Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl substance exposure and association with sex hormone concentrations: Results from the NHANES 2015 -2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Xie ◽  
Xueqiong Weng ◽  
Shan Liu ◽  
Jingmin Chen ◽  
Xinrong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Serum Hormone ◽  
Pfos Exposure ◽  
Estradiol Levels

Abstract Background: There is increasing global concern regarding the health impacts of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are emerging environmental endocrine disruptors. Results from previous epidemiological studies on the associations between PFAS exposure and sex hormone levels are inconsistent.Objective: We examined the associations between serum PFAS compounds (PFDeA, PFHxS, PFNA, PFOA, PFOS) and sex hormones, including total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), estrogen (E), and serum hormone binding globulin (SHBG).Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, PFDeA, PFOS, and PFHxS exposures were significantly associated with increased serum testosterone concentrations in males. PFDeA, PFOA, and PFOS exposures were positively correlated with FT levels in 20-49 years old women while PFOS exposure was negatively associated with TT levels in 12-19 years old girls. PFAS exposure was negatively associated with estradiol levels including: PFDeA in all females, PFHxS, PFNA, PFOS, and PFOA in 12-19 years old girls, PFNA in women above 50 years old, and PFOA in 12-19 years old boys while PFDeA and PFOS exposures were positively associated with estradiol levels in these boys. n-PFOS exposure was positively associated with SHBG levels in men older than 20 and in all females.Conclusions: Using a large cohort of males and females aged from 12-80, we found that PFAS exposure appears to disrupt sex hormones in a gender-, age-, and compound-specific manner. Future work is warranted to clarify the causality and mechanisms involved.

scholarly journals Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substance exposure and association with sex hormone concentrations: results from the NHANES 2015–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Xie ◽  
Xueqiong Weng ◽  
Shan Liu ◽  
Jingmin Chen ◽  
Xinrong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Serum Hormone ◽  
Pfos Exposure ◽  
Estradiol Levels

Abstract Background There is increasing global concern regarding the health impacts of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are emerging environmental endocrine disruptors. Results from previous epidemiological studies on the associations between PFAS exposure and sex hormone levels are inconsistent. Objective We examined the associations between serum PFAS compounds (PFDeA, PFHxS, PFNA, PFOA, PFOS) and sex hormones, including total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), estradiol (E), and serum hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Results After adjusting for potential confounders, PFDeA, PFOS, and PFHxS exposures were significantly associated with increased serum testosterone concentrations in males. PFDeA, PFOA, and PFOS exposures were positively correlated with FT levels in 20–49-year-old women, while PFOS exposure was negatively associated with TT levels in 12–19-year-old girls. PFAS exposure was negatively associated with estradiol levels including: PFDeA in all females, PFHxS, PFNA, PFOS, and PFOA in 12–19-year-old girls, PFNA in women above 50 years, and PFOA in 12–19-year-old boys, while PFDeA and PFOS exposures were positively associated with estradiol levels in these boys. n-PFOS exposure was positively associated with SHBG levels in men older than 20 and in all females. Conclusions Using a large cohort of males and females aged from 12 to 80, we found that PFAS exposure appears to disrupt sex hormones in a sex-, age-, and compound-specific manner. Future work is warranted to clarify the causality and mechanisms involved.

scholarly journals Acute hormonal response to sublingual androstenediol intake in young men

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Brown ◽  
Emily R. Martini ◽  
B. Scott Roberts ◽  
Matthew D. Vukovich ◽  
Douglas S. King
Keyword(s):  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Serum Estradiol ◽  
Hormonal Response ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Serum Hormone

