scholarly journals Shotgun metagenomics evaluation of soil fertilization effect on the rhizosphere viral community of maize plants

Author(s):  
Nwabunwanne Lilian Nwokolo ◽  
Matthew Chekwube Enebe
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nwabunwanne Lilian Nwokolo ◽  
MATTHEW Chekwube ENEBE

Abstract The need for sustainability in food supply has led to progressive increase in soil nutrient enrichment. Fertilizer application affect both biological and abiotic processes in the soil, of which bacterial community that support viral multiplication are equally influenced. Soil viral community composition and dynamics are affected by soil fertilization with less exploration on organic and inorganic fertilizer application. In this study, we evaluated the influence of soil fertilization on the maize rhizosphere viral community growing in Luvisolic soil. The highest abundance of bacteriophages were detected in soil treated with high compost manure (Cp8), low inorganic fertilizer (N1), low compost (Cp4) and control (Cn0). Our result showed higher frequency of Myoviridae (47%), Podoviridae (46%) and Siphoviridae (90%) in high organic manure (Cp8) fertilized compared to others. While Inoviridae (98%) and Microviridae (74%) were the most abundant phage families in low organic (Cp4) fertilized soil. This demonstrate that soil fertilization with organic manure increases the abundance and diversity of viruses in the soil due to its soil conditioning effects.


2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Mannan

A field experiment was carried out at Agronomy Farm of Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, from December 2011 to March 2012, to study the effects of nutrient foliar spray on soybean growth, yield and protein content. Soybean variety Shohag was used as the test crop. N, NPK, NPKS and NPKMg were sprayed and applied in the soil at vegetative and pod filling stages. Soil fertilizations were done as recommended dose, and no soil and foliar fertilization were considered as control. Plants were sprayed at the rate of 100 mg/L of water corresponding to each nutrient. The experimental design was a split plot with three replications. Result indicated that nutrient foliar spray, either singly or in combination, enhanced the growth and yield of the soybean as well as protein content in soybean seed, at the two growth stages compared to soil fertilization. However, spraying nutrients during pod filling stage was better than vegetative spraying stage in all characters studied. The highest amount of protein content in soybean seed and grain yield were obtained by spraying NPKMg.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2014, 17(1): 67-72


AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Chekwube Enebe ◽  
Olubukola Oluranti Babalola

AbstractSoil microbes perform important functions in nitrogen and carbon cycling in the biosphere. Microbial communities in the rhizosphere enhance plants’ health and promote nutrient turnover and cycling in the soil. In this study, we evaluated the effects of soil fertilization with organic and inorganic fertilizers on the abundances and distribution of carbon and nitrogen cycling genes within the rhizosphere of maize plants. Our result showed that maize plants through rhizosphere effects selected and enriched the same functional genes glnA, gltB, gudB involved in nitrogen cycle as do high compost and low inorganic fertilizer treatments. This observation was significantly different from those of high doses of inorganic fertilizer and low compost manure treated soil. Only alpha amylase encoding genes were selectively enriched by low compost and high inorganic fertilized soil. The other treatments only selected xynB (in Cp8), lacZ (Cp4), bglA, pldB, trpA (N2), uidA (N1) and glgC, vanA (Cn0) carbon cycling genes in the rhizosphere of maize. Also Actinomycetales are selected by high compost, low inorganic fertilizer and control. The control was without any fertilization and the soil was planted with maize. Bacillales are also promoted by low compost and high inorganic fertilizer. This indicated that only microbes capable of tolerating the stress of high dose of inorganic fertilizer will thrive under such condition. Therefore, soil fertilization lowers nitrogen gas emission as seen with the high abundance of nitrogen assimilation genes or microbial anabolic genes, but increases carbon dioxide evolution in the agricultural soil by promoting the abundance of catabolic genes involve in carbon cycling.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Matlok ◽  
Małgorzata Szostek ◽  
Piotr Antos ◽  
Grażyna Gajdek ◽  
Józef Gorzelany ◽  
...  

This manuscript presents the effect of foliar and soil fertilizer produced from thermally processed bone waste on the initial growth and development of maize plants. The developed fertilizers were tested in three different doses in a pot experiment. Because nutrient deficiency interferes with plant physiological processes, the impact of the developed fertilizers on gas exchange parameters, relative chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were assessed. Based on the conducted research, it was found that fertilization with developed foliar and soil fertilizers increased the relative content of chlorophyll in maize leaves and increased the value of gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence. All determined parameters of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence showed a positive correlation depending on the dose of foliar fertilization used (average value r = 0.8414). In turn, the soil fertilization that was utilized during the experiment significantly correlated only with the content of chlorophyll (r = 0.6965). The tested fertilizers improvement of the physiological parameters of the plants, which indicates the fertilizing efficiency of the tested fertilizers.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olubukola Babalola ◽  
Rebaona Molefe ◽  
Adenike Amoo

We conducted shotgun metagenomics sequencing of the maize rhizosphere and bulk soils in Ventersdorp, South Africa. Information on the structural composition and functional capabilities of microbial communities in the maize rhizosphere are provided by the data. Characterising the functional potentials of rhizosphere microbiomes gives an opportunity to link the microbiome to plant growth and health and provides the possibility of discovering new plant-beneficial genes that could enhance agricultural sustainability.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Chekwube Enebe ◽  
Olubukola Oluranti Babalola

