misbehavior (19.07 ± 5.33), respectively. Moderate care burden was experienced by 63.2 % of caregivers. The percentage of older women and men, who needed help with daily activities was 81.4 and 80.5 %, respectively. The results showed that the caregivers’ level of education and care burden with standard beta coefficient of -0.251 and 0.200 and the educational level of older adults and IADL with the best beta coefficient of -0.299 and − 0.234, had the highest regression effect on elder abuse respectively. According to the results, the model-fit indices of the hypothesized model was meet the criteria, with the NFI = 0.951, GFI = 0.970, CFI = 0.967, and SRMR = 0.041. The outcome was suitable for the recommended level, so the hypothetical model appeared to fit the data. Conclusions The results of the present study showed that the prevalence of elder abuse by family caregivers among the older adults under hemodialysis is high. Providing psychological counseling can reduce the consequences of elder abuse.

Development of a health behavior scale for older adults living alone receiving public assistance

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11347-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ayano Isozaki ◽

Etsuko Tadaka

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Health Behavior ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Public Assistance ◽

The Self ◽

Living Alone ◽

Personal Power ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Behavior Scale ◽

Abstract Background To reduce health disparities, prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCD) by performing desirable health behavior in older adults living alone with low socioeconomic status is an essential strategy in public health. Self-perception of personal power and practical skills for daily health are key elements of desirable health behavior. However, methods for measuring these concepts have not been established. This study aimed to develop a health behavior scale for older adults living alone receiving public assistance (HBSO). Methods The self-administered mail survey covered 2818 older adults living alone receiving public assistance (OAP) randomly selected from the list of people receiving public assistance (Seikatsu-hogo in Japanese) at all 1250 local social welfare offices across Japan. Construct validity was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha. The self-efficacy for health promotion scale and Health check-up status were administered to assess the criteria-related validity of the HBSO. Results In total, 1280 participants (response rate: 45.4%) responded, of which 1069 (37.9%) provided valid responses. Confirmatory factor analysis identified 10 items from two factors (self-perception of personal power and practical skills for daily health) with a goodness of fit index of 0.973, adjusted goodness of fit index of 0.953, comparative fit index of 0.954, and root mean square error of approximation of 0.049. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.75. The total HBSO score was significantly positively correlated with the self-efficacy for health promotion scale (r = 0.672, p < 0.001) and the group with health check-up had significantly higher HBSO scores than the group without it (p < 0.001). Conclusions The HBSO is an easy-to-self-administer instrument that is reliable and valid for OAP. The HBSO could facilitate appropriate assessment of OAP who need to improve their health behavior to prevent NCD, and could be used to determine effective support.

Development of a social contact self-efficacy scale for ‘third agers’ in Japan

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0253652 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. e0253652

Author(s):

Moemi Oki ◽

Etsuko Tadaka

Keyword(s):

Self Efficacy ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Social Contact ◽

Subjective Health ◽

Factor Analyses ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Background “Third agers” are people over retirement age in relatively good health; third agers make up an increasing percentage of the global population as the world’s longevity increases. Therefore, the challenge of prolonging a healthy third age and shortening the unhealthy period during the “fourth age” in the global health and social contexts is important in this process. However, no means to measure and support this has been developed as yet. We developed the Social Contact Self-Efficacy Scale for Third Agers (SET) and evaluated its reliability and validity. Methods We used a self-administered mail survey covering 2,600 randomly selected independent older adults living in Yokohama, Japan. The construct validity of the SET was determined using exploratory factor and confirmatory factor analyses. Its criterion-related validity was assessed using the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence (JST-IC), and subjective health status. Results In total, 1,139 older adults provided responses. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identified eight items within two factors: social space mobility and social support relationship. The final model had a Cronbach’s alpha 0.834, goodness-of-fit index 0.976, adjusted goodness-of-fit index 0.955, comparative fit index 0.982, and root mean square error of approximation 0.050. There was good correlation between scale scores and the GSES (r = 0.552, p < 0.001), JST-IC (r = 0.495, p < 0.001) and subjective health status (r = 0.361, p < 0.001). Conclusions The SET showed sufficient reliability and validity to assess self-efficacy in promoting social contact among third agers. This scale may help third agers in gaining and expanding opportunities for social contact, which can improve their physical health and quality of life and contribute to care prevention and healthy longevity.

