scholarly journals Response of grafting tobacco to low potassium stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Hu ◽  
Qing Di ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Xiaojun Shi
Keyword(s):  
Root Surface ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Low Potassium ◽  
Stress Signals ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Time Required ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background In the previous study, we investigated the alleviation effect of grafting on potassium uptake in roots and tobacco growth inhibition under low potassium stress. However, the effect of grafting on the low potassium stress perception and coping mechanism of tobacco at the whole plant level is not clear now. In order to clearly understand the impact of grafting on potassium deficit responding mechanism in tobacco, a mutual grafting experiment has been conducted in two varieties of tobacco (‘Wufeng No.2’ and ‘Yunyan 87’) in different K supply level (5mmol L -1 and 0.5 mmol L -1 K). Results The results show that compared with the self-rooted seedlings, grafting significantly increased the potassium content of the whole plant of Yunyan 87 (97.57% and 189.74% under normal potassium and low potassium conditions, respectively), and the increase in shoots was greater. The data of whole plant K content distribution and tobacco hypocotyls net K + flux demonstrates that potassium stress makes plants more inclined to maintain K + in the shoot rather than root. In addition, when K deficiency occurs, grafting could reduce the time required for downward net K + flux in tobacco hypocotyl to decrease to stable levels. The results of net K + flux in the roots indicated that K channel proteins and transporters play different roles in two rootstocks in terms of potassium tolerance. Transcription level analysis suggested that the increased circulating efficiency of K + between the shoots and roots in tobacco constitutes one means to low potassium stress adaptation. Conclusions Grafting can activate more K + channels in tobacco ‘Yunyan 87’, this means a more active K + cycle, higher potassium content in shoot and faster response to low potassium stress signals in grafting tobacco. In addition, grafting can also change the K + absorption mode of tobacco root from being dominated by HATS to being jointly responsible by HATS and LATS, greatly improving the ability of K + transmembrane transportation on root surface under low potassium stress. These are undoubtedly the reasons why grafting tobacco performs better in coping with low potassium stress.

scholarly journals RNA degradomes reveal substrates and importance for dark and nitrogen stress responses of Arabidopsis XRN4

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay K Nagarajan ◽  
Patrick M Kukulich ◽  
Bryan von Hagel ◽  
Pamela J Green
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Nitrogen Stress ◽  
Degradome Analysis ◽  
Nonsense Mediated Decay ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Major Player ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dark Stress

Abstract XRN4, the plant cytoplasmic homolog of yeast and metazoan XRN1, catalyzes exoribonucleolytic degradation of uncapped mRNAs from the 5′ end. Most studies of cytoplasmic XRN substrates have focused on polyadenylated transcripts, although many substrates are likely first deadenylated. Here, we report the global investigation of XRN4 substrates in both polyadenylated and nonpolyadenylated RNA to better understand the impact of the enzyme in Arabidopsis. RNA degradome analysis demonstrated that xrn4 mutants overaccumulate many more decapped deadenylated intermediates than those that are polyadenylated. Among these XRN4 substrates that have 5′ ends precisely at cap sites, those associated with photosynthesis, nitrogen responses and auxin responses were enriched. Moreover, xrn4 was found to be defective in the dark stress response and lateral root growth during N resupply, demonstrating that XRN4 is required during both processes. XRN4 also contributes to nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) and xrn4 accumulates 3′ fragments of select NMD targets, despite the lack of the metazoan endoribonuclease SMG6 in plants. Beyond demonstrating that XRN4 is a major player in multiple decay pathways, this study identified intriguing molecular impacts of the enzyme, including those that led to new insights about mRNA decay and discovery of functional contributions at the whole-plant level.

scholarly journals The microvine, a model for studies in grapevine physiology and genetics

OENO One ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Jean-Marie Torregrosa ◽  
Markus Rienth ◽  
Charles Romieu ◽  
Anne Pellegrino
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Berry Development ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Vegetative Cycle ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Time Required

