Electronic cigarette use among Italian smokers: patterns, settings, and adverse events

2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-240
Author(s):  
Silvano Gallus ◽  
Elisa Borroni ◽  
Xiaoqiu Liu ◽  
Laura Carrozzi ◽  
Gianfranco Dalla Pietra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Smoking Cessation Services ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vape Shops

Objective: Information is scanty on the patterns and settings of electronic cigarette use and on its possible adverse events. To fill the knowledge gap on these issues, we conducted a survey among ever-smokers attending smoking cessation services (SCS) in Italy. Methods: In 2016–2018, we enrolled 395 ever-smokers aged ⩾18 years who were current or former electronic cigarette users in 12 SCS from northern, central, and southern Italy. Results: In all, 12.4% of ever smokers were regular, 9.4% occasional, and 78.2% past users of electronic cigarettes. Of all users, 93.8% consumed electronic cigarettes with nicotine, 95.9% used refillable devices, and 76.6% purchased electronic cigarette devices or liquids in vape shops. The mean duration of use was 3.7 months and the mean number of puffs per day was 86. Among users, 71.5% used electronic cigarettes in at least 1 smoke-free indoor environment, 53.7% in workplaces, 49.5% in restaurants and bars, 33.5% in train/metro stations or airports, and 18.4% in public transports. The use of electronic cigarettes in smoke-free environments significantly decreased with age and increased with duration of use and nicotine dependence. In our sample, 47.1% reported at least 1 adverse event attributable to electronic cigarette use: 19.5% dry cough, 12.0% dry mouth, 7.6% throat or mouth irritation, and 6.8% sore throat. Conclusion: In Italy, most conventional cigarette smokers use electronic cigarettes where smoking conventional cigarettes is prohibited. About half of users reported 1 or more symptoms attributable to electronic cigarettes, despite the relatively short duration of use.

scholarly journals The Effect of Conventional Versus Electronic Cigarette Use on Treatment Outcomes of Peri-Implant Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reham AL Jasser ◽  
Mohammed Zahid ◽  
Mohammed Al Sarhan
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background: Treatment outcomes associated with the peri-implant diseases are significantly influenced by individual habits. Several studies identified smoking as one of the important risk factors associated with ineffective treatment outcomes. The present study aims to compare changes in periodontal clinical parameters between conventional and electronic cigarette smokers with non-smokers. It further evaluates changes of salivary inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1 β, IL-6, MMP-8 and TIMP1) after treating peri-implantitis. Participants were divided into three groups: conventional cigarette smokers, E-smokers and non-smokers; each consisting of 20 participants. Results: Findings of the study indicated that the change in gingival color from red to pink is significantly higher in cigarette smokers and non-smokers when compared with electronic smokers (p=0.043). The gingival consistent changed to be firm in cigarettes smokers and non-smokers. The prevalence of PI, BOP and PD it has reduced across the groups of cigarette and smokers over the four intervals of observation. Besides, no statistically significant difference with the means values of KTW. The level of MMP-8 at baseline of three groups had reduced but increased marginally at sixth month and at the completion of one year among cigarette and e-smokers. The mean IL-6 values had significantly reduced, except for electronic smoking. The IL-1 β values had significantly increased in all groups. The increase of TIMP-1 values in non-smokers is higher at all the three-time points. Conclusion: All clinical parameters show enhancement post treatment. However, salivary biological biomarkers (MMP-8, IL-1 β and IL-6) have shown a decline in all groups treated.

Effects of Electronic Cigarette Liquid Flavors and Modified Risk Messages on Perceptions and Subjective Effects of E-Cigarettes

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose S. Bono ◽  
Andrew J. Barnes ◽  
Rebecca C. Lester ◽  
Caroline O. Cobb
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Carcinogen Exposure