Psychometric testing of the Turkish version of the Health Literacy for School-Aged Children Scale

Journal of Child Health Care ◽

10.1177/1367493517738124 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 97-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Meryem Ozturk Haney

Keyword(s):

Health Literacy ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Subjective Health ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Turkish Version ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Aged Children ◽

This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Health Literacy for School-Aged Children (HLSAC-T) scale. This study was a cross-sectional and methodological design. The sample consisted of 563 sixth and ninth grade students in Izmir, Turkey. Data were collected with the socio-demographic characteristics questionnaire, HLSAC-T, and Turkish version of the Adolescent Lifestyle Profile. Cronbach’s α for the scale was .77 and item-total correlations were between .49 and .61 ( p < .001). The model fit indices were determined to be the root mean square error of approximation at .035, the goodness of fit index at .99, and the comparative fit index at .99. The concordance validity and convergent validity were supported and the discriminant validity suggested that the scale successfully discriminated students who cared about healthy lifestyle from the students who did not. The HLSAC-T showed an adequate reliability and validity for determining the subjective health literacy of Turkish school-aged children. The results showed promise that the scale could be translated into other languages.

Association of Family Type with Happiness Attributes Among Older Adults

10.21203/rs.3.rs-27103/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Eun-Jeong Hwang ◽

In Ok Sim

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Physical Environment ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Living Alone ◽

Family Type ◽

Social Activities ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Abstract Background: This study used secondary data from the 2017 Korean Community Health Survey to compare the associations between depressive symptoms, present health status, socio-physical environment, social support networks, and social activities with happiness among older adults from three different family types. Method: The study employed a non-experimental, cross-sectional research design. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and Logistic regression. Results: Findings revealed a significant difference in the happiness index among older adults living alone (6.22±2.11), older adults living with their spouse (6.76±1.99), and older adults living with their family (6.46±1.94) (F = 88.69, p < .001). As the result of logistic regression, older adults living alone (odds ratio (OR) = 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.57–0.99) and those living with their family (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.65–0.99) demonstrated greater happiness as the frequency of contact with their family increased. Older adults living with their spouse indicated an increase in happiness when their contact with friends was higher (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.56–0.84). Conclusion: It was confirmed that factors influencing happiness differed according to older adults’ family type, thus suggesting that older adults’ happiness could be facilitated through interventions that consider their circumstances, including family type. Keywords: family type; happiness; older adult; social activities; socio-physical environment

A Comparative Study of the Factors Associated with Geriatric Depression between Two Sex Groups Living Alone

Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing ◽

10.12934/jkpmhn.2021.30.4.411 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 411-423

Author(s):

Eunhye Hong ◽

Youkyung Kim ◽

Junghyun Park ◽

Heejung Kim

Keyword(s):

Elderly People ◽

Mental Health Professionals ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Subjective Health ◽

Ecological System ◽

Living Alone ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

System Factors

Purpose: The aims of this study were to identify depression rates depending on the sex among elderly people living alone and to compare depression-related ecological system factors between two sex groups.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from the 7th Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging survey in 2018. A total of 893 elders living alone were included (152 men and 741 women). Hierarchical logistic regression was used to identify depression-related ecological system factors depending on the sex.Results: Men had significantly higher rates of depression (28.6%) than women (24.0%, p<.001). Depression-related ecological system factors in elderly women were higher educational level, poor subjective health status, impairment of instrumental activities of daily living, low satisfaction with children’s relation, financial based on children’s support, and rare meetings with close people. However, relation satisfaction with children was the only relevant depression-related ecological system factor in the men’s group.Conclusion: Our study findings show that depression-related ecological system factors vary depending on the sex of elderly people living alone. Thus, mental health professionals should provide sex-specific interventions to develop or implement depression-prevention strategies for the elderly living alone depending on the sex.

