scholarly journals Does China's Carbon Trading Policy Improve Regional Energy Efficiency? —An Analysis Based on Quasi Experimental and Policy Spillover Effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-mei Zhang ◽  
Fei-fei Lu ◽  
Dan Xue
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Trading Policy

Abstract Carbon trading policy is important for addressing climate change and reducing carbon emissions. Reducing carbon emissions could further affect energy efficiency (EE). Based on the data of 30 provinces in China from 2006 to 2017, we first calculated the EE by the super-slack-based model (Super-SBM). We then analyzed the theoretical mechanism of the impact of carbon trading policies on EE. We also established a difference-in-difference model and mediation effect model for empirical analysis. Finally, we used the spatial difference-in-difference (SDID) model to test the policy spillover effect of carbon trading policies. The results showed that the high energy efficiency areas gradually shifted to the central and eastern regions with the change of time in space. At the same time, the energy efficiency value in the pilot area of carbon trading policy is obviously higher than that in the non-pilot area. Carbon trading policy had a significant positive effect on improving EE. Among them, green technology innovation and energy structure both had positive mediation effects on carbon trading policies affecting EE. Additionally, the industrial structuring adjustment had no significant mediation effect in its influencing mechanism. Finally, the spatial spillover effect test results show that the carbon trading policy has a positive effect on the energy efficiency of the pilot areas, but has a negative spillover effect on the energy efficiency of the non-pilot areas. That is, the policy may improve the energy efficiency of the pilot areas and reduce the energy efficiency of the non-pilot areas at the same time.

scholarly journals Spatial Effects of Technological Progress and Financial Support on China’s Provincial Carbon Emissions

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Zhou ◽  
Yaru Xu ◽  
Chuanzhe Liu ◽  
Zhuoqing Fang ◽  
Jiayi Guo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Financial Structure ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Financial Efficiency

The spatial autocorrelation analysis method was applied to panel data from the provinces of China (including autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) for the period 2003 to 2016 in order to construct a spatial Durbin model of technological progress and financial support in relation to reductions in carbon emissions. The results show that China’s carbon intensity presents significant spatial spillover effects under different spatial weights, which indicates that the carbon intensity of a province is influenced not only by its own characteristics, but also by the carbon emission behaviors of geographically adjacent and economically similar provinces and regions. Financial structure, financial scale, and financial efficiency all have significant effects on carbon intensity within a province, while financial structure is also linked to carbon intensity in other regions, but financial scale has no significant spillover effect on carbon intensity in space. Areas with high financial efficiency can reduce their own carbon intensity as well as that of surrounding areas. The inter-regional spillover effect of technological progress on carbon intensity is stronger than the spillover effect, but there is a time lag.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Effects of the Belt and Road Initiative on Energy Efficiency in Participating Countries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5594
Author(s):  
Yan Wu ◽  
Cong Hu ◽  
Xunpeng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Low Income ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Development Capacity ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

The Belt and Road investment involves a large number of renewable energy projects, but whether the energy efficiency is linked to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) cooperation has yet to be established in the literature. This research attempts to close this gap by looking at how the BRI affects the energy efficiency of participating nations after the fact through a counterfactual analysis. Based on the Difference-in-Difference-in-Difference (DDD) and quantile DID methods for the panel dataset covering 178 nations and areas for the period of 2002 to 2018, we explored the impacts of BRI on energy efficiency vary by different energy efficiency quantiles, resource endowments, and income levels. First, the positive effects of BRI are significant in medium-and high-energy efficiency quantiles but are not significant in low-energy efficiency quantiles for up to 30%. Second, the BRI tends to increase more energy efficiencies in resource-rich BRI countries than those in resource-poor BRI countries. Third, the BRI tends to increase more energy efficiencies in low-income BRI countries than those in high-income BRI countries. The findings can assist BRI countries in improving energy efficiency and sustainable development capacity under the initiative, thus resolving the increasing anxieties in climate change and environmental pollution in this area.

Effects of brand alliance on brand equity

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baolong Ma ◽  
Feiyan Cheng ◽  
Jingjing Bu ◽  
Jiefan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Brand Equity ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Brand Alliances ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alliance Partner ◽  
Brand Alliance ◽  
A Company ◽  
Positive Effect

PurposeAlthough brand alliance has become quite ubiquitous in the marketplace and attracted considerable interest amongst researchers, little research has investigated its effects on the brand equity of partners. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate why and how brand alliance affects the brand equity of the partners in an alliance.Design/methodology/approachThe hypotheses were tested by analysing the data of 260 participants in China, which were collected from an experiment.FindingsThis research draws five conclusions: the brand equity of a pre-alliance partner has a positive effect on brand alliance evaluation; product fit and brand fit amongst partners also have a positive effect on brand alliance evaluation; alliance brand evaluation has a positive impact on the brand equity of a post-alliance brand; the brand equity of a pre-alliance partner exerts a positive effect on the brand equity of a post-alliance partner; and the spillover effect of brand alliance for a weak brand is stronger than that of a strong brand in an asymmetrical brand alliance.Originality/valueThis research introduces brand equity into the field of brand alliance. From the perspective of consumer perception, the authors measure brand equity and provide insights for a company to effectively enhance brand equity through brand alliance. The authors explore ways to increase the brand equity of partners through brand alliance. Additionally, the authors discuss the spillover effects of the brand equity of partners in symmetric and asymmetric brand alliances.