Context and challenges: Like most other perennial crops, the grapevine needs to undergo a juvenile period before fruiting. Thus, the development of reproductive organs from seedlings is possible only after the second or third vegetative cycle. Each proleptic axis then displays only one to three inflorescences per growing cycle. These biological features and the size of the adult vine are major hindrances to the design of experiments on fruit and plant physiology, and complicate and lengthen the time required for studies in grapevine breeding and genetics.Significance of the review: The microvine is a dwarf phenotype resulting from a mutation in the VviGAI1 gene, which induces miniaturization of all vegetative organs and conversion of tendrils into inflorescences without affecting berry development. The small size of the microvine allows tight control of environmental conditions. Spatial developmental gradients fit well with temporal series of each phytomer position. Thus, kinetic profiles can be inferred from spatial information. In the first part of the paper, we describe the molecular and genetic mechanisms determining microvine phenotypes, reviewing the main biological properties of the microvine model. Subsequently, the results of recent studies in which the model was used for research in grapevine physiology and genetics are summarized. The review focuses on experiments investigating the effects of temperature on vegetative and reproductive organogenesis, berry development, and biomass allocation at the whole-plant level. Furthermore, we discuss and illustrate how the model can be used to identify (QTL) quantitative trait loci in fruit development and adaptive traits that could be useful when selecting genotypes in anticipation of the effects of global warming.

scholarly journals The impact of stomatal kinetics on diurnal photosynthesis and water use efficiency under fluctuating light

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Eyland ◽  
Jelle van Wesemael ◽  
Tracy Lawson ◽  
Sebastien Carpentier
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Fluctuating Light ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDynamic light conditions require continuous adjustments of stomatal aperture. As stomatal conductance (gs) kinetics are a magnitude slower than photosynthesis (A), they are hypothesized to be key to plant productivity and water use efficiency. Using step-changes in light intensity, we studied the diversity of light-induced gs kinetics in relation to stomatal anatomy in five banana genotypes (Musa spp.) and modelled the impact on A and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE). Banana generally exhibited a strong limitation of A by gs, indicating a priority for water saving. Significant genotypic differences in gs kinetics and gs-based limitations of A were observed. For two contrasting genotypes the impact of differential gs kinetics on A and iWUE was further investigated under realistic diurnally fluctuating light conditions and at whole-plant level. Genotype-specific stomatal kinetics observed at the leaf level were corroborated at whole-plant level, suggesting that despite differences in gs control at different locations in the leaf and across leaves, genotype-specific responses are still maintained. However, under diurnally fluctuating light conditions gs speediness had only a momentary impact on the diurnal iWUE and carbon gain. During the afternoon there was a setback in kinetics: the absolute gs and the gs responses to light were damped, strongly limiting A and the diurnal iWUE. We conclude that the impact of the differential gs kinetics on the limitation of A was dependent on the target light intensity, the magnitude of change, the gs prior to the intensity change and particularly the time of the day.One sentence summaryGenotype-specific stomatal rapidity is for the first time validated at whole-plant level, but under fluctuating light the impact of stomatal dynamics depends on other factors like the time of the day.

Emotions and health: The impact of emotions, emotions regulation, music, and acculturation on health

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Bongard ◽  
Volker Hodapp ◽  
Sonja Rohrmann
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Anger Expression ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Cardiovascular Stress ◽  
Expression Behavior ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Our unit investigates the relationship of emotional processes (experience, expression, and coping), their physiological correlates and possible health outcomes. We study domain specific anger expression behavior and associated cardio-vascular loads and found e.g. that particularly an open anger expression at work is associated with greater blood pressure. Furthermore, we demonstrated that women may be predisposed for the development of certain mental disorders because of their higher disgust sensitivity. We also pointed out that the suppression of negative emotions leads to increased physiological stress responses which results in a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases. We could show that relaxation as well as music activity like singing in a choir causes increases in the local immune parameter immunoglobuline A. Finally, we are investigating connections between migrants’ strategy of acculturation and health and found e.g. elevated cardiovascular stress responses in migrants when they where highly adapted to the German culture.

