scholarly journals Changes of wavefront aberrations and corneal surface regularity in dry eye patients measured with OPD Scan III

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongjun Liu ◽  
Baikai Ma ◽  
Yufei Gao ◽  
Yiyun Liu ◽  
HONG QI
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Surface Irregularity ◽  
Corneal Surface ◽  
Wavefront Aberrations ◽  
Corneal Aberrations ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Surface Regularity

Abstract Background To evaluate changes of wavefront aberrations and corneal surface regularity in dry eye (DE) patients with OPD Scan-III (NIDEK, JPN). Methods Twenty-seven right eyes of 27 DE patients and 23 right eyes of normal subjects were included. The examinations for ocular surface including the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), tear film breakup time (TBUT) and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS). OPD Scan-III was used to measure anterior corneal aberrations including total corneal aberrations, high order aberration (HOA), spherical aberration (SA), coma and trefoil aberration, standard deviation of corneal power (SDP), surface regularity index (SRI) and surface asymmetry index (SAI). Statistical analysis were assessed with one sample t-test. Correlations between those parameters were also analyzed. Results Wavefront aberrations parameters including total corneal aberrations, HOA, SA, coma and trefoil in DE group were significantly higher than in normal group (P < 0.05). Corneal surface regularity parameters including SRI and SAI in DE group were significantly higher than in normal group (P < 0.05). TBUT had negative correlations with total corneal aberrations and coma (P < 0.05). Both CFS scores and central CFS scores had no correlations with wavefront aberrations parameters and had positive correlations with SDP and SRI (P༜0.05). Central CFS scores also positively correlated with SAI ( P < 0.05). Conclusions Wavefront aberrations and corneal surface irregularity are increased in DE patients. OPD Scan III was have potential to be a new instrument to evaluate the severity of DE and monitor the treatment of DE.

scholarly journals Changes of Corneal Wavefront Aberrations in Dry Eye Patients after Treatment with Artificial Lubricant Drops

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Lu ◽  
Fangyu Lin ◽  
Zhu Huang ◽  
Qin He ◽  
Wei Han
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Artificial Eye ◽  
Corneal Surface ◽  
Wavefront Aberrations ◽  
Corneal Aberrations

Purpose.To evaluate the corneal aberration changes in dry eye patients after treatment with artificial eye drops.Methods.Thirty mild to moderate dry eye patients treated with artificial eye drops and twenty comparable dry eye patients were recruited as controls. Anterior corneal aberrations over 3 mm and 5 mm analytical zones including total, 3rd to 5th high order aberrations (HOAs), spherical aberration (SA), and vertical (V-coma) and horizontal coma (H-coma) obtained from corneal topography data at baseline and 2 weeks after treatment were evaluated.Results.For 3 mm zone, trefoils, V-coma, H-coma terms, and 3rd and 5th HOAs were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the treatment group. For 5 mm zone, instillation of eye drops reduced H-coma, SA terms, 3rd to 5th orders, and total HOAs all showed a significant decrease (p<0.05). The root mean square analysis of the Zernike terms also showed similar statistical results. For control group, all individual terms and total HOAs did not have significant changes over 3 mm and 5 mm zones (p>0.05).Conclusions.Treatment with artificial eye drops can effectively improve the corneal optical quality of dry eye patients by ameliorating the HOAs of anterior corneal surface.

scholarly journals Blockade of OGFr delays the onset and reduces the severity of diabetic ocular surface complications

2020 ◽  
pp. 153537022097206
Author(s):  
Ian S Zagon ◽  
Joseph W Sassani ◽  
Indira Purushothaman ◽  
Patricia J McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Corneal Surface ◽  
Surface Sensitivity ◽  
Naltrexone Treatment

The opioid growth factor (OGF)–OGF receptor (OGFr) pathway is present in the ocular surface and functions to maintain homeostasis of the epithelium. The OGF–OGFr pathway has been reported to be dysregulated in diabetic individuals and animal models, and is reflected in elevations of the inhibitory growth factor, OGF, chemically termed [Met5]-enkephalin. Recently, our laboratory reported elevated levels of OGF and OGFr in the serum and corneal epithelium of type 1 diabetic rats, suggesting that dysregulation of the OGF–OGFr axis may lead to dry eye, abnormal corneal surface sensitivity, and delayed re-epithelialization. Blockade of OGF–OGFr pathway using naltrexone, a potent opioid receptor antagonist, reverses dry eye symptoms and restores corneal surface sensitivity in diabetic rats when used as a therapy. Based on the evidence that both OGF and OGFr are elevated in type 1 diabetic rats, this study examined whether systemic or topical naltrexone treatment initiated at the time of induction of hyperglycemia could protect against the development of diabetic ocular surface complications. Diabetic male Sprague-Dawley rats treated systemically or topically with naltrexone had a delayed onset of dry eye and altered corneal surface sensitivity, and an improved healing rate for corneal wounds, that were comparable to non-diabetic rats. Serum levels of OGF were normal for rats receiving systemic naltrexone, and OGF tissue levels were normal for type 1 diabetic rats receiving twice daily naltrexone drops. OGFr levels remained elevated. These data support the role of the OGF–OGFr axis in regulation of ocular surface complications, and suggest that naltrexone therapy may be beneficial for pre-diabetic and early diabetic individuals.

