Trends of HIV/AIDS Highlighted the Progresses and Challenges in Prevention and Control From 1990 to 2019

Abstract Background HIV/AIDS is a critical public health concern worldwide. This article aimed to demonstrate th trends of HIV/AIDS burden from 1990 to 2019.Methods Data was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study (GBDs) 2019. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and age-standardized rate (ASR) were estimated to quantify the trends at global, regional and national levels.Results During the period 1990-2004, the trend in incidence of HIV/AIDS was stable globally. Whereas the trends in prevalence, death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) had pronounced increasing trends, with the respective EAPCs were 7.47 (95%confidence interval [CI]: 5.84 to 9.12), 10.85(95%CI: 8.90 to 12.84), and 10.40(95%CI: 8.47 to 12.36). Meanwhile, the pronounced increasing trends were seen in low-resource settings, particularly that of death in Oceania and South Asia, in which the respective EAPCs were 44.76 (95%CI: 40.81 to 48.82) and 40.82 (95%CI: 34.31 to 47.64). However, the global trends in incidence, death and DALYs of HIV/AIDS pronouncedly decreased from 2005 to 2019, with the respective EAPCs were −2.68(95%CI: −2.82 to −2.53), −6.73(95%CI: −6.98 to −6.47) and −6.75(95%CI: −6.95 to −6.54). Whereas prevalence showed increasing trend (EAPC: 0.71, 95%CI: 0.54 to 0.87). Decreasing trends of HIV/AIDS were observed in most regions and countries, particularly that of death and DALYs in Burundi respectively were −15.28 (95%CI: −16.08 to −14.47) and −15.07 (95%CI: −15.79 to −14.33). Conclusions Decreasing trends of HIV/AIDS were observed worldwide over the past 15 years. However, HIV/AIDS remains one of the most critical causes of health loss worldwide, which emphasized the effective prevention and control strategies.

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Prevention and Control Strategy of Reader Factors in Safety Management of Electronic Reading Room

Journal of Electronic Research and Application ◽

10.26689/jera.v5i5.2595 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 20-24

Author(s):

Yanping Dong

Keyword(s):

Control Strategy ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Safety Management ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Reading Room ◽

Effective Prevention ◽

Management Level ◽

Electronic Reading ◽

Specific Safety ◽

And Control

Many libraries have built and opened the electronic reading room, electronic reading room security management has been paid more and more attention. In the specific safety management, the prevention and control of reader factors is very important. By comparing and analyzing the prevention and control of reader factors in the safety management of some electronic reading rooms, it can be found that the corresponding prevention and control situation is not ideal, and even there are some obvious problems, which also leads to great hidden dangers in the safety management level. This paper will specifically analyze the prevention and control of reader factors in the safety management of electronic reading room, and put forward more effective prevention and control strategies.

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Factors associated with stigma and discrimination towards people living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-137883/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Binyam Tariku Seboka ◽

Samuel Hailegebreal ◽

Delelegn Emwodew Yehualashet ◽

Abel Desalegn Demeke

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Health Concern ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Fresh Vegetables ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

And Control ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: HIV is a major public health concern in many developing countries. HIV related discriminatory attitudes or stigmas considered as a key in the prevention and control of HIV prevalence. This work evaluated the overall attitude of the population towards people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Ethiopia, which helps in the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS. Methods: Secondary data was obtained from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Data included 20,770 samples of women and men between the ages of 15 to 49 years, which is a nationally representative sample in Ethiopia. Analytical methods used in this paper include descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression to identify factors associated with discriminatory attitudes .Results: A total of 20,770 samples who have heard about HIV/AIDS were included in the analysis. Out of this, 41% of respondents said they would not buy fresh vegetables from vendor and 34.1% of them indicated HIV positive children should not attend school with HIV negative children. Multivariate Logistic regression results indicated having discriminatory attitudes were associated with the lack of knowledge of HIV/AIDS prevention methods, endorsement transmission misconceptions, and never have been tested for HIV. Furthermore, respondents reside in rural areas, lack of formal education, belonging to poor wealth quantile, and lack of media exposure shows a higher level of discriminatory attitudes.Conclusion: The findings of this research showed a high magnitude of stigma towards people living with HIV/AIDS among reproductive age women and men in Ethiopia. For stigma and discriminatory attitudes to be decreased interventions should focused on improving HIV related knowledge’s through mass medias such as television and newspapers, especially through medias that can address the rural community.

