Overexpression of Some Stress Tolerance Genes Confers Enhanced Pesticide Tolerance in 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Treated Bean Seedlings
Abstract Overdose of pesticides leads to a decrease in yield and quality of plants such as bean. The unconscious use of deltamethrin, one of the synthetic insecticides, increases the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by causing oxidative stress in plants. In this case, plants tolerate to stress by activating the antioxidant defense mechanism and many genes. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) improves tolerance to stress by external administration in low doses. There are many gene families that are effective in the regulation of this mechanism. In addition, one of the response mechanisms at the molecular level against environmental stressors in plants is retrotransposon movements. In this study, the expression levels of SOD, GPX, CAT and SAP genes were determined by Q-PCR in deltamethrin (0.5 ppm) and various doses (20, 40 and 80 mg/l) of ALA treated bean seedlings. It was determined that while deltamethrin increased the expression of these genes, 20 and 40 mg/l ALA gradually increased the expression of genes at levels close to control, but 80 mg/l ALA increased almost the same level as deltamethrin. In addition, REMAP was performed to determine the polymorphism caused by retrotransposon movements. While deltamethrin treatment has caused to decrease of genomic template stability (GTS), ALA treatments have prevented this decline. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that ALA gives the utility for alleviating pesticide stress effects on bean.