Prevalence and associated risk factors for childhood strabismus in Lhasa, Tibet, China: a cross-sectional, school-based study

Abstract Background: To estimate the prevalence of strabismus and associated risk factors among grade one school children in Lhasa, Tibet, China. Methods: The Lhasa Childhood Eye Study (LCES) was a cross-sectional, school-based childhood study conducted in Grade one students from primary schools in Lhasa, Tibet, China. Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations and basic systematic examinations were evaluated. A questionnaire survey contained information about children, as well as parents’ information was sent to the corresponding parents of eligible children. The prevalence of strabismus and its 95% confidence interval was estimated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associated risk factors. Results: A total of 1942 eligible grade one students were enrolled, of which 1856 participants completed all procedures. The average age was 6.83±0.46 years, 53% of participants were boys and 1762 were the Tibetan Minority. Over all, the prevalence of strabismus was 68/1856(3.7%) (95%CI: 2.81,4.52), with no difference between the ages, genders, ethnics and BMI, while tilt one's head when writing may be a risk factor for strabismus ( P =0.004). Strabismus students had the mean best corrected visual acuity 0.16±0.28(LogMAR), over 50% patients with esotropia are hyperopia, participants who have stereopsis impairments showed a significant difference between esotropia and exotropia ( P= 0.026). Conclusions: The prevalence of strabismus in LCES was 3.7%, higher than previous reports from Chinese childhood epidemiology studies. Strabismus is a common contributing factor to amblyopia. Tilt one's head when writing may be a risk factor. Patients with esotropia are more likely to affect stereopsis and be the refractive state of hyperopia.

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Prevalence and associated risk factors for childhood strabismus in Lhasa, Tibet, China: a cross-sectional, school-based study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-27963/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hailong He ◽

Jing Fu ◽

Zhaojun Meng ◽

Weiwei Chen ◽

Lei Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Based ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Grade One ◽

Epidemiology Studies

Abstract Background: To estimate the prevalence of strabismus and associated risk factors among grade one school children in Lhasa, Tibet, China.Methods: The Lhasa Childhood Eye Study (LCES) was a cross-sectional, school-based childhood study conducted in Grade one students from primary schools in Lhasa, Tibet, China. Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations and basic systematic examinations were evaluated. A questionnaire survey contained information about children, as well as parents’ information was sent to the corresponding parents of eligible children. The prevalence of strabismus and its 95% confidence interval was estimated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associated risk factors.Results: A total of 1942 eligible grade one students were enrolled, of which 1856 participants completed all procedures. The average age was 6.83±0.46 years, 53% of participants were boys and 1762 were the Tibetan Minority. Over all, the prevalence of strabismus was 68/1856(3.7%) (95%CI: 2.81,4.52), with no difference between the ages, genders, ethnics and BMI, while tilt one's head when writing may be a risk factor for strabismus (P=0.004). Strabismus students had the mean best corrected visual acuity 0.16±0.28(LogMAR), over 50% patients with esotropia are hyperopia, participants who have stereopsis impairments showed a significant difference between esotropia and exotropia (P=0.026).Conclusions: The prevalence of strabismus in LCES was 3.7%, higher than previous reports from Chinese childhood epidemiology studies. Strabismus is a common contributing factor to amblyopia. Tilt one's head when writing may be a risk factor. Patients with esotropia are more likely to affect stereopsis and be the refractive state of hyperopia.

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Prevalence and associated risk factors for childhood strabismus in Lhasa, Tibet, China: a cross-sectional, school-based study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-27963/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hailong He ◽

Jing Fu ◽

Zhaojun Meng ◽

Weiwei Chen ◽

Lei Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Clinical Trial Registry ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Based ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Grade One ◽

