scholarly journals Astheno-association: hard tick species new association type identified during the summer season 2019 on cattle in Jijel area, Algeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derradj Lotfi
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Hard Tick ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Association Index ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Degree Of Association ◽  
Associated Species

Abstract To this date, ticks remain the major problem in the livestock sector because of their role as vectors for serious agents of disease propagation. Given the scarcity of studies on ticks in Algeria, associations of species were mentioned in only one document and were not well detailed in another. This paper is a synoptic review of seven tick species associations related to host biotic factors in Algeria. The aim is to better understand the behaviour and biology of ticks to propose a new control method based on the association index. A total of 53 infested cattle were detected and 1,214 ticks were manually collected and identified based on their morphology during the summer of 2019 (June to August). Seven tick species were identified: viz. Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus, Rhipicephalus bursa, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma lusitanicum, Hyalomma scupense, and Hyalomma anatolicum. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used as an analytical tool to visualize similarities and correlations between cattle and females, males of tick species, according to three biotic factors (age, sex and breed of cattle). The results show that there is a relationship between the number of associated species and biotic factors (age of livestock). In addition, the degree of association is influenced by the host and other tick species and a new type of "astheno-association" is emerging that limits the number of associated species to two or three.

scholarly journals Proteomic fingerprinting of Neotropical hard tick species (Acari: Ixodidae) using a self-curated mass spectra reference library

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e0008849
Author(s):  
Rolando A. Gittens ◽  
Alejandro Almanza ◽  
Kelly L. Bennett ◽  
Luis C. Mejía ◽  
Javier E. Sanchez-Galan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hard Tick ◽  
Taxonomic Identification ◽  
Reference Library ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Proteomic Fingerprinting

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry is an analytical method that detects macromolecules that can be used for proteomic fingerprinting and taxonomic identification in arthropods. The conventional MALDI approach uses fresh laboratory-reared arthropod specimens to build a reference mass spectra library with high-quality standards required to achieve reliable identification. However, this may not be possible to accomplish in some arthropod groups that are difficult to rear under laboratory conditions, or for which only alcohol preserved samples are available. Here, we generated MALDI mass spectra of highly abundant proteins from the legs of 18 Neotropical species of adult field-collected hard ticks, several of which had not been analyzed by mass spectrometry before. We then used their mass spectra as fingerprints to identify each tick species by applying machine learning and pattern recognition algorithms that combined unsupervised and supervised clustering approaches. Both Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) classification algorithms were able to identify spectra from different tick species, with LDA achieving the best performance when applied to field-collected specimens that did have an existing entry in a reference library of arthropod protein spectra. These findings contribute to the growing literature that ascertains mass spectrometry as a rapid and effective method to complement other well-established techniques for taxonomic identification of disease vectors, which is the first step to predict and manage arthropod-borne pathogens.

Chemical Fingerprint Analysis and Simultaneous Determination of Nucleosides and Amino Acids in Kang Fu Xin Liquid by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detector

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 831-843
Author(s):  
Yuwen Wang ◽  
Shuping Li ◽  
Liuhong Zhang ◽  
Shenglan Qi ◽  
Huida Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Gradient Elution ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Fingerprint Analysis ◽  
Wavelength Switching

Background and Objective: Kang Fu Xin liquid (KFX) is an official preparation made from the ethanol extract product from P. Americana. The present quality control method cannot control the quality of the preparation well. The aim of the present study is to establish a convenient HPLC method for multicomponents determination combined with fingerprint analysis for quality control of KFX. Methods: An HPLC-DAD method with gradient elution and detective wavelength switching program was developed to establish HPLC fingerprints of KFX, and 38 batches of KFX were compared and evaluated by similarity analysis (SA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), and principal component analysis (PCA). Meanwhile, six nucleosides and three amino acids, including uracil, hypoxanthine, uric acid, adenosine, xanthine, inosine, tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan in KFX were determined based on the HPLC fingerprints. Results: An HPLC method assisted with gradient elution and wavelength switching program was established and validated for multicomponents determination combined with fingerprint analysis of KFX. The results demonstrated that the similarity values of the KFX samples were more than 0.845. PCA indicated that peaks 4 (hypoxanthine), 7 (xanthine), 9 (tyrosine), 11, 13 and 17 might be the characteristic contributed components. The nine constituents in KFX, uracil, hypoxanthine, uric acid, adenosine, xanthine, inosine, tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan, showed good regression (R2 > 0.9997) within test ranges and the recoveries of the method for all analytes were in the range from 96.74 to 104.24%. The limits of detections and quantifications for nine constituents in DAD were less than 0.22 and 0.43 μg•mL-1, respectively. Conclusion: The qualitative analysis of chemical fingerprints and the quantitative analysis of multiple indicators provide a powerful and rational way to control the KFX quality for pharmaceutical companies.

