scholarly journals The Effect of Conventional Versus Electronic Cigarette Use on Treatment Outcomes of Peri-Implant Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reham AL Jasser ◽  
Mohammed Zahid ◽  
Mohammed Al Sarhan
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background: Treatment outcomes associated with the peri-implant diseases are significantly influenced by individual habits. Several studies identified smoking as one of the important risk factors associated with ineffective treatment outcomes. The present study aims to compare changes in periodontal clinical parameters between conventional and electronic cigarette smokers with non-smokers. It further evaluates changes of salivary inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1 β, IL-6, MMP-8 and TIMP1) after treating peri-implantitis. Participants were divided into three groups: conventional cigarette smokers, E-smokers and non-smokers; each consisting of 20 participants. Results: Findings of the study indicated that the change in gingival color from red to pink is significantly higher in cigarette smokers and non-smokers when compared with electronic smokers (p=0.043). The gingival consistent changed to be firm in cigarettes smokers and non-smokers. The prevalence of PI, BOP and PD it has reduced across the groups of cigarette and smokers over the four intervals of observation. Besides, no statistically significant difference with the means values of KTW. The level of MMP-8 at baseline of three groups had reduced but increased marginally at sixth month and at the completion of one year among cigarette and e-smokers. The mean IL-6 values had significantly reduced, except for electronic smoking. The IL-1 β values had significantly increased in all groups. The increase of TIMP-1 values in non-smokers is higher at all the three-time points. Conclusion: All clinical parameters show enhancement post treatment. However, salivary biological biomarkers (MMP-8, IL-1 β and IL-6) have shown a decline in all groups treated.

Electronic cigarette use among Italian smokers: patterns, settings, and adverse events

2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-240
Author(s):  
Silvano Gallus ◽  
Elisa Borroni ◽  
Xiaoqiu Liu ◽  
Laura Carrozzi ◽  
Gianfranco Dalla Pietra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Smoking Cessation Services ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vape Shops

Objective: Information is scanty on the patterns and settings of electronic cigarette use and on its possible adverse events. To fill the knowledge gap on these issues, we conducted a survey among ever-smokers attending smoking cessation services (SCS) in Italy. Methods: In 2016–2018, we enrolled 395 ever-smokers aged ⩾18 years who were current or former electronic cigarette users in 12 SCS from northern, central, and southern Italy. Results: In all, 12.4% of ever smokers were regular, 9.4% occasional, and 78.2% past users of electronic cigarettes. Of all users, 93.8% consumed electronic cigarettes with nicotine, 95.9% used refillable devices, and 76.6% purchased electronic cigarette devices or liquids in vape shops. The mean duration of use was 3.7 months and the mean number of puffs per day was 86. Among users, 71.5% used electronic cigarettes in at least 1 smoke-free indoor environment, 53.7% in workplaces, 49.5% in restaurants and bars, 33.5% in train/metro stations or airports, and 18.4% in public transports. The use of electronic cigarettes in smoke-free environments significantly decreased with age and increased with duration of use and nicotine dependence. In our sample, 47.1% reported at least 1 adverse event attributable to electronic cigarette use: 19.5% dry cough, 12.0% dry mouth, 7.6% throat or mouth irritation, and 6.8% sore throat. Conclusion: In Italy, most conventional cigarette smokers use electronic cigarettes where smoking conventional cigarettes is prohibited. About half of users reported 1 or more symptoms attributable to electronic cigarettes, despite the relatively short duration of use.

scholarly journals The effect of conventional versus electronic cigarette use on treatment outcomes of peri-implant disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reham AlJasser ◽  
Mohammed Zahid ◽  
Mohammed AlSarhan ◽  
Dalal AlOtaibi ◽  
Saleh AlOraini
Keyword(s):  
Study Groups ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
One Year