Epidemiology Studies

Abstract Background: To estimate the prevalence of strabismus and associated risk factors among grade one school children in Lhasa, Tibet, China.Methods: The Lhasa Childhood Eye Study (LCES) was a cross-sectional, school-based childhood study conducted in Grade one students from primary schools in Lhasa, Tibet, China. Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations and basic systemic examinations were evaluated. A questionnaire survey containing information about children, as well as parents’ information, was sent to the corresponding parents of eligible children. The prevalence of strabismus and its 95% confidence interval was estimated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associated risk factors.Results: A total of 1942 eligible grade one students were enrolled, of which 1856 participants completed all examinations. The average age was 6.83±0.46 years, 53% of participants were boys and 1762 were the Tibetan Minority. Over all, the prevalence of strabismus was 68/1856 (3.7%) (95%CI: 2.81,4.52), with no difference between the ages, genders, ethnicities and body mass index, while tilting one's head when writing may be a risk factor for strabismus (P=0.004). Strabismus students had mean best corrected visual acuity of 0.16±0.28(LogMAR), over 50% patients with esotropia were hyperopic, and participants who had stereopsis impairments showed a significant difference between esotropia and exotropia (P=0.026).Conclusions: The prevalence of strabismus in LCES was 3.7%, which is higher than previous reports from Chinese childhood epidemiology studies. Strabismus is a common contributing factor to amblyopia. Tilting one's head when writing may be a risk factor. Esotropia is more likely to affect stereopsis and be associated with the refractive state of hyperopia. Trial registration: The study has finished the clinical registration on Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. (http://www.chictr.org.cn , ChiCTR1900026693).

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Prevalence and associated risk factors for childhood strabismus in Lhasa, Tibet, China: a cross-sectional, school-based study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-27963/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hailong He ◽

Jing Fu ◽

Zhaojun Meng ◽

Weiwei Chen ◽

Lei Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Clinical Trial Registry ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Based ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Grade One ◽

Epidemiology Studies

Abstract Background To estimate the prevalence of strabismus and associated risk factors among grade one school children in Lhasa, Tibet, China. Methods The Lhasa Childhood Eye Study (LCES) was a cross-sectional, school-based childhood study conducted in Grade one students from primary schools in Lhasa, Tibet, China. Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations and basic systematic examinations were evaluated. A questionnaire survey contained information about children, as well as parents’ information was sent to the corresponding parents of eligible children. The prevalence of strabismus and its 95% confidence interval was estimated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associated risk factors. Results A total of 1942 eligible grade one students were enrolled, of which 1856 participants completed all procedures. The average age was 6.83 ± 0.46 years, 53% of participants were boys and 1762 were the Tibetan Minority. Overall, the prevalence of strabismus was 68/1856(3.7%) (95%CI: 2.81,4.52), with no difference between the ages, genders, ethnics and BMI, while tilt one's head when writing was a risk factor for strabismus (P=0.004). Strabismus students had the mean best corrected visual acuity 0.16 ± 0.28(LogMAR), over 50% patients with esotropia are hyperopia, participants who has stereopsis impairments showed a significant difference between esotropia and exotropia (P = 0.026). Conclusions The prevalence of strabismus in LCES was 3.7%, higher than previous reports from Chinese childhood epidemiology studies. Strabismus is a common contributing factor to amblyopia. Tilt one's head when writing was a risk factor. Patients with esotropia are more likely to affect stereopsis and be the refractive state of hyperopia. Trial registration: The study has finished the clinical registration on Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. (http://www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR1900026693).

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Prevalence and associated risk factors for childhood strabismus in Lhasa, Tibet, China: a cross-sectional, school-based study

BMC Ophthalmology ◽

10.1186/s12886-020-01732-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hailong He ◽

Jing Fu ◽

Zhaojun Meng ◽

Weiwei Chen ◽

Lei Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Clinical Trial Registry ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Link Type ◽

School Based ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Grade One

Abstract Background To estimate the prevalence of strabismus and associated risk factors among grade one school children in Lhasa, Tibet, China. Methods The Lhasa Childhood Eye Study (LCES) was a cross-sectional, school-based childhood study conducted in Grade one students from primary schools in Lhasa, Tibet, China. Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations and basic systemic examinations were evaluated. A questionnaire survey containing information about children, as well as parents’ information, was sent to the corresponding parents of eligible children. The prevalence of strabismus and its 95% confidence interval was estimated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associated risk factors. Results A total of 1942 eligible grade one students were enrolled, of which 1856 participants completed all examinations. The average age was 6.83 ± 0.46 years, 53% of participants were boys and 1762 were the Tibetan Minority. Over all, the prevalence of strabismus was 68/1856 (3.7%) (95%CI: 2.81,4.52), with no difference between the ages, genders, ethnicities and body mass index, while tilting one’s head when writing may be a risk factor for strabismus (P = 0.004). Strabismus students had mean best corrected visual acuity of 0.16 ± 0.28(LogMAR), over 50% patients with esotropia were hyperopic, and participants who had stereopsis impairments showed a significant difference between esotropia and exotropia (P = 0.026). Conclusions The prevalence of strabismus in LCES was 3.7%, which is higher than previous reports from Chinese childhood epidemiology studies. Strabismus is a common contributing factor to amblyopia. Tilting one’s head when writing may be a risk factor. Esotropia is more likely to affect stereopsis and be associated with the refractive state of hyperopia. Trial registration The study has finished the clinical registration on Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. (http://www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR1900026693).