The effectiveness of orally ingested androstenediol in raising serum testosterone concentrations may be limited because of hepatic breakdown of the ingested androgens. Because androstenediol administered sublingually with cyclodextrin bypasses first-pass hepatic catabolism, we evaluated the acute hormonal response to sublingual cyclodextrin androstenediol supplement in young men. Eight men (22.9 ± 1.2 yr) experienced in strength training consumed either 20 mg androstenediol in a sublingual cyclodextrin tablet (Sl Diol) or placebo (Pl) separated by at least 1 wk in a randomized, double-blind, crossover manner. Blood samples were collected before supplementation and at 30-min intervals for 3 h after supplementation. Serum hormone concentrations did not change with Pl. Serum androstenedione concentrations were increased ( P < 0.05) above baseline (11.2 ± 1.1 nmol/l) with Sl Diol from 60 to 180 min after intake and reached a peak concentration of 25.2 ± 2.9 nmol/l at 120 min. Serum free testosterone concentrations were increased from 86.2 ± 9.1 pmol/l with Sl Diol from 30 to 180 min and reached a peak concentration of 175.4 ± 12.2 pmol/l at 60 min. Serum total testosterone concentrations increased above basal (25.6 ± 2.3 nmol/l) from 30 to 180 min with Sl Diol and reached a peak concentration of 47.9 + 2.9 nmol/l at 60 min. Serum estradiol concentrations were elevated ( P < 0.05) above baseline (0.08 ± 0.01 nmol/l) from 30 to 180 min with Sl Diol and reached 0.14 ± 0.02 nmol/l at 180 min. These data indicate that sublingual cyclodextrin androstenediol intake increases serum androstenedione, free testosterone, total testosterone, and estradiol concentrations.

scholarly journals Associations Between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Sex Hormones Among 6- to 19-Year-Old Children and Adolescents in NHANES 2015–2016

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxia Ma ◽  
Ruiqiang Li ◽  
Wenqiang Zhan ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
Yutian Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Inflammatory Index

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and sex steroids in children (6-11 years old) and adolescents (12-19 years old) in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2015–2016.MethodsParticipants between the ages of 6-19 have 24-hour dietary intake data, serum sex hormones [total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2)], and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) available data (n = 1382). The free androgen index (FAI) is calculated as TT divided by SHBG and the ratio of TT to E2 (TT/E2). The constructed puberty state is defined as high levels of steroid hormones (TT≥50 ng/dL in men, E2≥20 pg/ml in women) or onset of menarche. Multiple linear regression analysis was stratified by gender-age and gender-pubertal status groups to evaluate the association between DII and sex hormone levels.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, the association between consecutive DII and sex hormone indicators by gender and age group. In male adolescents, DII was always negatively associated with TT (P-trend = 0.09), FAI (P-trend = 0.03) and E2 (P-trend = 0.01), and monotonically positively associated with SHBG (P-trend = 0.02).In female adolescents, with the increase of DII, a significant positive correlation with SHBG was observed (β 0.017, 95%CI: 0.009,0.053) (Table 3). Among female adolescents, a significant negative association between DII and TT and a significant positive association between SHBG were observed in this group. Moreover, DII was positively associated with SHBG of prepubertal males and negatively associated with FAI of prepubertal females.ConclusionsDII was associated with decreased levels of certain sex steroid hormones (TT, FAI, and E2) and increased levels of SHBG in adolescents or pubertal individuals, with the associations presenting somewhat sex-dependent pattern. However, there is little evidence that there is a significant association in children or prepubertal children. Further research needs to be carried out to verify our results.

scholarly journals Circulating sex hormone levels in relation to male sperm quality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Jun Jing ◽  
Yong Shao ◽  
Rong Zeng ◽  
Cencen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sperm Maturation ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Inverse Association

Abstract Background Although sex hormones play critical roles in spermatogenesis and sperm maturation, it remains inconclusive whether circulating sex hormones can serve as non-invasive biomarkers to improve the assessment of sperm quality. Methods We systematically evaluated the association of various sex hormones in serum with sperm quality among 338 men in subfertile couples. Concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), total testosterone (TT), total estradiol (E2), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were detected by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Free testosterone and estradiol were calculated using a validated algorithm. A generalized liner regression model controlling for lifestyle factors was used to evaluate the associations with sperm count, concentration, motility, and morphology.Results After adjusting for age, body mass index, current smoking and alcohol drinking, LH, FSH, and TT levels were all inversely associated with sperm motility (all P for trend < 0.05); however, in mutual adjustment analysis, only LH remained an inverse association with sperm motility after adjusting for FSH and TT levels (P for trend = 0.04). Higher concentrations of LH were also associated with lower sperm progressive motility (P for trend = 0.04). Moreover, LH and FSH levels were both inversely associated with normal sperm morphology (P for trend = 0.04 and 0.02, respectively). Conclusions Increased levels of LH are associated with poor sperm motility and morphology, suggesting that LH may play a central role in sperm maturation. Future studies are warranted to assess potential clinical utility of LH for risk stratification and tailed prevention of male infertility.