Understanding how two characteristics—flavors and modified risk messages—affect perceptions and subjective effects of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) can inform tobacco control efforts. In two within-subjects studies ( N = 17 and N = 19), the effects of e-cigarette flavors (tobacco vs. menthol and unflavored vs. cherry) and hypothetical modified risk messages (“reduced harm relative to cigarettes” vs. no message and “reduced carcinogen exposure relative to cigarettes” vs. no message) on cigarette smokers’ perceptions of e-cigarettes were measured after participants self-administered condition-specific products (own-brand cigarettes; e-cigarettes). Perceptions/subjective effects were tested using linear mixed-effects regressions. Cigarettes were perceived as most harmful but rated more positively than e-cigarettes ( ps < .05). Cherry and menthol e-cigarettes increased perceived pleasantness, taste, and physical sensations compared with unflavored and tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes, respectively ( ps < .05). Modified risk messages were associated with reduced ratings of aversive effects ( ps < .05) but not harm perceptions. Overall, few perceptions/subjective effects differed by e-cigarette flavor or message. Flavors and messages may have some influence on how smokers experience e-cigarettes.

Workplace smoke-free policies that allow heated tobacco products and electronic cigarettes use are associated with use of both these products and conventional tobacco smoking: the 2018 JASTIS study

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-055465
Author(s):  
Yanakawee Siripongvutikorn ◽  
Takahiro Tabuchi ◽  
Sumiyo Okawa
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Adjusted Rate ◽  
Rate Ratios

ObjectivesHeated tobacco products (HTPs) and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are rapidly gaining popularity, especially in Japan. However, at the time of the survey (2018), there was no national legislation banning HTPs or e-cigarette use in the workplace. The objective is to examine the current situation for workplace smoke-free policies which ban the use of HTPs/e-cigarettes and the associations of such rules with the use of HTP and e-cigarette as well as conventional cigarette smoking.MethodsAn internet-based self-reported questionnaire survey was conducted in 2018 as a part of the Japan Society and New Tobacco Internet Survey study. 5646 eligible employees aged 15–72 years were analysed. Proportions and adjusted rate ratios for HTP and e-cigarette use were calculated according to covariates, using Poisson regression models. Those who reported HTP or e-cigarette use within 30 days were defined as current user of the products.ResultsIn workplaces which prohibited smoking indoors but permitted the use of HTPs/e-cigarettes, the rate ratios of HTP use was 2.19 (95% CI 1.57 to 3.06), e-cigarette use was 3.86 (95% CI 1.97 to 7.57) and combustible cigarette use was 1.67 (95% CI 1.19 to 2.34) when using workplaces which also prohibited HTPs/e-cigarettes as a reference category.ConclusionsWorkplaces that allow HTP/e-cigarette use indoors were associated with higher rate for HTP and e-cigarette users, and for combustible cigarette smokers. National legislation banning tobacco should be enforced and also cover HTPs and e-cigarettes in order to avoid renormalisation of smoking and nicotine addiction.

Socioeconomic Disparities in Electronic Cigarette Use and Transitions from Smoking

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1363-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail S Friedman ◽  
Samantha J L Horn
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Socioeconomic Disparities ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Representative Data ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Introduction Socioeconomic disparities have been established for conventional cigarette use, but not for electronic cigarettes. This study estimates socioeconomic gradients in exclusive use of conventional cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, and dual use (ie, use of both products) among adults in the United States. Methods Analyses consider nationally representative data on 25- to 54-year-old respondents to the 2014–2016 National Health Interview Surveys (N = 50306). Demographically adjusted seemingly unrelated regression models estimate how two socioeconomic status measures—respondent education and household income—relate to current exclusive use of conventional cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, and dual use. Results Conventional cigarette use exhibits negative education and income gradients, consistent with existing research: −12.9 percentage points (confidence interval [CI]: −14.0, −11.8) if college educated, and −9.5 percentage points (CI: −10.9, −8.1) if household income exceeds 400% of the federal poverty level. These gradients are flatter for dual use (−1.4 [CI: −1.8, −0.9] and −1.9 [CI: −2.5, −1.2]), and statistically insignificant for electronic cigarette use (−0.03 [CI: −0.5, 0.4] and −0.3 [CI: −0.8, −0.2]). Limiting the sample to ever-smokers, higher education is associated with a 0.9 percentage point increase in likelihood of exclusive electronic cigarette use at interview (CI: 0.0, 1.9). Conclusions Education and income gradients in exclusive electronic cigarette use are small and statistically insignificant, contrasting with strong negative gradients in exclusive conventional cigarette use. Furthermore, more educated smokers are more likely to switch to exclusive e-cigarette use than less educated smokers. Such differential switching may exacerbate socioeconomic disparities in smoking-related morbidity and mortality, but lower the burden of tobacco-related disease. Implications Research has not yet established whether socioeconomic disparities in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use resemble those observed for conventional cigarettes. This article uses nationally representative data on US adults aged 25–54 to estimate income and education gradients in exclusive use of conventional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and dual use. Both gradients are steep and negative for conventional cigarette use, but flat and statistically insignificant for e-cigarette use. Repeating the analysis among ever-smokers indicates that more educated smokers are more likely to transition toward exclusive e-cigarette use than less educated smokers. Such differential substitution may exacerbate disparities in smoking-related morbidity and mortality.

