Methods of Increasing Miscanthus Biomass Yield for Biofuel Production

The lignocellulosic perennial crop miscanthus, especially Miscanthus × giganteus, is particularly interesting for bioenergy production as it combines high biomass production with low environmental impact. However, there are several varieties that pose a hazard due to susceptibility to disease. This review contains links showing genotype and ecological variability of important characteristics related to yield and biomass composition of miscanthus that may be useful in plant breeding programs to increase bioenergy production. Some clones of Miscanthus × giganteus and Miscanthus sinensis are particularly interesting due to their high biomass production per hectare. Although the compositional requirements for industrial biomass have not been fully defined for the various bioenergy conversion processes, the lignin-rich species Miscanthus × giganteus and Miscanthus sacchariflorus seem to be more suitable for thermochemical conversion processes. At the same time, the species Miscanthus sinensis and some clones of Miscanthus × giganteus with low lignin content are of interest for the biochemical transformation process. The species Miscanthus sacchariflorus is suitable for various bioenergy conversion processes due to its low ash content, so this species is also interesting as a pioneer in breeding programs. Mature miscanthus crops harvested in winter are favored by industrial enterprises to improve efficiency and reduce processing costs. This study can be attributed to other monocotyledonous plants and perennial crops that can be used as feedstock for biofuels.

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Estimation of Genetic Parameters of Biomass Production and Composition Traits in Miscanthus Sinensis Using a Staggered-start Design

10.21203/rs.3.rs-354838/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Raphael Raverdy ◽

Emilie Mignot ◽

Stéphanie Arnoult ◽

Laura Fingar ◽

Guillaume Bodineau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biomass Production ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Genetic Variance ◽

Biomass Composition ◽

Miscanthus Sinensis ◽

Individual Plant ◽

Production Traits ◽

Genetic Progress ◽

Year Effect ◽

Large Interaction

Abstract Traits for biomass production and composition make Miscanthus a promising bioenergy crop for different bioconversion routes. They need to be considered in miscanthus breeding programs as they are subjected to genetic and genetic x environment factors. The objective was to estimate the genetic parameters of an M. sinensis population grown during four years in two French locations. In each location, the experiment was established according to a staggered-start design in order to decompose the year effect into age and climate effects. Linear Mixed Models were used to estimate genetic variance, genotype x age, genotype x climate interaction variances and residual variances. Individual plant broad-sense heritability means ranged from 0.42 to 0.62 for biomass production traits, and were more heritable than biomass composition traits with means ranging from 0.26 to 0.47. Heritability increased through time for most of the biomass production and composition traits. Low genetic variance along with large genotype x age and genotype x climate interaction variances tended to decrease the heritability of biomass production traits for young plant ages. Most of the production traits showed large interaction variances for age and climate in both locations, while biomass composition traits highlighted large interaction variances due to climate in Orléans. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between biomass production and composition traits were moderate and positive, while hemicelluloses were negatively correlated with all traits. Efficient genetic progress is achievable for miscanthus breeding when plants get older. The joint improvement of biomass production and composition traits would help provide a better response of miscanthus to selection.

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Potential Impacts of Water Stress on Rice Biomass Composition and Feedstock Availability for Bioenergy Production

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su131810449 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (18) ◽

pp. 10449

Author(s):

Nurda Hussain ◽

Mukhtar Ahmed ◽

Saowapa Duangpan ◽

Tajamul Hussain ◽

Juntakan Taweekun

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Biomass Composition ◽

Biomass Feedstock ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Biomass Quality ◽

Bioenergy Production ◽

Feedstock Availability ◽

The Impact

Bioenergy from rice biomass feedstock is considered one of the potential clean energy resources and several small biomass-based powerplants have been established in rice–growing areas of Thailand. Rice production is significantly affected by drought occurrence which results in declined biomass production and quality. The impact of water stress (WS) was evaluated on six rice cultivars for biomass quality, production and bioenergy potential. Rice cultivars were experimented on in the field under well–watered (WW) and WS conditions. Data for biomass contributing parameters were collected at harvest whereas rice biomass samples were analyzed for proximate and lignocellulosic contents. Results indicated that WS negatively influenced crop performance resulting in 11–41% declined biomass yield (BY). Stability assessment indicated that cultivars Hom Pathum and Dum Ja were stress–tolerant as they exhibited smaller reductions by 11% in their BY under WS. Statistics for proximate components indicated a significant negative impact influencing biomass quality as ash contents of Hom Chan, Dum Ja and RD-15 were increased by 4–29%. Lignocellulosic analysis indicated, an increase in lignin contents of Hom Nang Kaew, Hom Pathum, Dum Ja and RD–15 ranging 7–39%. Reduced biomass production resulted in a 10–42% reduction in bioenergy potential (E). Results proved that cultivation of stress-susceptible cultivars or farmer’s choice and occurrence of WS during crop growth will reduce biomass production, biomass feedstock availability to biomass-based powerplants and affect powerplant’s conversion efficiency resulting in declined bioenergy production.