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Experience in Prevention and Control Work of Anti-COVID-19 in People's Hospital of Tongchuan City in China

International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health ◽

10.9734/ijtdh/2020/v41i1030325 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 22-25

Author(s):

Hu Guizhong ◽

Liu Wanqing ◽

Wang Jianhua ◽

Guo Chunli ◽

. Xiaoli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Effective Prevention ◽

The North ◽

Comprehensive Level ◽

Missed Diagnosis ◽

Control Work ◽

Prevention Of Nosocomial Infection ◽

And Control ◽

Acid Test

Objective: To explore the prevention and control strategies and effects of COVID-19 in People's Hospital of Tongchuan so as to provide evidence for prevention and control of COVID-19 in Tongchuan. Methods: The measures taken by People's Hospital of Tongchuan from the aspects of sound organization, new coronavirus knowledge training, prevention of nosocomial infection, establishment of elite medical team, scientific and precise treatment and internet application as well as medical treatment were reviewed. Results: Between 23 January 2020 and 15 April 2020, the hospital had received a total of 6 patients with confirmed COVID-19, among which 3 patients have been discharged. More than 31,000 persons were given pre-examination triage, 2,605 persons were treated for fever at clinics, 596 persons were under isolation and observation, and 184 persons had nucleic acid test, so as to achieve the requirements of no missed diagnosis, no death and no infection goal, which were prioritized by the national, provincial and municipal health inspection teams. Conclusion: The effective prevention and control strategies against COVID-19 in People’s Hospital of Tongchuan have significantly achieved the "three zeros" goal namely zero infection, zero transmission and zero death. People's Hospital of Tongchuan, founded in 1949, is a comprehensive level-III first-class hospital. It has two hospitals located in the north and the south, with 1,700 beds and 2,044 employees. It is the first designated hospital for treatment of COVID-19 [1] in the province.

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The global, regional, and national burden and trends of NAFLD in 204 countries and territories: an analysis from Global Burden of Disease 2019

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1242882/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Huilong Chen ◽

Yuan Zhan ◽

Jinxiang Zhang ◽

Sheng Cheng ◽

Yuhao Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Burden Of Disease ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Global Burden Of Disease ◽

Global Burden ◽

Effective Prevention ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Life Years ◽

Disease Study

Abstract Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) poses a substantial socioeconomic burden and is becoming the fastest-growing driver of chronic liver disease, potentially accompanied by a poor prognosis. We aim to elucidate the global and regional epidemiologic changes in NAFLD during the past thirty years and explore the relevant causes. Methods Data on NAFLD incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. In addition, we also investigated the correlation between the NAFLD burden and the social development degree. Finally, the associations of the three common comorbidities with NAFLD were determined. Results Globally, the incidence and prevalence of NAFLD both increased drastically from 1990 to 2019, mainly affecting young adults. Meanwhile, the deaths and DALYs increased significantly as well, dominating the aged group. However, the overall age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and DALY rate presented decreasing trends. Moreover, the sociodemographic index (SDI) appeared to have obvious negative associations with the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), ASDR and age-standardized DALYs, indicating a more serious NAFLD burden in less developed regions. Finally, we found that the incidence and prevalence of NAFLD were positively related to those of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), stroke and ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Conclusions NAFLD is leading to increasingly serious health challenges worldwide. Comprehensive acquisition of the epidemiologic pattern for NAFLD and the identification of high-risk comorbidities may help policy-makers and clinical physicians develop cost-effective prevention and control strategies, especially in countries with a high NAFLD burden.

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Trends of cervical cancer at global, regional, and national level: data from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10907-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xingxing Zhang ◽

