scholarly journals Estimation of Genetic Parameters of Biomass Production and Composition Traits in Miscanthus Sinensis Using a Staggered-start Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Raverdy ◽  
Emilie Mignot ◽  
Stéphanie Arnoult ◽  
Laura Fingar ◽  
Guillaume Bodineau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Year Effect ◽  
Large Interaction

Abstract Traits for biomass production and composition make Miscanthus a promising bioenergy crop for different bioconversion routes. They need to be considered in miscanthus breeding programs as they are subjected to genetic and genetic x environment factors. The objective was to estimate the genetic parameters of an M. sinensis population grown during four years in two French locations. In each location, the experiment was established according to a staggered-start design in order to decompose the year effect into age and climate effects. Linear Mixed Models were used to estimate genetic variance, genotype x age, genotype x climate interaction variances and residual variances. Individual plant broad-sense heritability means ranged from 0.42 to 0.62 for biomass production traits, and were more heritable than biomass composition traits with means ranging from 0.26 to 0.47. Heritability increased through time for most of the biomass production and composition traits. Low genetic variance along with large genotype x age and genotype x climate interaction variances tended to decrease the heritability of biomass production traits for young plant ages. Most of the production traits showed large interaction variances for age and climate in both locations, while biomass composition traits highlighted large interaction variances due to climate in Orléans. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between biomass production and composition traits were moderate and positive, while hemicelluloses were negatively correlated with all traits. Efficient genetic progress is achievable for miscanthus breeding when plants get older. The joint improvement of biomass production and composition traits would help provide a better response of miscanthus to selection.

scholarly journals Linkage Mapping of Biomass Production and Composition Traits in a Miscanthus Sinensis Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael RAVERDY ◽  
Kristelle LOURGANT ◽  
Emilie MIGNOT ◽  
Stéphanie ARNOULT ◽  
Guillaume BODINEAU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Year Effect

Abstract Breeding miscanthus for biomass production and composition is essential for targeting high-yielding genotypes suited to different end-uses. Our objective was to understand the genetic determinism of these traits in M. sinensis, according to different plant ages and environmental conditions. A diploid population was established in two locations according to a staggered-start design, which made the “year” effect partitioned into “age” and “growing season” effects. An integrated genetic map of 2,602 SNP markers distributed across 19 LGs, was aligned with the M. sinensis reference genome and spanned 2,770 cM. The QTL mapping was based on Best Linear Unbiased Predictions estimated across three climatic conditions and at least three ages in both locations. 260 and 283 QTL were related to biomass production and composition traits, respectively. In each location, 40%-60% were related to biomass production traits and stable across different climatic conditions and ages, and 30% to biomass composition traits. Ten to fifteen% were stable for both trait types across locations. Twelve QTL clusters were established based on either biomass production or composition traits, and validated by high genetic correlations between the traits. Sixty-two putative M. sinensis genes, related to the cell-wall, were evidenced in the QTL clusters of biomass composition traits, and orthologous to those of sorghum and maize. Twelve of them were differentially expressed and belonged to gene families related to the cell-wall biosynthesis identified in other miscanthus studies. These stable QTL constitute new insights into Marker-Assisted Selection breeding while offering a joint improvement of biomass production or composition traits.

The incorporation of fertility indices in genetic improvement programmes

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Pryce ◽  
R.F. Veerkamp
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Days Open

AbstractIn recent years there has been considerable genetic progress in milk production. Yet, increases in yield have been accompanied by an apparent lengthening of calving intervals, days open, days to first heat and a decline in conception rates, which appears to be both at the genetic and phenotypic level. Fertility has a high relative economic value compared to production traits such as protein, making it attractive to include in a breeding programme. To do this there needs to be genetic variance in fertility. Measures of fertility calculated from service dates have a small genetic compared to phenotypic variance, hence heritability estimates are small, typically less than 5%, although coefficients of genetic variance are comparable to those of production traits. Heritabilities of commencement of luteal activity determined using progesterone profiles are generally higher, and have been reported as being from 0.16 to 0.28, which could be because of a more precise quantification of genetic variance, as management influences such as delaying insemination and heat detection rates are excluded. However, it might not be the use of progesterone profiles alone, as days to first heat observed by farm staff has a heritability of 0.15. The most efficient way to breed for improved fertility is to construct a selection index using the genetic and phenotypic parameter estimates of all traits of interest in addition to their respective economic values. Index traits for fertility could include measures such as calving interval, days open, days to first service, or days to first heat but there may also be alternative measures. Examples include traits related to energy balance, such as live weight and condition score (change), both of which have higher heritabilities than fertility measures and have genetic correlations of sufficient magnitude to make genetic progress by using them feasible. To redress the balance between fertility and production, some countries already publish genetic evaluations of fertility including: Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Israel, The Netherlands, Norway and Sweden.

scholarly journals Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Pork Quality, Novel Carcass, Primal-Cut and Growth Traits in Duroc Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah E. Willson ◽  
Hinayah Rojas de Oliveira ◽  
Allan P. Schinckel ◽  
Daniela Grossi ◽  
Luiz F. Brito
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Pork Quality ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Selection Indexes