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Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Typhoid Fever in Children Attending “Deo Gratias” Hospital in Douala, Littoral Region

10.20944/preprints202006.0252.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Teh Exodus Akwa ◽

Nguimbous Simone

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Typhoid Fever ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Health Concern ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Typhoid fever is a communicable disease transmitted by the bacteria Salmonella typhi, related to serotype paratyphi A, B and C. The disease is of a significant health concern in most developing countries especially Cameroon. Objectives: The study aimed at determining the prevalence and associated risk factors of typhoid fever in children ( 0-18 years) attending the “Deo Gratias” hospital in Douala. Method: A hospital base cross sectional study from August to September 2018 was carried out in patients’ age 0-18 years suffering from typhoid fever at the Deo gratias Catholic hospital. Widal slide agglutination test was the diagnostic test used. Positive tested patients were administered questionnaires to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitude and practice toward the disease, as well as their self-management abilities. Data obtained from respondents was analysed by descriptive statistics. One-way ANOVA and means comparison using Tukey’s test (α = 0.05) was performed to check whether the population of respondents differed significantly across risk factor practices. Results were finally presented on bar charts, tables and pie chart. Results: Typhoid fever was more prevalent in females (52.3%) than in males (47.7%), with a high proportion in the ages 5-9 years (38.6%). A significant difference was observed in population of respondents across risk factor practices. Conclusion: Water quality have a great impact on the burden of typhoid fever among children. The identification of risk factors associated to the disease is of great importance in the development of rational control strategies of the disease.

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Prevalence of dysmenorrhoea, associated risk factors and its relationship with academic performance among graduating female university students in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043814 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. e043814

Author(s):

Mesfin Tadese ◽

Andargachew Kassa ◽

Abebaw Abeje Muluneh ◽

Girma Altaye

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Academic Performance ◽

University Students ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Grade Point ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Associated Risk Factors

ObjectivesThe study aimed to provide an association between dysmenorrhoea and academic performance among university students in Ethiopia. Further, the study attempts to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of dysmenorrhoea.Design and methodInstitution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 April to 28 April 2019. A semistructured and pretested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Binary logistic regression analysis and one-way analysis of variance were performed to model dysmenorrhoea and academic performance, respectively.Setting and participantsEthiopia (2019: n=647 female university students).OutcomesThe primary outcome is dysmenorrhoea, which has been defined as painful menses that prevents normal activity and requires medication. The self-reported cumulative grade point average of students was used as a proxy measure of academic performance, which is the secondary outcome.ResultsThe prevalence of dysmenorrhoea was 317 (51.5%). The educational status of father (adjusted OR (AOR) (95% CI) 2.64 (1.04 to 6.66)), chocolate consumption (AOR (95% CI) 3.39 (95% 1.28 to 8.93)), daily breakfast intake (<5 days/week) (AOR (95% CI) 0.63 (0.42 to 0.95)), irregular menstrual cycle AOR (95% CI) 2.34 (1.55 to 3.54)) and positive family history of dysmenorrhoea AOR (95% CI) 3.29 (2.25 to 4.81)) had statistically significant association with dysmenorrhoea. There was no statistically significant difference in academic performance among students with and without dysmenorrhoea (F (3611)=1.276, p=0.28)).ConclusionsDysmenorrhoea was a common health problem among graduating University students. However, it has no statistically significant impact on academic performance. Reproductive health officers should educate and undermine the negative academic consequences of dysmenorrhoea to reduce the physical and psychological stress that happens to females and their families.