Secondhand smoke from electronic cigarette resulting in hypersensitivity pneumonitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. e233381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagis Galiatsatos ◽  
Erin Gomez ◽  
Cheng Ting Lin ◽  
Peter B Illei ◽  
Pali Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Diagnostic Investigation ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Cases of vaping-induced lung injury have increased in the USA, resulting in a heterogeneous collection of pneumonitis patterns in persons who used electronic cigarettes. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis has been documented in several cases of first-hand electronic cigarette use; however, secondhand smoke health-related consequences have not been fully understood. We present a case of the patient who developed hypersensitivity pneumonitis secondary to exposure to secondhand smoke from electronic cigarette. We summarise the presentation and diagnostic investigation, as well as the management of this case.

Nicotine and Cotinine Levels With Electronic Cigarette

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Marsot ◽  
N. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Cigarette ◽  
Nicotine Delivery ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Urge To Smoke ◽  
Reasons For Use

Background: Since their introduction in 2004, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have gained popularity worldwide. E-cigarettes are marketed as nicotine delivery devices. Commonly reported reasons for use include to quit smoking, to reduce urge to smoke, or the perceived lower risk alternative to smoking. But what are the actual amounts of nicotine delivered? Aim: This review summarizes all the published studies concerning nicotine or cotinine levels following e-cigarette use. Methods: A literature search was conducted from the PubMed database, from 1985 to January 2014, using the following terms: electronic cigarette(s), e-cigarette(s), electronic nicotine delivery system, cotinine, and nicotine. Articles were excluded if they were not pertinent according to our criteria. References of all relevant articles were also evaluated. Results: Eight studies were included in this review. The following information was extracted from the articles: population size, age of participants, recruitment, inclusion and exclusion criteria, concentration of nicotine in refills liquids, study sample design, and observed concentrations. Following design of studies, plasma nicotine Cmax was observed between 0 and 5 ng/mL (no significant changes) or between 13.9 and 16.3 ng/mL (similar to a tobacco cigarette) with a Tmax between 70 and 75 minutes. Cotinine levels after “vaping” an e-cigarette are similar to a tobacco cigarette. Conclusion: This review summarizes e-cigarette studies that contain information on nicotine or cotinine levels. The peak concentration of nicotine appears to be dependent on the use and dose level of e-cigarette cartridge. The value of this peak concentration is similar to the value found with a tobacco cigarette. However, the time corresponding to the peak concentration is delayed compared to a tobacco cigarette.

scholarly journals Youth Access to Electronic Cigarettes in an Unrestricted Market: a Cross-Sectional Study from Poland

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukasz Balwicki ◽  
Danielle Smith ◽  
Malgorzata Balwicka-Szczyrba ◽  
Michal Gawron PharmD ◽  
Andrzej Sobczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Technical Schools ◽  
School Based ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Vape Shops