scholarly journals Characteristics of corneal high-order aberrations in adolescents with mild to moderate myopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Jin-Hui Ma ◽  
Xin Xi ◽  
Lin Guan
Keyword(s):  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Corneal Astigmatism ◽  
Surface Shape ◽  
Corneal Surface ◽  
Corneal Aberrations ◽  
Anterior Posterior ◽  
High Order Aberrations ◽  
Posterior Corneal Curvature ◽  
Anterior Corneal Astigmatism

Abstract Background This study investigated the characteristics of corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) of the anterior surface, posterior surface, and total cornea in adolescents with mild to moderate myopia. Methods A total of 183 patients with myopia (183 eyes) aged 8 to 18 years were enrolled in this study. The axial length (AL) of the eyes was measured by an IOL-Master, and corneal curvatures (K-values) and HOAs were measured by a Pentacam anterior segment diagnostic analyzer. Results Results of this study showed that the anterior, posterior and total corneal horizontal coma Z31 were − 0.1249 ± 0.105 μm, 0.0009 ± 0.001 μm, and − 0.1331 ± 0.116 μm, respectively; the anterior, posterior and total corneal vertical coma Z3− 1 were − 0.0212 ± 0.164 μm, 0.0003 ± 0.043 μm, and − 0.0216 ± 0.168 μm, respectively; and spherical aberration (SA) Z40 values were 0.2244 ± 0.091 μm, 0.1437 ± 0.029 um, and 0.1889 ± 0.090 μm, respectively. Total corneal Z31 was statistically correlated with posterior corneal astigmatism (K2b − K1b) (p = 0.038). Total corneal Z3− 1 was correlated with anterior corneal astigmatism (K2f − K1f) (p = 0.027). Anterior, posterior, and total corneal Z40 were correlated with anterior and posterior corneal curvature (K1f, K2f, K1b, K2b) (p = 0.001). Posterior corneal Z40b was also significantly correlated with AL. Conclusions In adolescents with mild to moderate myopia, the posterior corneal surface shape may play a compensatory role in the balance of corneal aberrations, and the posterior corneal SA tended to become less negative as the AL increased. The corneal coma may also play a compensatory role in posterior corneal surface astigmatism, which was valuable for the treatment for improving visual quality. This conclusion still needs to be verified.

scholarly journals The role of inflammatory cytokines in dry eye in type 2 diabetic patients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Cui ◽  
Zheng-ri Li ◽  
Ning Ren ◽  
Li-xia Sun ◽  
Ying-jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Group ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Tgf Β1

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the ocular surface characteristics and the levels of tear and conjunctiva inflammatory cytokines. Methods This study enrolled 102 diabetes patients with dry eye (DE) and 117 volunteers. All enrolled subjects were tested in the following sequence: Ocular surface disease index (OSDI) was self-answered and ocular surface characteristics including Schirmer I test (SIt), tear-film breakup time (BUT), and corneal fluorecein staining (CFS) were evaluated. Levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and interleukin-17 (IL-17) were measured in the conjunctiva using a multiplex immunobead assay. Periodicacid-Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry were also performed. Spearman correlations between cytokines and ocular surface parameters were calculate. Results The ELISA results showed that the levels of IL-lβ and TNF-α in the DE patients with diabetes group were significantly higher than those in the normal group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.023). The immunohistochemical staining results and western-blot results showed that the expression levels of TGF-β1 and NF-κB in the conjunctiva in the diabetes mellitus group were significantly increased compared to those in the normal group. The flow cytometric results showed that the expression levels of CCR6 and IL-17 were significantly increased in diabetes mellitus group compared to the normal group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). Conclusions Inflammatory cytokines were highly expressed in the conjunctiva and tears of diabetic patients with dry eye. The mechanism for this might be related to hyperglycemia-induced activation of the NF-κB pathway, which increased the levels of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, chemokines might also play a role in the pathogenesis of dry eye in diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Dry Eye and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Teenagers with Myopia through Noninvasive Keratograph