Exploring the Impact of Constraints and Uncertainty on Consumer Emotions and Coping

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Venugopal ◽  
Huimin Ru ◽  
Madhu Viswanathan
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Emotions ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Impact

Psychosomatic Features, Compliance and Complementary Therapies in Rheumatoid Arthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-223
Author(s):  
Rostislav A. Grekhov ◽  
Galina P. Suleimanova ◽  
Andrei S. Trofimenko ◽  
Liudmila N. Shilova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Interventions ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Regulation Of Emotion ◽  
The Impact

This review highlights the issue of psychosomatic conditions in rheumatoid arthritis, paying special attention to new researches and trends in this field. Emerging concepts in all the major parts of the problem are covered consecutively, from the impact of chronic musculoskeletal pain on the emotional state to disease influence over quality of life, socio-psychological, and interpersonal relationships. Chronic pain is closely related to emotional responses and coping ability, with a pronounced positive effect of psychotherapeutic interventions, family and social support on it. Psychosexual disorders, anxiety, depression also commonly coexist with rheumatoid arthritis, leading to further decrease in quality of life, low compliance, and high suicide risk. Influence of psychosomatic conditions on the overall treatment effect is usually underestimated by rheumatologists and general practitioners. Psychosomatic considerations are of great importance for up-to-date management of rheumatoid arthritis, as they strongly influence the quality of life, compliance, and thereby disease outcomes. Two major approaches of psychological rehabilitation exist, both coping with pain through the regulation of emotion and psychotherapeutic intervention, which not only helps patients in coping with the disease, but also aimed at improving the overall adaptation of the patient. It includes techniques of relaxation, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and biofeedback therapy. Current data about the efficacy of the additional correcting therapies for patients with rheumatoid arthritis, both emerging and common ones, are discussed in the review.

scholarly journals Delivering an efficient and effective support group for patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs): patient perspectives of key concerns and predictors of inclination to attend

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Murray ◽  
Kelly Buttigieg ◽  
Michelle Todd ◽  
Vicky McKechnie
Keyword(s):  
Support Groups ◽  
Support Group ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators ◽  
Cardioverter Defibrillator ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Patients Experience ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cardioverter Defibrillators ◽  
Patient Concerns

Abstract Background A subset of patients experience psychological distress following insertion of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) and ICD support groups are recommended, however access to these groups is limited. This study aimed: to gauge a better understanding of patients’ key ICD-related concerns; to determine patient interest in a support group and topics deemed helpful to address in a support group; and to examine factors which affect patient inclination to attend. Methods One hundred and thirty nine patients completed the ICD Patient Concerns Questionnaire – Brief (ICDC-B) and a semi-structured survey. Non-parametric tests were used to examine associations and differences in the quantitative data. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results 42% of respondents said they would attend a support group and inclination to attend was associated with higher ICD concerns and a shorter time since implant. Topics considered important to address in a group were information about heart conditions and devices, the impact of an ICD on daily life and coping with fear of shocks. Conclusion We concluded that there is interest in further support amongst many patients and that ICD support groups may be delivered efficiently by targeting patients who have higher levels of ICD concerns and within the first few years after implant.

Exploratory Controlled Study of the Impact of a Hypnosis-Based Intervention on the Couple’s Communication and Coping in the Context of Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Charlotte Grégoire ◽  
Marie-Elisabeth Faymonville ◽  
Audrey Vanhaudenhuyse ◽  
Vanessa Charland-Verville ◽  
Guy Jerusalem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Study ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Reducing Loneliness: The Impact of Mindfulness, Social Cognitions, and Coping

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412199777
Author(s):  
Robin Besse ◽  
Whitney K. Whitaker ◽  
Laura A. Brannon
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Social Cognitions ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Coping Behaviors ◽  
Current Health ◽  
Current State ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

While many facets of loneliness have been explored, research examining the efficacy of loneliness interventions has been overlooked among young adults. The study of loneliness among young adults has become increasingly important considering the current state of isolation and stay-at-home orders issued to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Preliminary reports suggest an increase in loneliness as a result of the current health pandemic, especially among young adults, who have reported feeling lonelier than any other age group. Such findings warrant the study of ways to help reduce loneliness among young adults. The current study examined the efficacy of strategies that might be used to help young adults manage feelings of loneliness. Two hundred and seventy-eight young adults completed the study. Participants read one of four messages: mindfulness, social cognitions, coping behaviors, or a control. Participants in the mindfulness condition felt better equipped to manage future instances of loneliness and held better attitudes toward this intervention. The current research helps to advance understanding of effective ways of helping young adults cope with loneliness.

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