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PREVALENCE OF BOVINE FACIOLOSIS IN HALABA MUNICIPAL ABATTOR SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i11.2016.2423 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (11) ◽

pp. 82-91

Author(s):

Muna Abdella ◽

WubitTafese Mhatebu

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Condition ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Measures ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Prevention And Control Measures ◽

Associated Risk Factors

A cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2015 to march 2016 on bovine fasciolosis, to assess the abattoir based prevalence, predominant species of bovine fasciolosis and associated risk factors of the disease in cattle slaughtered in Halaba municipal abattoir. A total of 384 cattle were examined using post mortem examination. Infection rates were (3.64%), 2.34%, 2.08%, and 1.82 % F. gigantic, F. hepatica, mixed and immature respectively with the overall prevalence of 9.88 % (38). F. gigantic was found to be the most prevalent species in cattle of the study area. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of fasciola infection was significantly higher in poor body condition animals than in medium and good body condition animals (p < 0.05). However, in terms of age, sex and breed, no statistically significant difference was found between infected animals (p > 0.05).The present study showed that bovine fasciolosis is one of the important pathogens in cattle in the study area and warrants appropriate disease prevention and control measures and further epidemiological investigations to determine the different agro ecological risk factors on the occurrence of the disease.

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Prevalence of Hypertension and Associated Risk Factors Among Women in a Rural Community in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study

Millennium Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences ◽

10.47340/mjhss.v2i2.1.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Anika Boitchia ◽

Shabnam Naher ◽

Sabbir Pervez ◽

Moyazzem Hossainc

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Rural Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽

Background Characteristics ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Abstract The purpose of this cross-sectional quantitative study was to identify the prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension among rural women. Data collection was carried out between March to June 2019 among 380 women in Kumarkhali Upazila, Kushtia, Bangladesh. Participants were interviewed with a structured questionnaire including background characteristics, anthropometric measurements, prevalence, and risk factors of hypertension. IBM SPSS version 25 was used for analyzing the data. The prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension among the total participants was 21.3% and 17.1%, respectively. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 126.65 (±19.31) mmHg and 77.21 (±12.51) mmHg. Association was found between the prevalence of hypertension and participant’s age, marital status, educational level, body mass index, intake of raw salt, secondary smoking, stress, and diabetes (p<0.05). Among the diabetic women, prehypertension and hypertension prevailed as 26.3% and 55.3% respectively. The lowest risk of hypertension was found with limited raw salt (aOR: 1.42) and red meat (aOR: 0.05) consumption. Hypertension was more likely to affect overweight (aOR: 3.98) and women aged 55 to 64 years (aOR: 13.44). Thus, effective and integrated intervention agendas are required for women, which can improve the rate of diagnosis and prevent uncontrolled hypertension in Bangladesh. Keywords: Prevalence, hypertension, women, blood pressure, risk factor, Bangladesh

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Hypertension and associated risk factors: a study among professional nursing

Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line ◽

10.5205/reuol.1262-12560-1-le.0506201109 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 1374

Author(s):

Ana Lucia Becker Vieira Billig ◽

Maria Claudia Irigoyen ◽

Silvia Goldmeier

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Night Shift ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Young Population ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Questionnaire Measure ◽

Factores De Riesgo ◽

The Mean ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Structured Questionnaire

