Safety and immunostimulatory activity of the dietary supplement Houttuynia cordata Thunb. fermentation product in healthy volunteers

Abstract Houttuynia cordata Thunb. fermentation product (HCFP) is widely used in Thailand as a dietary supplement for immune support with no experimental verification. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and immunomodulation of HCFP in healthy adult volunteers. The effect of HCFP on antiretroviral drugs (TDF and EFV) was also evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats. The basic characteristics and blood chemistry of ten healthy volunteers did not show any significant differences between before and after 4 weeks of intervention with a daily intake of HCFP, and no major adverse event was observed. However, the LDL-c level was significantly decreased after 4 weeks of intervention. Immunomodulation assay revealed that the percentage of neutrophil was significantly increased after 8 weeks of intervention in 30 healthy volunteers. Meanwhile, the mean of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell ratio was not significantly increased after 8 weeks of intervention. In addition, the plasma concentrations of EFV and TDF in Sprague Dawley rats showed no significant difference between single drug group and combination with HCFP group, suggesting that HCFP has no effect on the plasma level of antiretroviral drugs.

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Oral absorption and drug interaction kinetics of moxifloxacin in an animal model of weightlessness

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82044-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dong Liang ◽

Jing Ma ◽

Bo Wei

Keyword(s):

Oral Dose ◽

Oral Absorption ◽

Jugular Vein ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Pharmacokinetic Data ◽

Simulated Weightlessness ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Interaction Kinetics ◽

Kinetics Of

AbstractTo investigate the effect of simulated weightlessness on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered moxifloxacin and the antacid Maalox or the antidiarrheal Pepto-Bismol using a tail-suspended (TS) rat model of microgravity. Fasted control and TS, jugular-vein-cannulated, male Sprague-Dawley rats received either a single 5 mg/kg intravenous dose or a single 10 mg/kg oral dose of moxifloxacin alone or with a 0.625 mL/kg oral dose of Maalox or a 1.43 mL/kg oral dose of Pepto-Bismol. Plasma concentrations of moxifloxacin were measured by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic data were analyzed using WinNonlin. Simulated weightlessness had no effect on moxifloxacin disposition after intravenous administration but significantly decreased the extent of moxifloxacin oral absorption. The coadministration of moxifloxacin with Maalox to either control or TS rats caused significant reductions in the rate and extent of moxifloxacin absorption. In contrast, the coadministration of moxifloxacin with Pepto-Bismol to TS rats had no significant effect on either the rate or the extent of moxifloxacin absorption. These interactions showed dose staggering when oral administrations of Pepto-Bismol and moxifloxacin were separated by 60 min in control rats but not in TS rats. Dose staggering was more apparent after the coadministration of Maalox and moxifloxacin in TS rats.

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THE EFFECTS OF LEVELS OF ISOLATION, OR VARIETAL DIFFERENCES IN, HIGH FIBRE HULL FRACTION OF LOW GLUCOSINOLATE RAPESEED MEALS ON RAT OR PIG PERFORMANCE

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas78-093 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 743-752 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

J. J. KENNELLY ◽

F. X. AHERNE ◽

A. J. LEWIS

Keyword(s):

Feed Intake ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Gain Ratio ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pig Performance ◽

Daily Gain

Forty-eight crossbred pigs of average initial weight 21 kg were fed 10% Tower rapeseed meal (RSM) and 10% Candle RSM as partial replacements for soybean meal (SBM). Diets were formulated to be isocaloric. Pigs fed the SBM diet consumed less feed, gained significantly (P < 0.01) faster and were more efficient at converting feed to gain than those fed the RSM diets. Performance of pigs fed Candle RSM was not significantly different to that obtained with Tower RSM. In a second experiment, dehulled Tower RSM and Tower RSM hulls were mixed in amounts to produce RSM with crude fibre levels of 6.8, 10.8, 13.5 and 15.8%. The simulated RSM and Tower and Candle RSM were used to completely replace SBM in the diets of weanling (75 g) Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats fed SBM had significantly (P < 0.05) higher average daily gain (ADG) than those fed Tower or Candle RSM, or diets containing the rapeseed meats. There was no significant (P < 0.05) difference in ADG, feed intake or feed to gain ratio of rats fed either Tower or Candle RSM. Feed intake, feed to gain ratio and fecal volatile fatty acid concentrations increased while average daily gain decreased with increasing level of hulls in simulated RSM diets. There was no significant difference (P < 0.05) in thyroid weight between rats fed SBM, Tower RSM or Candle RSM.

