scholarly journals TaClpS1, Negatively Regulates Wheat Resistance Against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Yang ◽  
Md Ashraful Islam ◽  
Kunyan Cai ◽  
Shuxin Tian ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Transit Peptide ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Chloroplast Transit Peptide

Abstract Background: The degradation of intracellular proteins plays an essential role in plant responses to stressful environments. ClpS1 and E3 ubiquitin ligase function as adaptors for selecting target substrates in caseinolytic peptidase (Clp) proteases pathways and the 26S proteasome system, respectively. Currently, the role of E3 ubiquitin ligase in the plant immune response to pathogens is well defined. However, the role of ClpS1 in the plant immune response to pathogens remains unknown. Results: Here, wheat (Triticum aestivum) ClpS1 (TaClpS1) was studied and resulted to encode 161 amino acids, containing a conserved ClpS domain and a chloroplast transit peptide (1-32 aa). TaClpS1 was found to be specifically localized in the chloroplast when expressed transiently in wheat protoplasts. The transcript level of TaClpS1 in wheat was significantly induced during infection by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). Knockdown of TaClpS1 via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) resulted in an increase in wheat resistance against Pst, accompanied by an increase in the hypersensitive response (HR), accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expression of TaPR1 and TaPR2, and a reduction in the number of haustoria, length of infection hypha and infection area of Pst. Furthermore, heterologous expression of TaClpS1 in Nicotiana benthamiana enhanced the infection by Phytophthora parasitica. Conclusions: These results suggest that TaClpS1 negatively regulates the resistance of wheat to Pst.

scholarly journals TaClpS1, Negatively Regulates Wheat Resistance Against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Yang ◽  
Md Ashraful Islam ◽  
Kunyan Cai ◽  
Shuxin Tian ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Transit Peptide ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Chloroplast Transit Peptide

Abstract Background: The degradation of intracellular proteins plays an essential role in plant responses to stressful environments. ClpS1 and E3 ubiquitin ligase function as adaptors for selecting target substrates in caseinolytic peptidase (Clp) proteases pathways and the 26S proteasome system, respectively. Currently, the role of E3 ubiquitin ligase in the plant immune response to pathogens is well defined. However, the role of ClpS1 in the plant immune response to pathogens remains unknown. Results: Here, we identified and characterized wheat (Triticum aestivum) ClpS1 (TaClpS1). TaClpS1 encoded 161 amino acids, contained a conserved ClpS domain and a chloroplast transit peptide (1-32 aa). TaClpS1 was found to be specifically localized in the chloroplast when expressed transiently in wheat protoplasts. The transcript level of TaClpS1 in wheat was significantly induced during infection by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). Knock-down of TaClpS1 via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) resulted in an increase in resistance against Pst, accompanied by an increase in the hypersensitive response (HR), accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expression of TaPR1 and TaPR2, and a reduction in the growth of Pst. Furthermore, heterologous expression of TaClpS1 in Nicotiana benthamiana enhanced the infection by Phytophthora parasitica. Conclusions: These results suggest that TaClpS1 negatively regulates the resistance of wheat to Pst.

scholarly journals TaClpS1, Negatively Regulates Wheat Resistance Against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Yang ◽  
Md Ashraful Islam ◽  
Kunyan Cai ◽  
Shuxin Tian ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Transit Peptide ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Chloroplast Transit Peptide

Abstract Background: The degradation of intracellular proteins plays an essential role in plant responses to stressful environments. ClpS1 and E3 ubiquitin ligase function as adaptors for selecting target substrates in caseinolytic peptidase (Clp) proteases pathways and the 26S proteasome system, respectively. Currently, the role of E3 ubiquitin ligase in the plant immune response to pathogens is well defined. However, the role of ClpS1 in the plant immune response to pathogens remains unknown. Results: Here, wheat (Triticum aestivum) ClpS1 (TaClpS1) was studied and resulted to encode 161 amino acids, containing a conserved ClpS domain and a chloroplast transit peptide (1-32 aa). TaClpS1 was found to be specifically localized in the chloroplast when expressed transiently in wheat protoplasts. The transcript level of TaClpS1 in wheat was significantly induced during infection by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). Knockdown of TaClpS1 via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) resulted in an increase in wheat resistance against Pst, accompanied by an increase in the hypersensitive response (HR), accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expression of TaPR1 and TaPR2, and a reduction in the number of haustoria, length of infection hypha and infection area of Pst. Furthermore, heterologous expression of TaClpS1 in Nicotiana benthamiana enhanced the infection by Phytophthora parasitica. Conclusions: These results suggest that TaClpS1 negatively regulates the resistance of wheat to Pst.