scholarly journals The Associations between Sex Hormones and Lipid Profiles in Serum of Women with Different Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 3941
Author(s):  
Anna Bizoń ◽  
Grzegorz Franik ◽  
Justyna Niepsuj ◽  
Marta Czwojdzińska ◽  
Marcin Leśniewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

We aimed to evaluate the relationship between selected serum sex hormones and lipid profiles in a group of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) dividing according to four phenotypes, value of body mass index (BMI), and presence of hyperlipidemia. The study included 606 Caucasian women. Lipids and selected hormones were estimated using commercially available procedures during hospitalization in 2017. Phenotype of PCOS, BMI value, and hyperlipidemia were significant factors that influenced androgen hormone concentrations, such as total and free testosterone and androstenedione as well as the value of free androgen index (FAI). Moreover, significant changes in concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were found between those groups. Higher quartiles of triglyceride concentrations increased the odds ratio of decreased concentrations of SHBG or increased values of FAI, while an adverse relation was found in case of HDL-C. The concentration of estradiol in the blood of women with PCOS was not associated with lipid profile parameters in any investigated groups. Probably, irregularities in sex hormone concentrations during PCOS is not directly associated with lipid profile parameters but could be reflective of the concentration of SHBG or the ratio of SHBG and total testosterone and their association with lipids.

scholarly journals Sex hormone levels in females of different ages suffering from depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Lei ◽  
Yan Sun ◽  
Jiawen Liao ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Linlin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Recurrent Depression ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
Estradiol Levels

Abstract Background There are only a few studies on sex hormones in females of different ages suffering from depression, and their conclusions are not uniform until now. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the severity of depression in females and factors such as sex hormones and differences in sex hormone levels in females of different ages, exploring variations after treatment. Methods A total of 169 females with depression were selected and divided into the first-episode (91 cases) and recurrent (78 cases) groups. Then, on the basis of their age, the first-episode patients were divided into the young (48 cases, age < 45 years), perimenopausal (20 cases, 45–55 years), and elderly groups (23 cases, age > 55 years); the patients with recurrent depression were classified into the young (37 cases, age < 45 years), perimenopausal (19 cases, 45–55 years), and elderly groups (22 cases, age > 55 years). The patients were assessed in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases of mental and behavioral disorders. The serum progesterone, prolactin, estradiol, and testosterone levels in the patients were measured, and differences in sex hormone levels of the groups were analyzed. Results The estradiol level was negatively correlated with age and the prolactin level was positively correlated with occupation. The severity of depression in females was found to be negatively correlated with age. The serum progesterone and estradiol levels in the young group were significantly higher than those in the elderly group, regardless of the first episode or recurrence. Estradiol levels in the perimenopausal and elderly groups with first-episode depression were significantly higher than those in the same group with recurrent depression. However, there was no significant difference in the serum progesterone, prolactin, estradiol, and testosterone levels in the recurrent group before and after treatment. Conclusions Sex hormone levels, especially estradiol, varied among females of different ages suffering from depression. Recurrent depression also has a certain effect on sex hormone levels in females. Not only should the age and relapse be considered when studying the sex hormone levels of females with depression, but also attention should be paid to whether the patients have used antidepressants before their sexual hormonal testing.

scholarly journals A potential role for the adrenal gland in autism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felwah S. Al-Zaid ◽  
Abdel Fattah A. Alhader ◽  
Laila Y. Al-Ayadhi
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Autism Group