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Wang ◽  
Xiaoxiao Lu ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Ruihua Wei ◽  
Liyuan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽  
Noninvasive Method ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Surface Conditions ◽  
Meibomian Gland Secretion

Purpose. This study aims to evaluate dry eye and ocular surface conditions of myopic teenagers by using questionnaire and clinical examinations.Methods. A total of 496 eyes from 248 myopic teenagers (7–18 years old) were studied. We administered Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, slit-lamp examination, and Keratograph 5M. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on OSDI dry eye standard, and their ocular surfaces and meibomian gland conditions were evaluated.Results. The tear meniscus heights of the dry eye and normal groups were in normal range. Corneal fluorescein scores were significantly higher whereas noninvasive break-up time was dramatically shorter in the dry eye group than in the normal group. All three meibomian gland dysfunction parameters (i.e., meibomian gland orifice scores, meibomian gland secretion scores, and meibomian gland dropout scores) of the dry eye group were significantly higher than those of the normal group (P<0.0001).Conclusions. The prevalence of dry eye in myopic teenagers is 18.95%. Meibomian gland dysfunction plays an important role in dry eye in myopic teenagers. The Keratograph 5M appears to provide an effective noninvasive method for assessing ocular surface situation of myopic teenagers.

scholarly journals Dysregulation of the OGF–OGFr pathway correlates with elevated serum OGF and ocular surface complications in the diabetic rat

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 (15) ◽  
pp. 1414-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian S Zagon ◽  
Joseph W Sassani ◽  
Indira Purushothaman ◽  
Patricia J McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Corneal Surface ◽  
Surface Sensitivity

Diabetes often presents with ocular surface complications including dry eye, keratopathy, and altered sensitivity, along with systemic disorders. A common theme associated with corneal surface defects is decreased cellular proliferation. The opioid growth factor (OGF)–OGF receptor (OGFr) regulatory axis maintains epithelial homeostasis and can be modulated by naltrexone, an opioid receptor antagonist, to block OGF–OGFr interaction and increase cellular replication. Complete blockade using naltrexone accelerates cell proliferation, increases the rate of re-epithelialization in corneal surface abrasions, reverses dry eye, and restores corneal surface sensitivity in animal models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Data on the efficacy of naltrexone in these models suggest that the OGF–OGFr axis is dysregulated in diabetes. In the present study, we investigated the OGF–OGFr axis by assessing serum and tissue levels of OGF and OGFr during the development of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia and postulated a mechanism of action. We correlated the dysregulation of the OGF–OGFr axis with the onset and magnitude of corneal surface complications (e.g. tear fluid production, corneal surface sensitivity) in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Serum levels of OGF increased in both uncontrolled T1D and insulin-controlled (T1D-INS) male rats within four weeks of streptozotocin injection. Serum OGFr levels were significantly reduced in diabetic rats on weeks 3 and 8 post streptozotocin. Tear production was significantly reduced, and corneal sensitivity measurements were abnormal in both T1D and T1D-INS animals within four weeks of streptozotocin. Corneal re-epithelialization was delayed in T1D rats, but not in T1D-INS animals; however, expression levels of the inhibitory growth factor OGF and its receptor, OGFr, were elevated in the corneal epithelium more than 2-fold in both diabetic groups. These data demonstrate for the first time that dysregulation of the OGF–OGFr axis in the diabetic cornea is associated with the onset and magnitude of ocular surface complications. Impact statement This research extends our knowledge about the presence and role of the OGF–OGFr regulatory axis in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and demonstrates specific targets within the pathway that are dysregulated. Serum levels of OGF, an inhibitory growth factor, are significantly elevated in male T1D rats, and OGFr serum values are increased in T1D. The onset of elevated OGF corresponds to the onset of ocular surface complications including dry eye, delayed corneal epithelial repair, and abnormal corneal surface sensitivity in T1D. Systemic insulin does not protect against elevated OGF levels or the onset of dry eye and sensitivity. These data are the first to associate some ocular surface defects in T1D with alterations in the OGF–OGFr pathway.