Background: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among youth in Poland has become very popular. The aim of this study was to identify potential points of access to these products among students aged 16-17 before implementation of sales restrictions to minors in Poland in November 2016. Methods: A school-based, cross-sectional survey was administered in 2015-2016 in 21 secondary/technical schools across two regions of Poland. Analyses focused on 341 students aged 16-17 who reported past 30-day use of e-cigarettes. Pearson chi-square analyses were utilized to examine associations between access-related items, e-cigarette use, and demographics. Results: Among youth e-cigarette users, the most common access to their first e-cigarette was from a friend (38%), followed by purchasing from vape shops (26%). Similar patterns emerged when students were asked about the access to their currently used e-cigarette. Most youth reported no difficulty purchasing cartridges/e-liquid containing nicotine (90%); the majority of users (52%) reported buying such products in vape shops. Conclusions: Prior to implementing age-related sales restrictions, youth access to e-cigarettes and paraphernalia did not pose any significant barriers. Poland&rsquo;s introduction of a new age limit on e-cigarette sales may help limit the number of youth who purchase e-cigarettes from vape shops.

scholarly journals Comparing Factors Related to Any Conventional Cigarette Smokers, Exclusive New Alternative Product Users, and Non-Users among Japanese Youth: A Nationwide Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Kuwabara ◽  
Aya Kinjo ◽  
Maya Fujii ◽  
Aya Imamoto ◽  
Yoneatsu Osaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Alternative Product ◽  
Japanese Youth ◽  
The Impact

The impact of heated-tobacco-products (HTPs) and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) on youth is a controversial public health issue, as it is unknown whether alternative products result in more youth using such products or smoking. In Japan, e-cigarettes with nicotine are prohibited, but e-cigarettes without nicotine are available. HTPs are marketed as tobacco products. Within this unique context, we aimed to compare any conventional cigarette smokers (including those who also used alternative products) with exclusive users of alternative products and examine factors relating to their use in Japan. In 2017, 22,275 students in grades 7–9 (age 12–15) and 42,142 in grades 10–12 (age 15–18) nationwide were surveyed. Overall, 1.8% were current users of any of the three products over the last month. Multivariable analysis revealed that risk factors for alternative product use were the same as those for cigarette use. Among all users, exclusive new product users were more likely to participate in club activities and intend to continue to higher education; any conventional cigarette users (including those who also used alternative products) were more likely to be exposed to secondhand smoke at home and to drink alcohol. Reducing adult smoking and disseminating health education remain relevant as strategies for preventing adolescents’ future tobacco use.

scholarly journals E-Cigarette Use and Future Cigarette Initiation Among Never Smokers and Relapse Among Former Smokers in the PATH Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 528-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert McMillen ◽  
Jonathan D. Klein ◽  
Karen Wilson ◽  
Jonathan P. Winickoff ◽  
Susanne Tanski
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Never Smokers

Objectives: Any potential harm-reduction benefit of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) could be offset by nonsmokers who initiate e-cigarette use and then smoke combustible cigarettes. We examined correlates of e-cigarette use at baseline with combustible cigarette smoking at 1-year follow-up among adult distant former combustible cigarette smokers (ie, quit smoking ≥5 years ago) and never smokers. Methods: The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative, longitudinal study, surveyed 26 446 US adults during 2 waves: 2013-2014 (baseline) and 2014-2015 (1-year follow-up). Participants completed an audio computer-assisted interview in English or Spanish. We compared combustible cigarette smoking at 1-year follow-up by e-cigarette use at baseline among distant former combustible cigarette smokers and never smokers. Results: Distant former combustible cigarette smokers who reported e-cigarette past 30-day use (9.3%) and ever use (6.7%) were significantly more likely than those who had never used e-cigarettes (1.3%) to have relapsed to current combustible cigarette smoking at follow-up ( P < .001). Never smokers who reported e-cigarette past 30-day use (25.6%) and ever use (13.9%) were significantly more likely than those who had never used e-cigarettes (2.1%) to have initiated combustible cigarette smoking ( P < .001). Adults who reported past 30-day e-cigarette use (7.0%) and ever e-cigarette use (1.7%) were more likely than those who had never used e-cigarettes (0.3%) to have transitioned from never smokers to current combustible cigarette smokers ( P < .001). E-cigarette use predicted combustible cigarette smoking in multivariable analyses controlling for covariates. Conclusions: Policies and counseling should consider the increased risk for nonsmokers of future combustible cigarette smoking use as a result of using e-cigarettes and any potential harm-reduction benefits e-cigarettes might bring to current combustible cigarette smokers.

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