AbstractAndrogens have been implicated in autism pathophysiology as recently, prenatal exposure to elevated androgens has been proposed as risk factor. However, published data on postnatal sex hormone levels in autistic children are controversial and the source of prenatal androgen exposure in autism remains unknown. Therefore, this study investigated postnatal sex hormone levels and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) to shed light on a potential role for the adrenal gland in autism pathophysiology. A case-control study investigating estradiol (E2), DHEA, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels was conducted with 31 Saudi males with autism and 28 healthy, age-matched boys plasma. Moreover, correlation analysis with measured hormones and previously measured total testosterone (TT) and free testosterone (FT) in the same group of autism was conducted. DHEA was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the autism group compared to controls. DHEA positively correlated with previously measured TT (r = + 0.79, p < 0.001) and FT (r = + 0.72, p < 0.001) levels in the same autism group. FSH levels were also significantly higher in the autism group than in the control group (p < 0.01). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report a strong positive correlation between TT, FT and DHEA, suggesting an adrenal source for elevated androgen levels.

scholarly journals Serum High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Endogenous Sex Hormones in Diabetic Men

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Shakir F.T. Al-Aaraji
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Dm Type 2 ◽  
Endogenous Sex Hormones

The objective of this cross sectional study was to assess the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2  in men on endogenous sex hormones: estradiol (E2) and  total testosterone (TT); pituitary gland hormones: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)  as well as high sensitive C-Reactive protein (hs-CRP) in men. This study comprised a total of (80) subjects out of which (40) were normal and (40) were diabetic males. The results obtained indicated a significant increasing (p≤ 0.05) of serum hs-CRP and E2 in men with DM type 2 comparison to non-diabetics, while a significant reduction (p≤ 0.05) of  serum testosterone in men with DM type 2 comparison to non-diabetics, and non-significant reduction of serum LH, FSH in men with DM type 2 comparison to non-diabetics were observed. The data from this study show the role of endogenous sex hormones and hs-CRP in diabetes risk. Testosterone levels are partly influenced by insulin resistance, which may represent an important avenue for intervention

scholarly journals The Effect of Metformin vs Placebo on Sex Hormones in Canadian Cancer Trials Group MA.32

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Pimentel ◽  
Bingshu E Chen ◽  
Ana Elisa Lohmann ◽  
Marguerite Ennis ◽  
Jennifer Ligibel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Endocrine Treatment ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Bioavailable Testosterone ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Neo Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Estradiol Levels

Abstract Background Metformin has been associated with lower breast cancer (BC) risk and improved outcomes in observational studies. Multiple biologic mechanisms have been proposed, including a recent report of altered sex hormones. We evaluated the effect of metformin on sex hormones in MA.32, a phase III trial of nondiabetic BC subjects who were randomly assigned to metformin or placebo. Methods We studied the subgroup of postmenopausal hormone receptor-negative BC subjects not receiving endocrine treatment who provided fasting blood at baseline and at 6 months after being randomly assigned. Sex hormone-binding globulin, bioavailable testosterone, and estradiol levels were assayed using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Change from baseline to 6 months between study arms was compared using Wilcoxon sum rank tests and regression models. Results 312 women were eligible (141 metformin vs 171 placebo); the majority of subjects in each arm had T1/2, N0, HER2-negative BC and had received (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. Mean age was 58.1 (SD=6.9) vs 57.5 (SD=7.9) years, mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.3 (SD=5.5) vs 28.9 (SD=6.4) kg/m2 for metformin vs placebo, respectively. Median estradiol decreased between baseline and 6 months on metformin vs placebo (−5.7 vs 0 pmol/L; P &lt; .001) in univariable analysis and after controlling for baseline BMI and BMI change (P &lt; .001). There was no change in sex hormone-binding globulin or bioavailable testosterone. Conclusion Metformin lowered estradiol levels, independent of BMI. This observation suggests a new metformin effect that has potential relevance to estrogen sensitive cancers.

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