Qingle Zeng ◽

Wenwen Cai ◽

Weiqing Ruan

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Health Problem ◽

Burden Of Disease ◽

Control Strategies ◽

National Level ◽

Global Burden Of Disease ◽

Global Burden ◽

Effective Prevention ◽

Life Years ◽

Disease Study

Abstract Background Cervical cancer is an important global health problem. In this study we aimed to analyze trends in cervical cancer at the global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2019, to inform health service decision-making. Methods Data on cervical cancer was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study, 2019. Trends in cervical cancer burden were assessed based on estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and age-standardized rate (ASR). Results Globally, decreasing trends were observed in incidence, death, and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) of cervical cancer from 1990 to 2019, with respective EAPCs of − 0.38 (95% confidence interval [CI]: − 0.41 to − 0.34), − 0.93 (95%CI: − 0.98 to − 0.88), and − 0.95 (95 CI%: − 1.00 to − 0.90). Meanwhile, decreasing trends were detected in most sociodemographic index (SDI) areas and geographic regions, particularly death and DALYs in Central Latin America, with respective EAPCs of − 2.61 (95% CI: − 2.76 to − 2.46) and − 2.48 (95% CI: − 2.63 to − 2.32); hhowever, a pronounced increasing trend in incidence occurred in East Asia (EAPC = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.55). At the national level, decreasing trends in cervical cancer were observed in most countries/territories, particularly DALYs in the Maldives (EAPC = − 5.06; 95% CI: − 5.40 to − 4.72), Whereas increasing trends were detected in Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Bulgaria. Conclusions Slowly decreasing trends in cervical cancer were detected worldwide from 1990 to 2019. Cervical cancer remains a substantial health problem for women globally, requiring more effective prevention and control strategies.

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A brief review of foodborne zoonoses in China

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268811000872 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 139 (10) ◽

pp. 1497-1504 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

D. SHAO ◽

Z. SHI ◽

J. WEI ◽

Z. MA

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Food Production ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Paper Briefly ◽

Effective Prevention ◽

Socioeconomic Changes ◽

International Attention ◽

And Control

SUMMARYFoodborne zoonoses have a major impact on public health in China. Its booming economy and rapid socioeconomic changes have affected food production, food supplies and food consumption habits, resulting in an increase in the number of outbreaks of foodborne zoonoses. Both emerging and re-emerging foodborne zoonoses have attracted increasing national and international attention in recent years. This paper briefly reviews the main foodborne zoonoses that have had a major impact on public health over the last 20 years in China. The major causative microorganisms, including foodborne bacteria, parasites and viruses, are discussed. The prevention and control of foodborne zoonoses are difficult challenges in China. The information provided here may aid the development of effective prevention and control strategies for foodborne zoonoses.

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Maintenance of Fish Health in Aquaculture: Review of Epidemiological Approaches for Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Fish

Veterinary Medicine International ◽

10.1155/2018/5432497 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Ayalew Assefa ◽

Fufa Abunna

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

Traffic Control ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Disease Outbreaks ◽

Effective Prevention ◽

Disease Case ◽

And Control ◽

Water Treatments ◽

The Impact

Aquaculture is rapidly growing part of agriculture worldwide. It makes up around 44 percent of total fish production globally. This increased growth of production is achieved despite facing many challenges in the aquaculture environment. Among production limiting challenges, the infectious disease takes the lion share by causing multibillion-dollar loss annually. To reduce the impact of the fish disease, it is necessary to address health constraints based on scientifically proven and recommended ways. This review aims at pointing out some of the best approaches to prevention and control of infectious disease in aquaculture. Among the effective prevention and control strategies, vaccination is one of the key practices. Types of vaccines for use in fish include killed vaccines, attenuated vaccines, DNA vaccines, recombinant technology vaccines, and synthetic peptide vaccines. Administration techniques of vaccines in fish include oral, injection, or immersion methods. Antibiotics are also in use in aquaculture despite their side effects in the development of drug resistance by microorganisms. Biological and chemical disease control strategies such as using probiotics, prebiotics, and medicinal plants are widely in use. Biosecurity measures in aquaculture can keep the safety of a facility from certain disease-causing agents that are absent in particular system. Farm-level biosecurity measures include strict quarantine measures, egg disinfection, traffic control, water treatments, clean feed, and disposal of mortalities. In conclusion, rather than trying to treat every disease case, it advisable to follow a preventive approach before the event of any disease outbreaks.