scholarly journals TaClpS1, Negatively Regulates Wheat Resistance Against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Yang ◽  
Md Ashraful Islam ◽  
Kunyan Cai ◽  
Shuxin Tian ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Transit Peptide ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Chloroplast Transit Peptide

Abstract Background: The degradation of intracellular proteins plays an essential role in plant responses to stressful environments. ClpS1 and E3 ubiquitin ligase function as adaptors for selecting target substrates in caseinolytic peptidase (Clp) proteases pathways and the 26S proteasome system, respectively. Currently, the role of E3 ubiquitin ligase in the plant immune response to pathogens is well defined. However, the role of ClpS1 in the plant immune response to pathogens remains unknown. Results: Here, wheat (Triticum aestivum) ClpS1 (TaClpS1) was studied and resulted to encode 161 amino acids, containing a conserved ClpS domain and a chloroplast transit peptide (1-32 aa). TaClpS1 was found to be specifically localized in the chloroplast when expressed transiently in wheat protoplasts. The transcript level of TaClpS1 in wheat was significantly induced during infection by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). Knockdown of TaClpS1 via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) resulted in an increase in wheat resistance against Pst, accompanied by an increase in the hypersensitive response (HR), accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expression of TaPR1 and TaPR2, and a reduction in the number of haustoria, length of infection hypha and infection area of Pst. Furthermore, heterologous expression of TaClpS1 in Nicotiana benthamiana enhanced the infection by Phytophthora parasitica. Conclusions: These results suggest that TaClpS1 negatively regulates the resistance of wheat to Pst.

scholarly journals TaClpS1, negatively regulates wheat resistance against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Yang ◽  
Md Ashraful Islam ◽  
Kunyan Cai ◽  
Shuxin Tian ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Transit Peptide ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Chloroplast Transit Peptide

Abstract Background The degradation of intracellular proteins plays an essential role in plant responses to stressful environments. ClpS1 and E3 ubiquitin ligase function as adaptors for selecting target substrates in caseinolytic peptidase (Clp) proteases pathways and the 26S proteasome system, respectively. Currently, the role of E3 ubiquitin ligase in the plant immune response to pathogens is well defined. However, the role of ClpS1 in the plant immune response to pathogens remains unknown. Results Here, wheat (Triticum aestivum) ClpS1 (TaClpS1) was studied and resulted to encode 161 amino acids, containing a conserved ClpS domain and a chloroplast transit peptide (1–32 aa). TaClpS1 was found to be specifically localized in the chloroplast when expressed transiently in wheat protoplasts. The transcript level of TaClpS1 in wheat was significantly induced during infection by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). Knockdown of TaClpS1 via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) resulted in an increase in wheat resistance against Pst, accompanied by an increase in the hypersensitive response (HR), accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expression of TaPR1 and TaPR2, and a reduction in the number of haustoria, length of infection hypha and infection area of Pst. Furthermore, heterologous expression of TaClpS1 in Nicotiana benthamiana enhanced the infection by Phytophthora parasitica. Conclusions These results suggest that TaClpS1 negatively regulates the resistance of wheat to Pst.

scholarly journals TaClpS1, Negatively Regulates Wheat Resistance Against Puccinia Striiformis f. sp. Tritici

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Yang ◽  
Kunyan Cai ◽  
Shuxin Tian ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Zhensheng Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Transit Peptide ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Chloroplast Transit Peptide ◽  
Clp Proteases

Abstract Background The degradation of intracellular proteins plays an essential role in plant responses to stressful environments. ClpS1 and ubiquitin ligases (E3) function as adaptors for selecting target substrates in caseinolytic peptidase (Clp) proteases pathways and the 26S proteasome system, respectively. Currently, the role of E3 in the plant immune response to pathogens is well defined. However, the role of ClpS1 in the plant immune response to pathogens remains unknown. Results Here, we identified and characterized wheat ClpS1 (TaClpS1). TaClpS1 encoded 161 amino acids, contained a conserved ClpS domain and a chloroplast transit peptide (1–32 aa). TaClpS1 was found to be specifically localized in the chloroplast when expressed transiently in wheat protoplasts. The transcript level of TaClpS1 in wheat was significantly induced during infection by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). Knock-down of TaClpS1 via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) resulted in an increase in resistance against Pst, accompanied by an increase in the hypersensitive response (HR), accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expression of TaPR1 and TaPR2, and a reduction in the growth of Pst. Furthermore, heterologous expression of TaClpS1 in Nicotiana benthamiana enhanced the infection by Phytophthora parasitica. Conclusions These results suggest that TaClpS1 negatively regulates the resistance of wheat to Pst.