More recently, swine breeding programs have aimed to include pork quality and novel carcass (e.g., specific primal cuts such as the Boston butt or belly that are not commonly used in selection indexes) and belly traits together with growth, feed efficiency and carcass leanness in the selection indexes of terminal-sire lines, in order to efficiently produce pork with improved quality at a low cost to consumers. In this context, the success of genetic selection for such traits relies on accurate estimates of heritabilities and genetic correlations between traits. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for 39 traits in Duroc pigs (three growth, eight conventional carcass (commonly measured production traits; e.g., backfat depth), 10 pork quality and 18 novel carcass traits). Phenotypic measurements were collected on 2583 purebred Duroc gilts, and the variance components were estimated using both univariate and bivariate models and REML procedures. Moderate to high heritability estimates were found for most traits, while genetic correlations tended to be low to moderate overall. Moderate to high genetic correlations were found between growth, primal-cuts and novel carcass traits, while low to moderate correlations were found between pork quality and growth and carcass traits. Some genetic antagonisms were observed, but they are of low to moderate magnitude. This indicates that genetic progress can be achieved for all traits when using an adequate selection index.

Corrigendum - Response to selection in Australian Merino sheep. II. Estimates of phenotypic and genetic parameters for some production traits in Merino ewes and an analysis of the possible effects of selection on them

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
GH Brown ◽  
HN Turner
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Selection History ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Selection For

Estimates of heritabilities and of phenotypic and genetic correlations are given, based on extensive measurements on medium Peppin Merino ewes at 15–16 months of age. In general these substantiate results obtained by other workers and, in particular, confirm the high heritabilities of the traits measured. An effort has been made to try to detect possible changes in additive genetic variance for the trait under selection (clean wool weight). Estimates are obtained for data from animals at different stages of selection: (A) either unselected, or with little selection history, and (B and C) with varying amounts of selection. For stage A data the average estimated additive genetic variance was 0.31. There are problems involved in estimating from stage (B+C) data but an upper limit average value of 0.22 was obtained. Thus, although a decrease in additive genetic variance has occurred, its statistical significance is unknown and conclusions about the decrease must necessarily be tentative. In practically all cases the estimates of phenotypic and genetic correlations are of the same order of magnitude, and for the genetic correlations may be summarized as: See PDFAll other combinations of traits have negligible genetic correlations (in the range –0.20 to + 0.2).

scholarly journals Methods of Increasing Miscanthus Biomass Yield for Biofuel Production

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8368
Author(s):  
Evgeny Chupakhin ◽  
Olga Babich ◽  
Stanislav Sukhikh ◽  
Svetlana Ivanova ◽  
Ekaterina Budenkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
High Biomass ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Bioenergy Production ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Miscanthus Sacchariflorus

The lignocellulosic perennial crop miscanthus, especially Miscanthus × giganteus, is particularly interesting for bioenergy production as it combines high biomass production with low environmental impact. However, there are several varieties that pose a hazard due to susceptibility to disease. This review contains links showing genotype and ecological variability of important characteristics related to yield and biomass composition of miscanthus that may be useful in plant breeding programs to increase bioenergy production. Some clones of Miscanthus × giganteus and Miscanthus sinensis are particularly interesting due to their high biomass production per hectare. Although the compositional requirements for industrial biomass have not been fully defined for the various bioenergy conversion processes, the lignin-rich species Miscanthus × giganteus and Miscanthus sacchariflorus seem to be more suitable for thermochemical conversion processes. At the same time, the species Miscanthus sinensis and some clones of Miscanthus × giganteus with low lignin content are of interest for the biochemical transformation process. The species Miscanthus sacchariflorus is suitable for various bioenergy conversion processes due to its low ash content, so this species is also interesting as a pioneer in breeding programs. Mature miscanthus crops harvested in winter are favored by industrial enterprises to improve efficiency and reduce processing costs. This study can be attributed to other monocotyledonous plants and perennial crops that can be used as feedstock for biofuels.

Response to selection in Australian Merino sheep. II. Estimates of phenotypic and genetic parameters for some production traits in Merino ewes and an analysis of the possible effects of selection on them

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
GH Brown ◽  
HN Turner
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Selection History ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Selection For

Estimates of heritabilities and of phenotypic and genetic correlations are given, based on extensive measurements on medium Peppin Merino ewes at 15–16 months of age. In general these substantiate results obtained by other workers and, in particular, confirm the high heritabilities of the traits measured. An effort has been made to try to detect possible changes in additive genetic variance for the trait under selection (clean wool weight). Estimates are obtained for data from animals at different stages of selection: (A) either unselected, or with little selection history, and (B and C) with varying amounts of selection. For stage A data the average estimated additive genetic variance was 0.31. There are problems involved in estimating from stage (B+C) data but an upper limit average value of 0.22 was obtained. Thus, although a decrease in additive genetic variance has occurred, its statistical significance is unknown and conclusions about the decrease must necessarily be tentative. In practically all cases the estimates of phenotypic and genetic correlations are of the same order of magnitude, and for the genetic correlations may be summarized as: See PDFAll other combinations of traits have negligible genetic correlations (in the range –0.20 to + 0.2).