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Oral administration of Lactobacillus casei Shirota can ameliorate the adverse effect of an acute aflatoxin exposure in Sprague Dawley rats

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000513 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 88 (3-4) ◽

pp. 199-208

Author(s):

Elham Nikbakht ◽

Rosita Jamaluddin ◽

S. Mohd Redzwan ◽

Saman Khalesi

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effect ◽

Lactobacillus Casei ◽

Health Effect ◽

Acute Exposure ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Lactobacillus Casei Shirota ◽

Probiotic Treatment ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Aflatoxin B

Abstract. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a toxic compound commonly found in some crops with an adverse health effect on human and animals. Some beneficial microorganisms (or probiotics) such as lactic acid bacteria have shown the ability to reduce the bioavailability of aflatoxins and its intestinal absorption. However, the dose and duration of aflatoxins exposure and probiotic treatment can influence the ability of probiotics to remove aflatoxins. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the efficacy of oral probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain (LcS) induction in an acute exposure to AFB1 in rats. Experimentally, Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups: AFB1 only (n = 9); AFB1 treated with LcS (n = 9); and control (no AFB1 exposure) (n = 6) groups. The blood AFB1 level of rats treated with LcS was slightly lower than the untreated AFB1 induced rats (11.12 ± 0.71 vs 10.93 ± 0.69 ng g–1). Also, LcS treatment slightly moderated the liver and kidney biomarkers in AFB1 induced rats. However, a trend for a significant difference was only observed in ALT of AFB1 induced rats treated with LcS compared to their counterparts (126.11 ± 36.90 vs 157.36 ± 15.46, p = 0.06). Rats’ body weight decreased in all animals force-fed with AFB1 with no significant difference between LcS treatment compared to the counterpart. In conclusion, this experiment indicated that probiotic LsC was able to slightly ameliorate the adverse effect of an acute exposure to AFB1 in rats. However, future studies with longer probiotics treatment or higher probiotics dose is required to confirm these findings.

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Structural Alteration in Dermal Vessels and Collagen Bundles following Exposure of Skin Wound to Zeolite–Bentonite Compound

Journal of Pharmaceutics ◽

10.1155/2016/5843459 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shahram Paydar ◽

Ali Noorafshan ◽

Behnam Dalfardi ◽

Shahram Jahanabadi ◽

Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healing Process ◽

Volume Density ◽

Skin Wound ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Small Vessels ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sterile Normal Saline ◽

Animal Skin ◽

The Impact

Background. This study examines the impact of one-time direct application of haemostatic agent zeolite–bentonite powder to wounded skin on the healing process in rats. Materials and Methods. 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into two groups (n=12): (1) the rats whose wounds were washed only with sterile normal saline (NS-treated) and (2) those treated with zeolite–bentonite compound (ZEO-treated). The wound was circular, full-thickness, and 2 cm in diameter. At the end of the 12th day, six animals from each group were randomly selected and terminated. The remaining rats were terminated after 21 days. Just after scarification, skin samples were excised and sent for stereological evaluation. Results. The results showed a significant difference between the two groups regarding the length density of the blood vessels and diameter of the large and small vessels on the 12th day after the wound was inflicted. Besides, volume density of both the dermis and collagen bundles was reduced by 25% in the ZEO-treated rats in comparison to the NS-treated animals after 21 days. Conclusions. One-time topical usage of zeolite–bentonite haemostatic powder on an animal skin wound might negatively affect the healing process through vasoconstriction and inhibition of neoangiogenesis.

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Distribution and metabolism of corticotropin-releasing factor in the rat

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y86-113 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 64 (6) ◽

pp. 683-688 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bernard Candas ◽

Josée Lalonde ◽

Maurice Normand

Keyword(s):

Time Course ◽

Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽

Metabolic Clearance ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Rapid Injection ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Moment ◽

The One

To develop a mathematical model of the distribution and metabolism of rat corticotropin-releasing factor (rCRF), the time course of 125I-labelled rCRF in plasma was measured in male Sprague–Dawley rats (i) following a rapid injection of 24 ng rCRF/100 g body weight (BW), or (ii) following a rapid injection of 424 ng rCRF/100 g BW, or (iii) during an infusion at a rate ranging from 0.28 to0.73 ng rCRF∙min−1∙100 g BW−1. The comparison of the one-, two-, and three-compartment models shows that the two-pool structure fits better to the dynamics of CRF in plasma as measured in each rat. Following a rapid injection the decay curve occurs in a biphasic manner; the early phase of disappearance is 25 times faster than the late one. There is no significant difference between the estimates of the metabolic clearance rate following both amplitudes of injection (0.40 ± 0.06 and 0.48 ± 0.05 mL∙min−1∙100 g BW−1). The volume of the first pool, 16.8 ± 1.1 mL/100 g BW, is four times larger than the plasma volume. It would thus appear that CRF is rapidly distributed from plasma into several tissues which are represented in the first pool of the model. The mean residence time of every CRF molecule in the second compartment, from the moment of secretion to its elimination, is from three to four times longer than in the first one. It stays, on average, between 140 min and 3 h in the system before an irreversible exit. At steady state, the disposal rate represents only 3% of the CRF mass of the first compartment every minute. These results could explain the prolonged effects of CRF on pituitary-adrenocortical secretion.