scholarly journals Importation of Ticks on Companion Animals and the Risk of Spread of Tick-Borne Diseases to Non-Endemic Regions in Europe

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Alicja Buczek ◽  
Weronika Buczek
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Geographic Regions

Increased human mobility elevates the risk of exposure of companion animals travelling with their owners or imported from other regions to tick attacks. In this study, we highlight the potential role of dogs and cats taken for tourist trips or imported animals in the spread of ticks and tick-borne pathogens. The Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick, which is a vector of numerous pathogens causing diseases in animals and humans, is imported most frequently from endemic areas to many European countries. Additionally, alien tick species with high epizootic and epidemiological importance can be imported on dogs from other continents. Companion animals play an even greater role in the spread of autochthonous tick species and transmission of tick pathogens to other animals and humans. Although the veterinary and medical effects of the parasitism of ticks carried by companion animals travelling with owners or imported animals are poorly assessed, these animals seem to play a role in the rapid spread of tick-borne diseases. Development of strategies for protection of the health of companion animals in different geographic regions should take into account the potential emergence of unknown animal tick-borne diseases that can be transmitted by imported ticks.

scholarly journals Distribution of hard tick species in Ankara, Turkey

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 256-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olcay HEKİMOĞLU ◽  
Ayşe Nurdan ÖZER
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Hard Tick

Identification of tick species infesting livestock in Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jamil ◽  
Muhammad Kashif ◽  
Habibullah ◽  
Muhammad Mubeen ◽  
Ghulam Jelani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Economy ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Hyalomma Anatolicum

Ticks are blood-feeding obligate ectoparasites that belong to order Arachnida with three main families (Ixodidae, Argasidae, and Nuttalleillidae). Ticks transmit viral, bacterial, and zoonotic diseases in humans, and animals (wild and domestic). Ticks directly and indirectly affect the livestock industry which plays an important role in the rural economy of Pakistan. These are the main source of income and a source of food for poor people. The current study was conducted to identify the tick species infesting livestock in Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan. For this purpose, different farms were randomly visited and 130 ticks were collected from 200 scanned animals.  The collected ticks were identified to species level using morphological keys. In the current study, four tick species were identified as Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma anatolicum, and Dermacentor marginatus were identified. The most dominant species were Hy. anatolicum (35.39%) followed by R. sanguineus (30.00%), Hy. marginatum (23.85%) and D. marginatus (10.77%). Hy. anatolicum was the predominant tick species and accounted for 35.39% of the ticks. Tick infestation was highest in buffaloes followed by cows, sheep, and goats. Tail and ear were the most preferable sites for tick infestation than other body parts.

scholarly journals Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato(Ixodidae) in synantropic rodents in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Tavares Winkel ◽  
Paulo Bretanha Ribeiro ◽  
Lidiane Oliveira Antunes ◽  
Marcial Corrêa Cárcamo ◽  
Élvia Elena Silveira Vianna
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
First Record ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Port Area ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus Sensu Lato

Rhipicephalus sanguineus, the brown dog tick, is responsible for maintaining and transmitting various pathogens, both in animals and human beings, and it is of great sanitary importance. This communication reports the first occurrence of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato parasitizing Rattus norvegicus in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and it is also the first record of this tick species parasitizing Rattus rattus in Brazil. The rodents were captured from the port area, located in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We collected 6 larvae of this tick species from 2 male R. rattus individuals, and 3 larvae from 2 female R. norvegicus individuals; parasitized specimens of both rodent species were captured from different sites within the experimental area. This record broadens the number of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato hosts in urban areas, indicating the need for continued monitoring on population density for both R. sanguineus and synanthropic rodents.