scholarly journals Programmed chloroplast destruction during leaf senescence involves 13-lipoxygenase (13-LOX)

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (12) ◽  
pp. 3383-3388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Springer ◽  
ChulHee Kang ◽  
Sachin Rustgi ◽  
Diter von Wettstein ◽  
Christiane Reinbothe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Transit Peptide ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Pathogen Defense ◽  
Chloroplast Transit Peptide ◽  
Selective Destruction ◽  
Plastid Envelope ◽  
Volatile Aldehydes

Leaf senescence is the terminal stage in the development of perennial plants. Massive physiological changes occur that lead to the shut down of photosynthesis and a cessation of growth. Leaf senescence involves the selective destruction of the chloroplast as the site of photosynthesis. Here, we show that 13-lipoxygenase (13-LOX) accomplishes a key role in the destruction of chloroplasts in senescing plants and propose a critical role of its NH2-terminal chloroplast transit peptide. The 13-LOX enzyme identified here accumulated in the plastid envelope and catalyzed the dioxygenation of unsaturated membrane fatty acids, leading to a selective destruction of the chloroplast and the release of stromal constituents. Because 13-LOX pathway products comprise compounds involved in insect deterrence and pathogen defense (volatile aldehydes and oxylipins), a mechanism of unmolested nitrogen and carbon relocation is suggested that occurs from leaves to seeds and roots during fall.

Activation mechanisms of the E3 ubiquitin ligase parkin

2017 ◽  
Vol 474 (18) ◽  
pp. 3075-3086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil Panicker ◽  
Valina L. Dawson ◽  
Ted M. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Mitochondrial Damage ◽  
Cytosolic Protein ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions ◽  
Activation Mechanisms

Monogenetic, familial forms of Parkinson's disease (PD) only account for 5–10% of the total number of PD cases, but analysis of the genes involved therein is invaluable to understanding PD-associated neurodegenerative signaling. One such gene, parkin, encodes a 465 amino acid E3 ubiquitin ligase. Of late, there has been considerable interest in the role of parkin signaling in PD and in identifying its putative substrates, as well as the elucidation of the mechanisms through which parkin itself is activated. Its dysfunction underlies both inherited and idiopathic PD-associated neurodegeneration. Here, we review recent literature that provides a model of activation of parkin in the setting of mitochondrial damage that involves PINK1 (PTEN-induced kinase-1) and phosphoubiquitin. We note that neuronal parkin is primarily a cytosolic protein (with various non-mitochondrial functions), and discuss potential cytosolic parkin activation mechanisms.

Vps13D functions in a Pink1-dependent and Parkin-independent mitophagy pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 220 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Shen ◽  
Tina M. Fortier ◽  
Ruoxi Wang ◽  
Eric H. Baehrecke
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Mitochondrial Morphology ◽  
The Core ◽  
Mitochondrial Defects ◽  
Mutant Cells

Defects in autophagy cause problems in metabolism, development, and disease. The autophagic clearance of mitochondria, mitophagy, is impaired by the loss of Vps13D. Here, we discover that Vps13D regulates mitophagy in a pathway that depends on the core autophagy machinery by regulating Atg8a and ubiquitin localization. This process is Pink1 dependent, with loss of pink1 having similar autophagy and mitochondrial defects as loss of vps13d. The role of Pink1 has largely been studied in tandem with Park/Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is widely considered to be crucial in Pink1-dependent mitophagy. Surprisingly, we find that loss of park does not exhibit the same autophagy and mitochondrial deficiencies as vps13d and pink1 mutant cells and contributes to mitochondrial clearance through a pathway that is parallel to vps13d. These findings provide a Park-independent pathway for Pink1-regulated mitophagy and help to explain how Vps13D regulates autophagy and mitochondrial morphology and contributes to neurodegenerative diseases.

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