Abstract Aim To compare changes in clinical periodontal parameters (gingival consistency, colour, BOP, PI, PD) and changes of salivary inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1 β, IL-6, MMP-8, TNF- α and TIMP-1 between conventional, electronic cigarette smokers and non-smokers after peri-implant treatment. Methods Study participants were grouped into three groups (i) Conventional cigarette smokers (ii) Electronic cigarette smokers and (iii) non-smokers respectively. A total of 60 adult patients aged (40–56 years) with 60 implants with active per-impantitis was included.Clinical and Biological parameters were evaluated before surgical treatment at baseline, one, six and twelve month post treatment. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to compare the distribution of the categorical while Two-way repeated analysis of variance was used to compare the mean values of quantitative outcome variables among all study groups across the 4 time points. Results A total of 60 subjects (60 implants) were selected and classified into three groups as per their smoking method 20 participants in each group with one single targeted implant diagnosis with active peri-implantitis. The gingival colour, the change was statistically significant at one year of post treatment.The gingival consistency distribution across the three groups is not statistically significant at baseline, but it is statistically significant at one-month (p = 0.001), six months (p = 0.029) and at the completion of one-year (p = 0.018) post treatment. The plaque index of 100% of non-smokers had changed to ‘0’ and 35% change in cigarettes and 30% change in electronic smokers which is statistically significant (p = 0.016).The prevalence of BOP was observed in the three groups as 72%, 76.5% and 88.9% at baseline. The mean values of PD have shown statistically significant change across the three groups over the four-time intervals of observation (p = 0.024). The comparison of mean values of IL-1 β, IL-6 and TIMP-1 has shown statistically significant change across the three groups over the four intervals of observation (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Electronic cigarette smoking was found to be most prevalent risk indicator for peri-implantitis. Compromised response of peri-implantitis treatment both clinically and biologically was found more among electronic cigarette smokers when compared to conventional cigarette smokers and non-smokers. Trial registration: This case-control study was conducted at King Saud University’s Dental College, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in accordance with “Helsinki Declaration of Human Studies” and approved by the Institutional Review Board (Reference no: 87563).

scholarly journals The Adjunctive Use of the Erbium, Chromium: Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet Laser in Closed Flap Periodontal Therapy. A Retrospective Cohort Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 298-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Al-Falaki ◽  
Mark Cronshaw ◽  
Steven Parker
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Objectives: The current periodontal literature has been inconsistent in finding an added advantage to using lasers in periodontal therapy. The aim of this study was to compare treatment outcomes following root surface instrumentation alone (NL group), or with adjunctive use of Erbium, Chromium: Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser (L group). Material and Methods: Patients diagnosed with generalized chronic periodontitis, having a minimum of 1 year follow up were selected by a blinded party for inclusion in a retrospective analysis from patients treated prior to and after integration of laser in a single clinic setting. Probing depths (PD) of all sites ≥5 mm and full mouth bleeding scores were analyzed. Further analysis was carried out on the treatment outcomes of only the molar teeth and of pockets >6mm. Results: 53 patients were included (25 NL,28 L). There was no significant difference between baseline PDs (NL=6.19mm, L=6.27mm, range 5-11mm). The mean PD after one year was 2.83mm (NL) 2.45mm (L), with the mean PD reductions being 3.35mm (NL) and 3.82mm (L) (p<0.002). The mean PD reduction for the molars were 3.32mm (NL) and 3.86mm (L) (p< 0.007), and for ≥7mm group were 4.75mm (NL) compared to 5.14mm (L) (p< 0.009). There was significantly less bleeding on probing in the laser group after one year (p<0.001) Conclusion: Both treatment modalities were effective in treating chronic periodontitis, but the added use of laser may have advantages, particularly in molar tooth sites and deeper pockets. Further research with RCTs is needed to test this hypothesis further.

Factors Associated With Concurrent Cigarette and Electronic Cigarette Use in U.S. Adults

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Pulvers ◽  
R.B. Hayes ◽  
T.S. Scheuermann ◽  
D.R. Romero ◽  
A.S. Emami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Thermoregulation in colonies of africanized and hybrids with Caucasian, Italian and Carniolan Apis mellifera honey bees

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vagner de Alencar Arnaut de Toledo ◽  
Regina Helena Nogueira-Couto
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Internal Temperature ◽  
Africanized Honey Bees ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Brood Nest

This experiment was carried out to study the internal temperature regulation of a colony of Africanized honey bees (AFR), compared with hybrid Caucasian (CAU), Italian (ITA), and Carniolan (CAR) bees, during the period of one year and different size hives located in a sub-tropical region. The instant internal temperature, 33.7 ± 1.5° C for the AFR, 33.5 ± 1.4° C for the CAU, 33.7 ± 1.5° C for the ITA and 33.8 ± 1.4° C for the CAR, did not show any significant difference (P>0.05). The maximum temperature (36.1 ± 2.3° C) was statistically different (P<0.05) from the minimum (27.6 ± 5.3° C). There was no difference (P>0.05) in the mean internal temperature, between the nucleus (31.7 ± 6.3° C) and the brood nest (32.1 ± 5.3° C) measured between two and four o'clock in the afternoon.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Electronic Cigarette Use among Young Adults: The French “Trajectoires EpidéMiologiques en POpulation” (TEMPO) Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 964-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hala Aljandaleh ◽  
Camille Bolze ◽  
Fabienne El-Khoury Lesueur ◽  
Maria Melchior ◽  
Murielle Mary-Krause
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Glaucoma characteristics evaluation in myopia – A clinical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
Helen Rosita J ◽  
Gnanaselvan J ◽  
Amudhavadivu S ◽  
Anna Kurian Mullasseril
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Intra Ocular Pressure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Ocular Pressure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Degree

