Occurrence and characterisation of naphthenic acid fraction components in oil residues stranded on the shoreline of Chedabucto Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to investigate the occurrence, fate, and behaviour of oil components 46 years post-spill by analysing polar naphthenic acid fraction components (NAFCs). Methods Oil residues and sediment samples were collected from the shoreline of Chedabucto Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada, at sites affected by the 1970 Arrow oil spill, in June 2016. Sediments were extracted with Soxhlet extraction; NAFCs were separated through a silica gel column firstly, then analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS). Results and discussion In all samples, the most abundant NAFC species were those having only oxygen as the heteroatom (Oo species, o indicating the number of oxygen atoms, from 1 to 8) and a high degree of saturation. O2 species accounted for 50–70% of all Oo species. NAFCs with sulphur heteroatoms were the second abundant species, then by those containing both nitrogen and oxygen heteroatoms. NAFCs in most Arrow oil residues had higher levels of oxygen species, especially for heavier molecular weight congeners, than the oil remaining stored in the sunken tanker. Environmental sediment samples, collected from near a marina away from the spill site, mainly contained a biological contribution with obviously recent petroleum oil input, whereas all Arrow oil residues were composed mainly of NAFCs that are characteristic of petroleum, and varied abundance between sites. Conclusions Characteristics of NAFCs from different sources varied from each other. Site-specific environmental conditions played a major role in controlling the fate and behaviour of oil components, including NAFCs.

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Occurrence and characterisation of naphthenic acid fraction components in oil residues and sediments stranded on the shoreline of Chedabucto Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada

Environmental Earth Sciences ◽

10.1007/s12665-021-09959-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (19) ◽

Author(s):

Zeyu Yang ◽

Gong Zhang ◽

Chun Yang ◽

Keval Shah ◽

Bruce P. Hollebone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nova Scotia ◽

High Performance ◽

High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽

Naphthenic Acid ◽

Degree Of Saturation ◽

Acid Fraction ◽

Sediment Samples ◽

Oil Components ◽

High Degree ◽

Oxygen Atoms

AbstractIn June 2016, oil residues and sediment samples were collected from the shoreline of Chedabucto Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada, at sites affected by the 1970 Arrow oil spill. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence, fate, and behaviour of oil components 45 years post-spill by analysing polar naphthenic acid fraction components (NAFCs) through high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC–HRMS). In all samples, the most abundant NAFC species were those having only oxygen as the heteroatom (Oo species, o indicating the number of oxygen atoms, from 1 to 8) and a high degree of saturation. NAFC species only containing two oxygen atoms (O2) accounted for 50–70% of all Oo species. The abundance of all remaining species was negligible compared with Oo species. NAFCs in most Arrow oil residues had higher levels of oxygen species than the oil remaining stored in the sunken tanker. Environmental sediment samples collected from near a marina away from the spill site contained a dominant biological, whereas all Arrow oil residues were mainly composed of NAFCs that are characteristic of petroleum. The abundance of NAFCs in the Arrow oil residues varied between sites, confirming that site-specific environmental conditions play a major role in controlling the fate and behaviour of oil components, including NAFCs.

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Exploring the Chemical Profiles and Biological Values of Two Spondias Species (S. dulcis and S. mombin): Valuable Sources of Bioactive Natural Products

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10111771 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1771

Author(s):

Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan ◽

Gokhan Zengin ◽

Dimitrina Zheleva-Dimitrova ◽

Reneta Gevrenova ◽

Marie Carene Nancy Picot-Allain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

High Performance ◽

High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Bioactive Natural Products ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Chemical Profiles

Spondias species have been used in traditional medicine for different human ailments. In this study, the effect of different solvents (ethyl acetate, methanol, and water) and extraction methods (infusion, maceration, and Soxhlet extraction) on the enzyme inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and antioxidant properties of S. mombin and S. dulcis leaves and stem bark were evaluated. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) yield in the identification and/or annotation of 98 compounds showing that the main secondary metabolites of the plant are gallic and ellagic acids and their derivatives, ellagitannins, hydroxybenzoic, hydroxycinnamic, acylquinic acids and flavonols, flavanones, and flavanonols. The leaves infusion of both Spondias species showed highest inhibition against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (10.10 and 10.45 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g, for S. dulcis and S. mombin, respectively). The ethyl acetate extracts of the stem bark of S. mombin and S. dulcis actively inhibited α-glucosidase. Methanolic extracts of the leaves and stem bark exhibited highest tyrosinase inhibitory action. Antioxidant activity and higher levels of phenolics were observed for the methanolic extracts of Spondias. The results suggested that the Spondias species could be considered as natural phyto-therapeutic agents in medicinal and cosmeceutical applications.

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