Identifying the main physical and socioeconomic drivers of illegal landfills in the Canary Islands

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1049-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Quesada-Ruiz ◽  
V Rodriguez-Galiano ◽  
R Jordá-Borrell
Keyword(s):  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Gran Canaria ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
La Palma ◽  
Socioeconomic Drivers ◽  
Geospatial Database ◽  
Total Data ◽  
Degree Of Association

The management of disposed waste in illegal landfills (ILs) is a significant problem in contemporary societies due to respective hazards for the environment and human health. This paper presents a characterisation of ILs on the islands of La Palma (LP) and Gran Canaria (GC) based on multivariable statistical analysis. Inspection of numerous sites on both islands revealed a total of 153 and 286 ILs on LP and GC, respectively. A geospatial database was created composed of different potentially explanatory features of different typology (177): waste type, control and vigilance, socioeconomic, accessibility, distance to elements of interest, visibility and physical. The degree of association between the explanatory features and the occurrence of ILs was analysed with the support of exploratory statistics and the multivariable analysis techniques of principal component analysis (PCA) and binary logistic regression (LR). PCA explained 82.34% and 81.83% of total data variance in LP and GC, respectively, considering 7 and 6 components (Kaiser–Mayer–Olkin; LP: 0.715; GC: 0.711). The LR models for LP and GC had an overall accuracy of 93.5% and 92.5%. In LP and GC, 6 of 23 features and 9 of 21 features were, respectively, selected. The features most associated with the occurrence of ILs were: in LP, building density, distance to agricultural spaces and distance to green zones; in GC, the industrial activity indicator, density of ground use transition to artificial covers, density of greenhouses and distance to communication routes.

scholarly journals Composition of tick species (Acari: Ixodida) on dogs in the urban agglomeration – a multi-year study

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 698-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław M. Michalski
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City

Ticks parasitizing on dogs belong to mites of the order Ixodida, class Arachnida. In Poland the occurrence of four species has been recorded most frequently: Ixodes ricinus, I. hexagonus, I. crenulatus and Dermacentor reticulatus. Their importance is due to the fact that they are vectors of many dangerous diseases of humans and animals. The subject of the present study were ticks collected from dogs, patients of several veterinary clinics from the urban agglomeration of the city of Olsztyn. Ticks were collected from May to June in eight consecutive years: 2009–2016. The dominant species was I. ricinus (60.14%) in relation to D. reticulatus (39.71%). In two consecutive years, 2011–2012, single females of Rhipicephalus sanguineus were also identified, an exceptional finding of this species in our country. In D. reticulatus, nymphs predominated over females (23.74% vs 16.0%) while in I. ricinus the respective percentage was 29.6% and 30.55%. However, in subsequent years of the study the proportions between nymphs and females varied greatly in both species.

scholarly journals Brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus parasitizing the bird Coereba flaveola in the Brazilian cerrado

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matias Pablo Juan Szabó ◽  
Graziela Virginia Tolesano Pascoli ◽  
Oswaldo Marçal Júnior ◽  
Alexandre Gabriel Franchin ◽  
Khelma Torga
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Unknown Route ◽  
Brown Dog Tick ◽  
Dog Tick ◽  
Coereba Flaveola

During a survey for ectoparasites on birds in a small reserve of the Brazilian cerrado (savannah) a male adult Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick was found attached to the eyelid of the bird Coereba flaveola. Both tick and bird are presently common in Brazil, however, to best of our knowledge, the association of this tick species with this bird species has not been reported before. This observation may be an accidental finding but might also be an unknown route for the dissemination of the tick. The species R. sanguineus was introduced in the country with the colonization and should be considered a research target for the surveillance of tick-borne diseases.

scholarly journals Serviceability Assessment Method of Stay Cables with Vibration Control Using First-Passage Probability

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seunghoo Jeong ◽  
Young-Joo Lee ◽  
Sung-Han Sim
Keyword(s):  
Vibration Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Stay Cable ◽  
First Passage ◽  
Long Span Bridges ◽  
Long Span ◽  
Stay Cables ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridges

As the construction of long-span bridges such as cable-stayed bridges increases worldwide, maintaining bridge serviceability and operability has become an important issue in civil engineering. The stay cable is a principal component of cable-stayed bridges and is generally lightly damped and intrinsically vulnerable to vibration. Excessive vibrations in stay cables can potentially cause long-term fatigue accumulation and serviceability issues. Previous studies have mainly focused on the mitigation of cable vibration within an acceptable operational level, while little attention has been paid to the quantitative assessment of serviceability enhancement provided by vibration control. This study accordingly proposed and evaluated a serviceability assessment method for stay cables equipped with vibration control. Cable serviceability failure was defined according to the range of acceptable cable responses provided in most bridge design codes. The cable serviceability failure probability was then determined by means of the first-passage problem using VanMarcke’s approximation. The proposed approach effectively allows the probability of serviceability failure to be calculated depending on the properties of any installed vibration control method. To demonstrate the proposed method, the stay cables of the Second Jindo Bridge in South Korea were evaluated and the analysis results accurately reflected cable behavior during a known wind event and show that the appropriate selection of vibration control method and properties can effectively reduce the probability of serviceability failure.

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