ABSTRACTObjective: to identify the prevalence of hypertension and risk factors (RF) associated in nurses and nursing technicians in a general hospital, combining the results of the professions, shifts and working places. Methodology: this is about a cross-sectional study with two hundred professionals. It was applied a structured questionnaire, measure the stress (ISMA) and the measurements of BP, BMI and WC. Results: the mean age was 32,9 ± 8,9 , females 85.5%, white 91.5% and hypertension of 34%. For the multivariate model, factors associated with hypertension were the night shift, the age, the sex, the obesity, and the nursing profession. Conclusion: a rolling program of health education and a institution’s policy focused on prevention of risk factors should be adopted. For being a young population more sensitive as other measures of HRV measure is needed to refine results to be adopted by the institution because it is a young population and more sensitive measures of HRV as a measure is needed to refine results. Descriptors: hypertension; risk factors; nursing team.RESUMOObjetivo: identificar a prevalência de HAS e fatores de riscos (FR) associados em enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem em um Hospital geral, associando os resultados entre as profissões, turnos e locais de trabalho. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo transversal com duzentos profissionais de enfermagem. Foi aplicado um questionário estruturado além de um inquérito para mensurar o stress (ISMA), a PA, o IMC e a CC. Resultados: a idade foi de 32,9 ± 8,9, do sexo feminino 85,5%, raça branca 91,5% e a HAS foi de 34%. Pelo modelo multivariado, o turno noturno, a idade,o sexo, a obesidade e os enfermeiros estavam associados com hipertensão. Conclusão: um programa continuado de educação em saúde e uma política da instituição enfocando a prevenção aos fatores de risco deverá ser adotada. Por tratar-se de uma população jovem outras medidas mais sensíveis como medida da VFC são necessárias para refinar resultados. Descritores: hipertensão; fatores de risco; equipe de enfermagem.RESUMENObjetivos: determinar la prevalencia de la hipertensión y factores de riesgo (FR) asociados en enfermeros y profesionales de enfermería en un Hospital General, combinando los resultados entre las profesiones, los turnos y lugares de trabajo. Metodología: estudio transversal compuesto de dos centenares de profesionales. Se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado, una encuesta para medir el estrés (ISMA) y la medición de la PA, el IMC y la CC. Resultados: edade 32,9 ± 8,9 mujeres (85,5%), los blancos (91,5%) y la HAS del 34%. Para el modelo multivariado, los factores asociados con la hipertensión fueron el turno de la noche, la edad, el sexo, la obesidad y la profesión de enfermero. Conclusión: un programa permanente de educación para la salud y una política de la institución dirigida a la prevención de factores de riesgo ha de ser adoptada. Por ser una población joven, otras medidas más sensibles de medida como la VFC se necesita para perfeccionar los resultados. Descriptores: hipertensión arterial; factores de riesgo; equipo de enfermería.

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Schistosomiasis and Associated Risk Factors Among School-Aged Children in Northern Nigeria

International Journal of Translational Medical Research and Public Health ◽

10.21106/ijtmrph.146 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 103-111

Author(s):

Musa M. Dogara ◽

Saadatu Ahmad ◽

Babalola J. Balogun ◽

Salwa S. Dawaki ◽

Muzammil B. Mustapha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northern Nigeria ◽

Preventive Chemotherapy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Creative Commons ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Intestinal Schistosomiasis ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Background: The Jigawa State Ministry of Health in Northern Nigeria undertook a pilot intervention without a follow-up to control schistosomiasis through preventive chemotherapy by ensuring that each child swallows praziquantel from 2009 to 2013 in five primary schools in Dutse metropolis. Previously, the overall prevalence for urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis determined using Sedimentation and Kato Katz methods was 22.9%. Methods: A cross sectional study involving 150 randomly selected pupils, aged 6 - 15 years old was conducted using sedimentation and Kato-Katz methods to determine the prevalence of urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis respectively in three schools in July, 2018. Information on demographic and associated risk factors was collected using a structured questionnaire and the data generated was analyzed using SPSS statistics version 18.0. Results: The overall prevalence was 10% with S. haematobium 8%, S. mansoni 2.67% and co-infection 0.67%. Males had higher prevalence, 15.10% than females 1.75%. The 11 - 15 years age group had higher prevalence, 10.10% than 6 - 10 years, 9.68%. Nearly all the infections occurred among class 4-6 pupils with 12.10% and 2.94% in 1-3. Based on parental occupations, children of unskilled laborer had the highest prevalence of 16.67% followed by children of civil servants 12.50%, and children of butchers 0%. Kachi School had the highest prevalence of 14.00% while Sir Muhammadu Sunusi had the lowest 4.00%. Schistosomiasis prevalence was found only to be significantly associated with gender; higher among males than females (15.1% vs 1.75%, P = 0.011). Conclusion and Implications for Translation: Schistosomiasis is still endemic among school-aged children in Dutse metropolis, but with a drop in overall prevalence from 22.9% to 10.00%. Chemotherapy and health education should be sustained on both in and out of school-aged children in order to control the transmission. Key words: • Schistosomiasis • Tropical diseases • Northern Nigeria • Chemotherapy• School-aged Children • Kato - Katz • Sedimentation Copyright © 2020 Dogara et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.

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