Corneal Topographical Study of the Effect of Lacrimal Punctum Occlusion on Corneal Surface Regularity in Dry Eye Patients

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Özkan ◽  
B. Bozkurt ◽  
Ş. Gedík ◽  
M. Írkeç ◽  
M. Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Corneal Surface ◽  
Surface Regularity

scholarly journals Anatomical and Visual Outcomes after LASIK Performed in Myopic Eyes with the WaveLight® Refractive Suite (Alcon® Laboratories Inc., USA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Imene Salah-Mabed ◽  
Sarah Moran ◽  
Emmanuelle Perez ◽  
Guillaume Debellemanière ◽  
Damien Gatinel
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Corneal Aberrations ◽  
Quality Of Vision ◽  
Eye Symptoms ◽  
Dry Eye Symptoms

Purpose. To evaluate changes in corneal anatomy and quality of vision following LASIK refractive surgery for mild to high myopia using the WaveLight® Refractive Suite (Alcon® Laboratories Inc., USA). Setting. Rothschild Foundation, Paris, France. Design. Prospective interventional case series. Methods. We examined 60 myopic eyes (average SE −4.5 D, from −9.3 to −0.75 D) of 30 patients from 21.3 to 38.7 years old. Pachymetry, keratometry, Q factor, corneal aberrations, visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity, dry eye assessment, and quality of vision were measured preoperatively, one day (D1), and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Results. 6 months postoperatively, keratometry became flatter, and the Q factor became more oblate (from −0.18 ± 0.08 to +0.19 ± 0.06). Pachymetry decreased by 117.9 ± 62.2 µm at D1 and increased by 37.87 ± 32.6 µm between D1 and M6. Refraction was emmetropic at D1 and remained stable thereafter. Six months after surgery, VA was slightly but nonsignificantly improved (<0.05 log MAR), whereas contrast sensitivity remained unchanged. Quality of vision was not affected by surgery and was more related to dry eye symptoms than to corneal HOAs (r2 = 0.49; p<0.001 vs. r2 = 0.03; p<0.001). Conclusions. LASIK surgery for moderate to high myopia, performed with the WaveLight® Refractive Suite, showed good postoperative outcomes, with demonstrated safety, predictability, efficiency, and stability. This is probably due to well-controlled spherical aberration and the use of large optical zones. Besides, we can assume that the patients’ quality of vision depends more on the postoperative dry eye disease generated by the laser than on the induced HOAs.

scholarly journals Tear Meniscus, Corneal Topographic and Aberrometric Changes After Botulinum Toxin-A Injection in Patients With Blepharospasm and Hemifacial Spasm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neslihan Bayraktar Bilen ◽  
Şule Bilen ◽  
Pınar Topçu Yılmaz ◽  
Özlem Evren Kemer
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Hemifacial Spasm ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Corneal Topography ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Corneal Power ◽  
Corneal Aberrations ◽  
Tear Meniscus ◽  
Schirmer I Test

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effect of Botulinum neurotoxin-A (BTX-A) treatment on dry eye symptoms, tear meniscus, corneal topography and corneal aberrometry in patients with benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) and hemifacial spasm (HFS).Materials and Methods: This prospective study comprised of 32 eyes from 8 BEB and 24 HFS patients. Tear meniscus height (TMH) and depth (TMD), tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining score (CFSS), Schirmer I test, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score, corneal topography [corneal power of flat axis (K1), corneal power of steep axis (K2), mean corneal power (Km), astigmatism and thinnest pachymetry] and anterior corneal aberrometry [spherical aberration (SA), vertical coma (vcoma), horizontal coma (hcoma), higher order root mean square (hRMS) and total RMS] were evaluated before BTX-A treatment and 3 weeks after BTX-A treatment.Results: 3 weeks after BTX-A injection TMH (265.9±116.4 µm vs. 347.1 ± 172.6 µm; p < 0.001) and TMD (178.1 ± 57.7 µm vs. 221.4 ± 90.3 µm; p < 0.001) showed a significant increase. TBUT, CFSS, Schirmer I test values were similar (p > 0.005). OSDI scores decreased significantly from 27.8 ± 26.1 to 18.4 ± 19.8 (p = 0.04). K2 (44.1 ± 1.7 D vs. 43.9 ± 1.7 D p = 0.009), Km (43.7 ± 1.6 D vs. 43.6 ± 1.6 D p = 0.025) and astigmatism (0.9 ± 0.6 D vs. 0.7 ± 0.5 D; p = 0.02) values improved significantly at 3 weeks. Pachymetry and aberrometric values did not change significantly.Conclusion: BTX-A injection increases tear meniscus and decrease symptoms related to dry eye disease in BEB and HFS patients. It decrease astigmatism and keratometry values but it does not cause a significant change in corneal aberrations.

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