scholarly journals Impacts of OFDI on Host Country Energy Consumption and Home Country Energy Efficiency Based on a Belt and Road Perspective

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7343
Author(s):  
Xing Zhou ◽  
Quan Guo ◽  
Ming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Belt And Road

Under the Belt and Road concepts of mutual benefit and win–win cooperation, China is strengthening its energy cooperation with other countries. We used several econometric models and social network analysis models to study the impacts of China’s outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) on the host and home countries. We first examined China’s OFDI location preference and analysed the effects of OFDI on energy consumption in host countries. Meanwhile, we observed the impact of the reverse spillover effect of OFDI on China’s energy efficiency. The results indicate that (1) the impact of China’s OFDI on energy consumption in host countries has been lower than that on neighbouring countries, and increased significantly after 2014. (2) The space network of energy consumption in Belt and Road countries has a strict hierarchical structure. However, it was disbanded by the Belt and Road policy in 2014. The network centres are situated primarily in Middle Eastern and European countries, and the network’s periphery is mainly in South-East and West Asian countries. (3) The reverse spillover effects of OFDI, FDI, domestic R&D absorptive capacity, human capital, and financial development levels are conducive to improving China’s energy efficiency whereas regional professionalism does the opposite.

scholarly journals The Spillover Effect Evaluation of Chinese Emissions Trading Scheme

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinwu Li ◽  
Chan Wang ◽  
Lianggui Liao ◽  
Hongxin Wen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Intermediate Products ◽  
Carbon Transfer ◽  
Emissions Trading Scheme ◽  
Trading Scheme

Carbon emissions trading scheme (ETS) is becoming a crucial policy in mitigating global climate change. This paper purposes to evaluate the spillover effect of Chinese ETS policy with the data of 30 provinces’ carbon emissions in China by China-MRIO model and input-output analysis. The MRIO model provides the change in production value in each region in the intermediate demand and final demand. 2012 and 2015 were selected as case study years to highlight the spillover effects of ETS policy. The results show that some pilot regions such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Chongqing reduced their directed CO2 emissions while Guangdong and Hubei increased their directed CO2 compared to 2012. However, there were places like Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, and Xinjiang that undertook a mass of embodied CO2 emissions which were majorly caused by providing intermediate products. Similarly, the pilot regions transferred out CO2 emissions by using a good deal of intermediate products. Thus, it is argued that carbon transfer evaluation can provide scientific support for carbon allowance formulating and it is important for policymakers to consider embodied carbon emissions in intermediate product trading when allocating carbon allowance under the market strength of ETS.

scholarly journals Direct Rebound Effect for Electricity Consumption of Urban Residents in China Based on the Spatial Spillover Effect

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Han ◽  
Jianhua Shi ◽  
Yuanfan Yang ◽  
Yaxin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Rebound Effect ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Local Region ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Spatial Spillover ◽  
Direct Rebound Effect ◽  
Spatial Spillover Effect

Based on methods of price decomposition and spatial econometrics, this paper improves the model for calculating the direct energy rebound effect employing the panel data of China’s urban residents’ electricity consumption for an empirical analysis. Results show that the global spatial correlation of urban residents’ electricity consumption has a significant positive value. The direct rebound effect and its spillover effects are 37% and 13%, respectively. Due to the spatial spillover effects, the realization of energy-saving targets in the local region depends on the implementation effect of energy efficiency policies in the surrounding areas. However, the spatial spillover effect is low, and the direct rebound effect induced by the local region is still the dominant factor affecting the implementation of energy efficiency. The direct rebound effect for urban residents’ electricity consumption eliminating the spatial spillover effect does not show a significant downward trend. The main reason is that the rapid urbanization process at the current stage has caused a rigid residents’ electricity demand and large-scale marginal consumer groups, which offsets the inhibition effect of income growth on the direct rebound effect.

scholarly journals R&D Spillover Effects on the Strategic Behavior of Large International Firms during the World Financial Crisis

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Luigi Aldieri ◽  
Maria Carmela Aprile ◽  
Concetto Paolo Vinci
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Strategic Behavior ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
International Firms ◽  
Output Matrix ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between competition and innovation through the knowledge spillover effect. In particular, we investigate whether R&D competition is sensitive to economic shock. To this end, we consider a period of time related also to the 2008 financial crisis. We implement an empirical analysis of 879 worldwide R&D-intensive firms. In order to measure technological proximity, we use two approaches: one based on Jaffe industry weight matrix, relative to patents distributed across technology classes; one based on trade intensity between sectors using input–output matrix data. The empirical results show a positive effect of R&D externalities on competitive interactions before the beginning of crisis and a negative one after it. These findings are robust with respect to the procedure employed in the estimation method.

Reactions in Activated Peroxide Systems and their Influences on Bleaching Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Wang ◽  
Jinmei Du ◽  
Changhai Xu
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Competitive Reactions ◽  
High Energy Efficiency ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Bleach Activators

Abstract:: Activated peroxide systems are formed by adding so-called bleach activators to aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, developed in the seventies of the last century for use in domestic laundry for their high energy efficiency and introduced at the beginning of the 21st century to the textile industry as an approach toward overcoming the extensive energy consumption in bleaching. In activated peroxide systems, bleach activators undergo perhydrolysis to generate more kinetically active peracids that enable bleaching under milder conditions while hydrolysis of bleach activators and decomposition of peracids may occur as side reactions to weaken the bleaching efficiency. This mini-review aims to summarize these competitive reactions in activated peroxide systems and their influence on bleaching performance.

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