scholarly journals Genetic Parameters for Traits Related to Mechanized Harvesting in a Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Population

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 796D-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Serquen ◽  
J. Staub
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Cucumber Plant ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Plant Ideotype

Sex expression (SE), stem length (SL), and number of laterals plant (NL) are important morphological traits of a cucumber plant ideotype adapted for machine harvesting. Two inbred lines, the determinate, gynoecious G-421, possessing high fruit quality, and the monoecious H-19, with multiple lateral branching and sequential fruiting habit, and their F1 and F3 (100) progenies were planted in Wisconsin and Georgia. Data on SE, SL, and NL were recorded on individual plant basis. Genetic parameters were estimated using all generations. Phenotypic correlations were calculated from the trait means, and genotypic correlations were estimated from the analysis of variance of F3 progeny. The additive genetic variance was the highest of the variance components for SL and NL. Dominance genetic variance was more important than the additive variance for the control of SE. Narrow-sense heritability were 0.41, 0.83, and 0.85 for SE, SL, and NL, respectively. The genotypic (g) and phenotypic (p) correlation coefficients (r) indicated negative association between SE and SL (rg = –0.57, rp = –0.45**) and between SE and NL (rg = –0.56, rp = –0.27**). The association between SL and NL was positive (rg = 0.63, rp = 0.35**). Results suggest that gain from selection can be made for this plant ideotype.

Genetic parameters for reproduction and production traits of Landrace sows in Thailand1

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Imboonta ◽  
L. Rydhmer ◽  
S. Tumwasorn
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Production Traits

scholarly journals Sapling and coppice biomass heritabilities and potential gains from Eucalyptus polybractea progeny trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beren Spencer ◽  
Richard Mazanec ◽  
Mark Gibberd ◽  
Ayalsew Zerihun
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Sapling Growth ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Breeding Selections ◽  
Cross Site

AbstractEucalyptus polybractea has been planted as a short-rotation coppice crop for bioenergy in Western Australia. Historical breeding selections were based on sapling biomass and despite a long history as a coppice crop, the genetic parameters of coppicing are unknown. Here, we assessed sapling biomass at ages 3 and 6 from three progeny trials across southern Australia. After the second sapling assessment, all trees were harvested. Coppice biomass was assessed 3.5 years later. Mortality following harvest was between 1 and 2%. Additive genetic variance for the 6-sapling estimate at one site was not significant. Sapling heritabilities were between 0.06 and 0.36 at 3 years, and 0.18 and 0.20 at 6 years. The heritability for the coppice biomass was between 0.07 and 0.17. Within-site genetic and phenotypic correlations were strong between all biomass assessments. Cross-site correlations were not different from unity. Selections based on net breeding values revealed positive gains in sapling and coppice biomass. Lower or negative gains were estimated if 3-year sapling selections were applied to the coppice assessments (−7.1% to 3.4%) with useful families culled. Positive gains were obtained if 6-year sapling selections were applied to the coppice assessment (6.4% to 9.3%) but these were lower than those obtained by applying coppice selections to the coppice assessment (8.4% to 14.8%). Removal of poor performing families and families that displayed fast sapling growth rates but under-performed as coppice will benefit potential coppice production. These results indicate that selections should be made using coppice data.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability, Correlation among Agronomic Traits, and Genetic Progress in a Sugarcane Diversity Panel

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
Fernanda Zatti Barreto ◽  
Thiago Willian Almeida Balsalobre ◽  
Roberto Giacomini Chapola ◽  
Antonio Augusto Franco Garcia ◽  
Anete Pereira Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Diversity Panel ◽  
Adjusted Means ◽  
Historical Series

Sugarcane breeding programs require 15 years of experimentation to create more productive cultivars, and estimates of genetic progress can indicate the efficiency of breeding programs. In this study, we used a diversity panel, the Brazilian Panel of Sugarcane Genotypes (BPSG), with the following objectives: (i) to estimate, through a mixed model, the adjusted means and genetic parameters of ten traits evaluated over three harvest years; (ii) to estimate genotypic correlation among those traits; and (iii) to estimate genetic progress over six decades of breeding. The heritabilities ranged from 0.43 to 0.88, and we detected 42 significant correlations, 9 negative and 33 positive. Over six decades, the sucrose-related traits BRIX, POL%C, and POL%J showed an average increase per decade of 0.27 °Brix (0.26% and 0.31%, respectively). Stalk number, height, and weight of the plot, and cane and sucrose yields revealed average increases per decade of 3.27 stalks, 0.06 m, 9.42 kg, 11.22 t/ha, and 2.08 t/ha, respectively. The genetic progress of the main agronomic traits is discussed through a historical series of sugarcane genotypes present in the BPSG. The findings of this study could contribute to the management of new breeding strategies and allow for future studies of associative mapping.

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