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Linkage Mapping of Biomass Production and Composition Traits in a Miscanthus Sinensis Population

10.21203/rs.3.rs-751573/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Raphael RAVERDY ◽

Kristelle LOURGANT ◽

Emilie MIGNOT ◽

Stéphanie ARNOULT ◽

Guillaume BODINEAU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Gene Families ◽

Snp Markers ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Biomass Composition ◽

Miscanthus Sinensis ◽

Production Traits ◽

Year Effect

Abstract Breeding miscanthus for biomass production and composition is essential for targeting high-yielding genotypes suited to different end-uses. Our objective was to understand the genetic determinism of these traits in M. sinensis, according to different plant ages and environmental conditions. A diploid population was established in two locations according to a staggered-start design, which made the “year” effect partitioned into “age” and “growing season” effects. An integrated genetic map of 2,602 SNP markers distributed across 19 LGs, was aligned with the M. sinensis reference genome and spanned 2,770 cM. The QTL mapping was based on Best Linear Unbiased Predictions estimated across three climatic conditions and at least three ages in both locations. 260 and 283 QTL were related to biomass production and composition traits, respectively. In each location, 40%-60% were related to biomass production traits and stable across different climatic conditions and ages, and 30% to biomass composition traits. Ten to fifteen% were stable for both trait types across locations. Twelve QTL clusters were established based on either biomass production or composition traits, and validated by high genetic correlations between the traits. Sixty-two putative M. sinensis genes, related to the cell-wall, were evidenced in the QTL clusters of biomass composition traits, and orthologous to those of sorghum and maize. Twelve of them were differentially expressed and belonged to gene families related to the cell-wall biosynthesis identified in other miscanthus studies. These stable QTL constitute new insights into Marker-Assisted Selection breeding while offering a joint improvement of biomass production or composition traits.

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Population structure of Miscanthus sacchariflorus reveals two major polyploidization events, tetraploid-mediated unidirectional introgression from diploid M. sinensis, and diversity centred around the Yellow Sea

Annals of Botany ◽

10.1093/aob/mcy161 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 124 (4) ◽

pp. 731-748 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Lindsay V Clark ◽

Xiaoli Jin ◽

Karen Koefoed Petersen ◽

Kossanou G Anzoua ◽

Larissa Bagmet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

East Asia ◽

Yellow Sea ◽

Perennial Grass ◽

The Yellow Sea ◽

Miscanthus Sinensis ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Snp Data ◽

Miscanthus Giganteus ◽

Miscanthus Sacchariflorus

Abstract Background and Aims Miscanthus, a C4 perennial grass native to East Asia, is a promising biomass crop. Miscanthus sacchariflorus has a broad geographic range, is used to produce paper in China and is one of the parents (along with Miscanthus sinensis) of the important biomass species Miscanthus × giganteus. The largest study of M. sacchariflorus population genetics to date is reported here. Methods Collections included 764 individuals across East Asia. Samples were genotyped with 34 605 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) and ten plastid microsatellites, and were subjected to ploidy analysis by flow cytometry. Key Results Six major genetic groups within M. sacchariflorus were identified using SNP data: three diploid groups, comprising Yangtze (M. sacchariflorus ssp. lutarioriparius), N China and Korea/NE China/Russia; and three tetraploid groups, comprising N China/Korea/Russia, S Japan and N Japan. Miscanthus sacchariflorus ssp. lutarioriparius was derived from the N China group, with a substantial bottleneck. Japanese and mainland tetraploids originated from independent polyploidization events. Hybrids between diploid M. sacchariflorus and M. sinensis were identified in Korea, but without introgression into either parent species. In contrast, tetraploid M. sacchariflorus in southern Japan and Korea exhibited substantial hybridization and introgression with local diploid M. sinensis. Conclusions Genetic data indicated that the land now under the Yellow Sea was a centre of diversity for M. sacchariflorus during the last glacial maximum, followed by a series of migrations as the climate became warmer and wetter. Overall, M. sacchariflorus has greater genetic diversity than M. sinensis, suggesting that breeding and selection within M. sacchariflorus will be important for the development of improved M. × giganteus. Ornamental M. sacchariflorus genotypes in Europe and North America represent a very narrow portion of the species’ genetic diversity, and thus do not well represent the species as a whole.

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Adaptation assessment of drought tolerance in maize populations from the Sahara in both shores of the Mediterranean Sea

Euphytica ◽

10.1007/s10681-021-02902-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 217 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Oula Maafi ◽

Pedro Revilla ◽

Lorena Álvarez-Iglesias ◽

Rosa Ana Malvar ◽

Abderahmane Djemel

Keyword(s):

Drought Tolerance ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Genetic Regulation ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Favorable Alleles ◽