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Effects of Acute Exposure of Permethrin in Adult and Developing Sprague-Dawley Rats on Acoustic Startle Response and Brain and Plasma Concentrations

Toxicological Sciences ◽

10.1093/toxsci/kfy142 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 165 (2) ◽

pp. 361-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Michael T Williams ◽

Arnold Gutierrez ◽

Charles V Vorhees

Keyword(s):

Startle Response ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Acoustic Startle ◽

Acoustic Startle Response ◽

Acute Exposure ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

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Distribution and metabolism of adrenocorticotropin in the rat

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y79-153 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 57 (9) ◽

pp. 1024-1027 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Maurice Normand ◽

Josee Lalonde

Keyword(s):

Standard Error ◽

Time Course ◽

Compartment Model ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Mean Values ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Two Compartment Model ◽

Rapid Fall ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Endogenous Release

The time course of plasma bioactive adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) concentrations measured following two rapid injections of the hormone at doses of 7.5 and 22.5 mU/100 g, iv, and one infusion over a period of 80 min at a rate of 1.3 mU/min per 100 g, to male Sprague–Dawley rats whose endogenous release of ACTH had been blocked, leads to the conclusion that the hormone is distributed in two compartments. Indeed, the rapid fall of plasma ACTH concentrations in the early minutes following either the injections or the stop of the infusion is followed by a much slower phase. There is no significant difference between the measurements and the two-compartment model outputs. The model represents, on the average, the mean values of the measurements plus or minus 1 standard error for the single injections and plus or minus 1.2 standard error for the infusion.

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Daily rhythm of NaCl intake in rats fed low-Ca2+ diet: relation to plasma and urinary minerals and hormones

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1996.270.3.r505 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 270 (3) ◽

pp. R505-R517 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. G. Tordoff ◽

A. Okiyama

Keyword(s):

Dark Period ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Salt Appetite ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Lower Plasma ◽

Plasma Osmolarity ◽

Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

The Difference ◽

Plasma Phosphorus

To assess daily rhythms of salt appetite, we measured spontaneous 300 mM NaCl intake of male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a diet containing 150 or 25 mmol Ca2+/kg. Both groups drank most NaCl at night, but, as the dark period progressed, intakes of controls remained constant or diminished, whereas intakes of rats fed low-Ca2+ diet increased. During the late dark period, when the difference in NaCl intake between the two dietary groups was greatest, rats fed a low-Ca2+ diet lost more corticosterone and sodium in urine, had lower plasma osmolarity, and had higher plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone concentrations than did controls. Over the 24-h cycle, rats fed the low-Ca2+ diet excreted less Ca2+ and more corticosterone in urine than did controls. They also had consistently lower plasma concentrations of Ca2+ and renin activity and consistently higher plasma phosphorus, arginine vasopressin, parathyroid hormone, thyroxine, calcitonin, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. These findings support the hypothesis that salt appetite induced by dietary Ca2+ deficiency involves a subtle dysfunction of the ACTH-corticosterone axis, but they also raise several other possibilities.

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Central nervous system histamine regulates peripheral sympathetic activity

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1991.260.1.h218 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 260 (1) ◽

pp. H218-H224 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

V. F. Akins ◽

S. L. Bealer

Keyword(s):

Hypertonic Saline ◽

Pressor Response ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Central Administration ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Irreversible Inhibitor ◽

Brain Histamine ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

H1 Antagonist ◽

Peripheral Sympathetic Activity

Brain histamine (HA) was depleted in conscious Sprague-Dawley rats by central administration of alpha-fluoromethyl-histidine (alpha-FMH), an irreversible inhibitor of the HA synthesizing enzyme. Isotonic or hypertonic saline was infused intravenously at 10 microliters.100 g-1.min-1 for 30 min and mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored. In addition, plasma vasopressin (AVP) and norepinephrine (NE) were measured pre- and postinfusion. Animals pretreated with alpha-FMH showed a delayed and attenuated pressor response and bradycardia during hypertonic saline (HTS) infusion and a significant reduction in plasma NE levels (-29 +/- 8% below control values). However, plasma concentrations of AVP were similar in both groups. Central pretreatment with the H1-antagonist pyrilamine (PYR) also delayed the onset and significantly attenuated the pressor response to HTS infusion, and caused dose-related decreases in plasma NE concentrations (-34 +/- 8, -47 +/- 5, and -52 +/- 7% after 60, 100, and 600 nmol PYR, respectively). These data indicate a role for central HA in peripheral sympathetic activation but not as a mediator of AVP release to a peripheral hyperosmotic stimulus.

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