Empathy and cultural competence in clinical nurses: A structural equation modelling approach

Nursing Ethics ◽

10.1177/0969733018824794 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (7-8) ◽

pp. 2113-2123

Author(s):

Bahare Zarei ◽

Mohaddeseh Salmabadi ◽

Alireza Amirabadizadeh ◽

Seyyed Abolfazl Vagharseyyedin

Keyword(s):

Cultural Competence ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Research Committee ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Clinical Nurses ◽

Correlational Design ◽

Competence Training ◽

Background: Forgiveness has the potential to resolve painful feelings arising from nurse–patient conflicts. It would be useful to evaluate direct and indirect important factors which are related to forgiveness in order to design interventions that try to facilitate forgiveness. Aim/objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intermediating role of empathy in the cultural competence–forgiveness association among nurses using structural equation modeling. Research design: The research applied a cross-sectional correlational design. Participants and research context: The study included 380 nurses eight hospitals in southern Iran. Ethical considerations: The Ethics and Research Committee of Birjand University of Medical Sciences approved the study protocol. The voluntary nature of participation was explained consent was obtained from participants, and anonymity was guaranteed. Findings: Most of the participants were married and female and fell in the 20- to 30-year-old category. Most of them (89.5%) had a working experience of 1–10 years. The proposed model showed that nurses’ empathy intermediated the association between nurses’ cultural competence and forgiveness which has fitted the data acceptably (root mean square error approximation = 0.070; comparative fit index = 0.993; goodness-of-fit index = 0.983; and χ2/df = 2.85). Conclusion: Empathy skills and cultural competence training were essential for interventions aimed at increasing the tendency to forgive patients. In such interventions, planners should aim at increasing nurses’ cultural competence in order to enhance their empathy toward patients, which can, in turn, lead to a greater wish to forgive patients.

Relationship between Mobility-Related Activities of Daily Living and Health-Related Quality of Life among Healthy Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Structural Equation Modeling

Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine ◽

10.1177/23337214211013166 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 233372142110131

Author(s):

Hungu Jung ◽

Shigeharu Tanaka ◽

Yuji Iwamoto ◽

Masahiro Yamasaki ◽

Ryo Tanaka

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Chi Square ◽

Healthy Older Adults ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related ◽

Objective: To develop a conceptual model that confirms whether mobility-related activities of daily living (ADLs) abilities are strongly associated with reduced health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in older adults. Methods: A total of 153 participants (63 men, 90 women) were analyzed. The mobility-related ADL survey from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan was used. The Japanese version (v1.2) of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey was administered to evaluate HRQOL. Structural equation modeling was performed to test a hypothetical model: mobility-related ADL abilities would influence HRQOL. Results: The chi-square value was not significant (chi-square = 9.463, p = .305), and goodness-of-fit values were high, implying that the model was validated; goodness-of-fit index, 0.981; adjusted goodness-of-fit index, 0.949; comparative fit index, 0.996; and root mean square error of approximation, 0.035. Results showed that mobility-related ADL abilities influenced the physical health including physical function and general health in HRQOL. Conclusions: This study developed the conceptual model confirming the influence of mobility-related ADL abilities especially on physical health. Further intervention studies on instructions/training for physical activity of healthy older adults should assess this causal relationship.

The Structural Equation Models Of Environmental Concern and Knowledge To Green Trust and Green Purchase Intention Towards Green Products (Guideliness)

10.31227/osf.io/sqm28 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

rizka zulfikar

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation Model ◽

Purchase Intention ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Environmental Concern ◽

Equation Model ◽

Environmental Knowledge ◽

Green Product ◽

Green Trust ◽

This research aims to find a structural equation model that can explain the relationship and influence of the environmental concern and Environmental Knowledge to green trust and green purchase intention towards green product. This study is a survey research using questionnaires as an instrument. Population and sample used in this study is public of South Kalimantan Province and taken as many as 150 respondents using non-purposivesampling method. The analysis technique used are : the instruments test, the construct validity and reliability test, the suitability of the model based on the goodness of fit index, pathways analysis and the Influence test according to the model of SEM that complies with the goodness of fit index to determine the effect of variable perception value and risk to public trust. The study found that: (1) Structural equation model of the correlation between the environmental concern and Environmental Knowledge to green trust and green purchase intention towards green product are comply with the criteria and standards of goodness of fit index, (2) (3) (4)