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness, one of the risk factor recognised being high myopia. Intra ocular pressure may be normal in myopic patients, with optic nerve head glaucoma characteristics. Eye ball elongation and optic nerve head tilting may be present in patients with high myopia that will represent field defects mimicking glaucoma. Treating patients with myopia having suspected aspects of glaucoma may be a challenge but even more challenging is the diagnosis of glaucoma in myopic patients.: To evaluate the association of glaucoma features with myopia. To create the awareness regarding the long term follow up.: Patients in the age group of 15 to 45 years who had attended our institution over a period of one year who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were subjected for this study. Fifty four patients who were diagnosed to have moderate or high degree myopia were selected for this analytical study. They were subjected to vision, ocular examination, tonometry and results obtained were analysed.: In our study moderate myopes constituted 55.5% and high myopes were 44.5%. The mean Intra ocular pressure and the mean corrected Intra ocular pressure in high myopes were observed to be higher than in moderate myopia. It was observed that higher prevalence of glaucoma was observed in high myopes.: There is a clinically as well as statistically significant difference between mean Intra ocular pressure and mean corrected Intra ocular pressure. So mean corrected Intra ocular pressure should be measured .From our study, there is a clear indication that there is increased prevalence of glaucoma in high myopes.

Outcomes of conbercept therapy for choroidal neovascularization secondary to pathological myopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 210-213
Author(s):  
Zheng-Feng Liu ◽  
◽  
Da-Dong Guo ◽  
Mei-Hua Ding ◽  
Hong-Sheng Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choroidal Neovascularization ◽  
Fundus Fluorescein Angiography ◽  
Pathological Myopia ◽  
Foveal Thickness ◽  
Central Foveal Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

AIM: To evaluate the one-year outcome of intravitreal conbercept injections for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization secondary to pathological myopia (pm-CNV) by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). METHODS: The medical records of 26 consecutive eyes of 23 patients who received intravitreal injections of conbercept for pm-CNV with a follow-up of one year were retrospectively reviewed. All the patients were diagnosed by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and OCTA at the first visit. All approaches were performed as “1+PRN” treatment. Outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central foveal thickness (CFT) and the mean CNV area by OCTA. RESULTS: Mean Logarithm BCVA improved from (0.66±0.51) at baseline to (0.39±0.38) at one year (t=3.528, P=0.004). The CFT before treatment and after one year after were 275.08±48.74) μm and (205.15±43.74) μm respectively (t=4.630, P=0.001). The mean pm-CNV areas before treatment and after one year treatment were (0.48±0.24) mm2 and (0.15±0.11) mm2 respectively, with a significant difference among them (t=5.329, P=0.000). Twenty-one eyes had no needs after the first treatment. Four eyes received 2 injections and only one eye received 3 injections. No severe adverse events were noted relevant to the therapy. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal conbercept can improve the vision and relieve CFT and CNV area for the treatment of pm-CNV with “1+PRN” by OCTA for one year, however, long-term follow-up still need to be performed.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with E-Cigarette Use in U.S. Young Adult Never Smokers of Conventional Cigarettes: A Machine Learning Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7271
Author(s):  
Nkiruka C. Atuegwu ◽  
Cheryl Oncken ◽  
Reinhard C. Laubenbacher ◽  
Mario F. Perez ◽  
Eric M. Mortensen
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Never Smokers

E-cigarette use is increasing among young adult never smokers of conventional cigarettes, but the awareness of the factors associated with e-cigarette use in this population is limited. The goal of this work was to use machine learning (ML) algorithms to determine the factors associated with current e-cigarette use among US young adult never cigarette smokers. Young adult (18–34 years) never cigarette smokers from the 2016 and 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) who reported current or never e-cigarette use were used for the analysis (n = 79,539). Variables associated with current e-cigarette use were selected by two ML algorithms (Boruta and Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)). Odds ratios were calculated to determine the association between e-cigarette use and the variables selected by the ML algorithms, after adjusting for age, gender and race/ethnicity and incorporating the BRFSS complex design. The prevalence of e-cigarette use varied across states. Factors previously reported in the literature, such as age, race/ethnicity, alcohol use, depression, as well as novel factors associated with e-cigarette use, such as disabilities, obesity, history of diabetes and history of arthritis were identified. These results can be used to generate further hypotheses for research, increase public awareness and help provide targeted e-cigarette education.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document