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Burden of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Sicily, Italy: Estimates from the Regional Point Prevalence Surveys 2016–2018

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10111360 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1360

Author(s):

Martina Barchitta ◽

Andrea Maugeri ◽

Maria Clara La Rosa ◽

Claudia La Mastra ◽

Giuseppe Murolo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Point Prevalence ◽

Infection Prevention And Control ◽

Healthcare Associated Infections ◽

Uncertainty Interval ◽

Life Years ◽

Low Incidence ◽

Healthcare Associated ◽

And Control

An assessment of the burden of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) is useful for comparing and ranking HAIs and to support infection prevention and control strategies. We estimated the burden of healthcare-associated pneumoniae (HAP), bloodstream infection (HA BSI), urinary tract infection (HA UTI), and surgical site infection (SSI) in Sicily, Italy. We used data from 15,642 patients aged 45 years and above, identified during three repeated point prevalence surveys (PPSs) conducted from 2016 to 2018 according to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control protocol. The methodology of the Burden of Communicable Diseases in Europe project was employed. The selected HAIs accounted for 8424 DALYs (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 7394–9605) annually in Sicily, corresponding to 344 DALYs per 100,000 inhabitants aged 45 years and above (95% UI: 302–392). Notably, more than 60% of the burden was attributable to HAP, followed by HA BSI, SSI, and HA UTI. The latter had the lowest burden despite a relatively high incidence, whereas HA BSI generated a high burden even through a relatively low incidence. Differences between our estimates and those of European and Italian PPSs encourage the estimation of the burden of HAIs region by region.

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Trends of cervical cancer at global, regional, and national level: data from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019

10.21203/rs.3.rs-195932/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xingxing Zhang ◽

Danfeng Yu ◽

Wenwen Cai ◽

Weiqing Ruan

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Health Problem ◽

Burden Of Disease ◽

Control Strategies ◽

National Level ◽

Global Burden Of Disease ◽

Global Burden ◽

Effective Prevention ◽

Life Years ◽

Disease Study

Abstract Background Cervical cancer remains an important global health problem. This article aims to analysis the trend of cervical cancer at global, regional, and national level from 1990 to 2019, which would inform the health decision-making. Methods Data on cervical cancer was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. The trends of cervical cancer burden were estimated using estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and age-standardized rate (ASR). Results Globally, the decreasing trends in incidence, death, and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) of cervical cancer were observed worldwide from 1990 to 2019, with the respective EAPCs were − 0.38 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.41 to -0.34), -0.93 (95%CI: -0.98 to -0.88), and − 0.95 (95CI%: -1.00 to -0.90). Meanwhile, decreasing trends were also seen in most sociodemographic index (SDI) areas and geographic regions, particularly the trends of death and DALYs in Central Latin America, in which the respective EAPCs were − 2.61 (95%CI: -2.76 to -2.46) and − 2.48 (95%CI: -2.63 to -2.32). However, pronounced increasing trends occurred in the incidence in East Asia (EAPC = 1.33; 95%CI: 1.12 to 1.55). At the national level, the decreasing trends of cervical cancer were observed in most countries/territories, particularly the DALYs in Maldives (EAPC=-5.06; 95%CI: -5.40 to -4.72). Whereas increasing trend were seen in Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Bulgaria. Conclusions Slowly decreasing trends of cervical cancer were demonstrated worldwide from 1990 to 2019. Cervical cancer remains a substantial health problem globally, which required the more effective prevention and control strategies.

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Prevention and Control Measures and Effects of COVID-19 in Shenmu City Hospital, China

International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health ◽

10.9734/ijtdh/2020/v41i830307 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 18-24

Author(s):

Gao Kun ◽

Liu Hong ◽

Liu Yonglin ◽

Wang Qiang ◽

Qiao Zhenliang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Control Program ◽

High Risk Group ◽

Control Measures ◽

City Hospital ◽

Effective Prevention ◽

Management Procedures ◽

Prevention And Control Measures ◽

And Control

Purpose: To explore the prevention and control strategies and effects of COVID-19 in Shenmu City Hospital, so as to provide basis for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in Shenmu City. Methods: Retrospective analysis and review of our hospital after the outbreak of COVID-19 prevention and control program, response measures and management procedures and other aspects of the deployment. Results: In the 86 days up to April 15, 2020, there were 7,843 pre-diagnosis and triage patients, among which 707 were high-risk group, 3,140 were general population and 3,996 were key population. 992 patients were treated in COVID-19 clinics, 2 suspected cases were reported and 89 were kept under observation. 5, 351 visits in general fever clinics; 89 cases were hospitalized in isolation ward, including 2 suspected cases. COVID-19 was discharged after improvement. Conclusion: Initial progress has been made in epidemic prevention and control. COVID-19 has not been reported in the whole city. It shows that effective prevention and control strategies are of great significance for achieving the goal of "three zeros" (zero infection, zero spread and zero death), and are worth learning and promoting.

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