Maize Germplasm ◽

Maize Populations ◽

Potential Source ◽

Main Stress ◽

And Control

AbstractDrought is the main stress for agriculture, and maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm from the Sahara has been identified as potential source of drought tolerance; however, information about adaptation of semitropical maize germplasm from the Sahara to temperate areas has not been reported. Our objective was assessing the adaptation of maize germplasm from Saharan oases as sources of drought tolerance for improving yield and biomass production under drought conditions in temperate environments. A collection of maize populations from Saharan oases was evaluated under drought and control conditions in Spain and Algeria. Algerian populations were significantly different under drought for most traits, and the significant genotype × environment interactions indicated that drought tolerance is genotype-dependent, but tolerance differences among genotypes change across environments. Based on yield, the Algerian maize populations PI527474, PI527478, PI527472, PI527467, PI527470, and PI527473 would be appropriate sources of drought tolerance for temperate environments. Concerning biomass production, the most interesting populations were PI527467, PI542685, PI527478, and PI527472. These Saharan populations could provide favorable alleles for drought tolerance for temperate breeding programs, and could also be used for studying mechanisms and genetic regulation of drought tolerance.

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Growth, Development and Ornamental Value of Miscanthus sinensis (Andersson) Species Depending on the Dose of Shrimp Biowaste

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10030067 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

Piotr Żurawik

Keyword(s):

High Salinity ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Growing Season ◽

Miscanthus Sinensis ◽

Alkaline Ph ◽

Important Group ◽

Planting Material ◽

Miscanthus Giganteus ◽

Before And After ◽

Marine Products

Crustaceans, including shrimps, are an important group of marine products processed in over 50 countries around the world. It is one of the most profitable and fast-growing processing branches. About 30 to 40% of crustaceans are used immediately after fishing, while 60–70% are processed. This generates thousands of tons of waste, proper management of which becomes increasingly important. The study was conducted in the years 2015–2017. Planting material included rhizomes of Miscanthus sinensis and Miscanthus × giganteus. Shrimp shells, dried and fragmented into 2–3 mm long pieces, were added to the soil at a dose of 5%, 10% and 15%. Mineral soil without the dried waste served as control. pH and substrate salinity were determined both before and after the growing season, and vegetative and generative traits of the plants were assessed. Shrimp biowaste is rich in N, P, K, Ca and Mg, has alkaline pH and high salinity. Its effects on plants depend on its dose and plant species. Miscanthus sinensis turned out more sensitive to the substrate salinity but in both species shrimp biowaste improved their ornamental value. For Miscanthus sinensis the most beneficial dose was 5%, while for Miscanthus × giganteus it was 15%.

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Two-phase photoperiodic cultivation of algal–bacterial consortia for high biomass production and efficient nutrient removal from municipal wastewater

Bioresource Technology ◽

10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.007 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 200 ◽

pp. 867-875 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Chang Soo Lee ◽

Hyung-Seok Oh ◽

Hee-Mock Oh ◽

Hee-Sik Kim ◽

Chi-Yong Ahn

Keyword(s):

Biomass Production ◽

Nutrient Removal ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

High Biomass ◽

Two Phase ◽

Bacterial Consortia

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Improved Feedstock Option or Invasive Risk? Comparing Establishment and Productivity of Fertile Miscanthus × giganteus to Miscanthus sinensis

BioEnergy Research ◽

10.1007/s12155-016-9808-1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 317-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Catherine L. Bonin ◽

Evans Mutegi ◽

Allison A. Snow ◽

Maria Miriti ◽

Hsiaochi Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Miscanthus Sinensis ◽

Miscanthus Giganteus

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The Influence of Three Years of Supplemental Nitrogen on Above- and Belowground Biomass Partitioning in a Decade-Old Miscanthus × giganteus in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship (Poland)

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10100473 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 473

Author(s):

Izabela Gołąb-Bogacz ◽

Waldemar Helios ◽

Andrzej Kotecki ◽

Marcin Kozak ◽

Anna Jama-Rodzeńska

Keyword(s):

Biomass Production ◽

Nitrogen Uptake ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Water Concentration ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Belowground Biomass ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Miscanthus Giganteus ◽

And Control ◽

Fertilizer Regimes

Because of the different opinions regarding nitrogen (N) requirements for Miscanthus × giganteus biomass production, we conducted an experiment with a set dose of nitrogen. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of nitrogen fertilization on the biomass yield, water content, and morphological features of rhizomes and aboveground plant parts in various terms during a growing season over the course of three years (2014–2016) in Lower Silesia (Wroclaw, Poland). The nitrogen fertilization (dose 60 kg/ha and control) significantly affected the number of shoots (p = 0.0018), the water concentration of rhizomes (p = 0.0004) and stems (p = 0.0218), the dry matter yield of leaves (p = 0.0000), and the nitrogen uptake (p = 0.0000). Nitrogen fertilization significantly affected the nitrogen uptake in all plant parts (p = 0.0000). Although low levels of nitrogen appeared to be important in maintaining the maximum growth potentials of mature Miscanthus × giganteus, the small reductions in the above- and belowground biomass production are unlikely to outweigh the environmental costs of applying nitrogen. More studies should use the protocols for the above- and belowground yield determination described in this paper in order to create site- and year-specific fertilizer regimes that are optimized for quality and yield for autumn (green) and spring (delayed) harvests.

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