Abstract Soil microbes performs important functions in nitrogen and carbon cycling in the biosphere. Microbial communities in the rhizosphere enhance plants’ health and promote nutrient turnover and cycling in the soil. In this experimental study, we evaluated the fundamental effects of soil fertilization with organic (compost manure) and inorganic fertilizer on the abundances and distribution of carbon and nitrogen cycling genes within the rhizospheric regions of maize plants. Our result showed that maize plants through rhizosphere effects selected and enriched the same functional genes glnA, gltB, gudB involved in nitrogen cycle as do higher compost and lower inorganic fertilizer treatments. This observation was significantly different from those of higher doses of inorganic fertilizer and lower compost manure treated soil. Only alpha amylase encoding genes were selectively enriched by lower compost and higher inorganic fertilized soil. The other treatments only selected peculiar carbon cycling genes in the rhizosphere of maize. Also Actinomycetales are selected by high compost, low inorganic fertilizer and control while Bacillales are promoted by low compost and higher inorganic fertilizer and this indicated that only microbes capable of tolerating the stress of higher dose of inorganic fertilizer will thrive under such condition. Therefore, soil fertilization lower nitrogen gas emission but increases carbon dioxide evolution in the agricultural soil.


Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 535
Author(s):  
Matthew Enebe ◽  
Olubukola Babalola

Soil fertility is a function of the level of organic and inorganic substances present in the soil, and it influences the activities of soil-borne microbes, plant growth performance and a host of other beneficial ecological functions. In this metagenomics study, we evaluated the response of maize microbial functional gene diversity involved in chemotaxis, antibiotics, siderophores, and antifungals producing genes within the rhizosphere of maize plants under compost, inorganic fertilizer, and unfertilized conditions. The results show that fertilization treatments at higher compost manure and lower inorganic fertilizer doses as well as maize plants itself in the unfertilized soil through rhizosphere effects share similar influences on the abundance of chemotaxis, siderophores, antifungal, and antibiotics synthesizing genes present in the samples, while higher doses of inorganic fertilizer and lower compost manure treatments significantly repress these genes. The implication is for a disease suppressive soil to be achieved, soil fertilization with high doses of compost manure fertilizer treatments as well as lower inorganic fertilizer should be used to enrich soil fertility and boost the abundance of chemotaxis and disease suppressive genes. Maize crops also should be planted sole or intercropped with other crops to enhance the rhizosphere effect of these plants in promoting the expression and abundance of these beneficial genes in the soil.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Chekwube Enebe ◽  
Olubukola Oluranti Babalola

Abstract Soil microbes perform important functions in nitrogen and carbon cycling in the biosphere. Microbial communities in the rhizosphere enhance plants’ health and promote nutrient turnover and cycling in the soil. In this study, we evaluated the effects of soil fertilization with organic and inorganic fertilizers on the abundances and distribution of carbon and nitrogen cycling genes within the rhizosphere of maize plants. Our result showed that maize plants through rhizosphere effects selected and enriched the same functional genes glnA, gltB, gudB involved in nitrogen cycle as do high compost and low inorganic fertilizer treatments. This observation was significantly different from those of high doses of inorganic fertilizer and low compost manure treated soil. Only alpha amylase encoding genes were selectively enriched by low compost and high inorganic fertilized soil. The other treatments only selected xynB (in Cp8), lacZ (Cp4), bglA, pldB, trpA (N2), uidA (N1) and glgC, vanA (Cn0) carbon cycling genes in the rhizosphere of maize. Also Actinomycetales are selected by high compost, low inorganic fertilizer and control. The control was without any fertilization and the soil was planted with maize. Bacillales are also promoted by low compost and high inorganic fertilizer. This indicated that only microbes capable of tolerating the stress of high dose of inorganic fertilizer will thrive under such condition. Therefore, soil fertilization lowers nitrogen gas emission as seen with the high abundance of nitrogen assimilation genes or microbial anabolic genes, but increases carbon dioxide evolution in the agricultural soil by promoting the abundance of catabolic genes involve in carbon cycling.


Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1022
Author(s):  
Matthew Chekwube Enebe ◽  
Olubukola Oluranti Babalola

Biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus in the agro-ecosystem is mediated by soil microbes. These microbes regulate the availability of phosphorus in the soil. Little is known about the response of functional traits of phosphorus cycling microbes in soil fertilized with compost manure (derived from domestic waste and plant materials) or inorganic nitrogen fertilizers at high and low doses. We used a metagenomics investigation study to understand the changes in the abundance and distribution of microbial phosphorus cycling genes in agricultural farmlands receiving inorganic fertilizers (120 kg N/ha, 60 kg N/ha) or compost manure (8 tons/ha, 4 tons/ha), and in comparison with the control. Soil fertilization with high level of compost (Cp8) or low level of inorganic nitrogen (N1) fertilizer have nearly similar effects on the rhizosphere of maize plants in promoting the abundance of genes involved in phosphorus cycle. Genes such as ppk involved in polyphosphate formation and pstSABC (for phosphate transportation) are highly enriched in these treatments. These genes facilitate phosphorus immobilization. At a high dose of inorganic fertilizer application or low compost manure treatment, the phosphorus cycling genes were repressed and the abundance decreased. The bacterial families Bacillaceae and Carnobacteriaceae were very abundant in the high inorganic fertilizer (N2) treated soil, while Pseudonocardiaceae, Clostridiaceae, Cytophagaceae, Micromonosporaceae, Thermomonosporaceae, Nocardiopsaceae, Sphaerobacteraceae, Thermoactinomycetaceae, Planococcaceae, Intrasporangiaceae, Opitutaceae, Acidimicrobiaceae, Frankiaceae were most abundant in Cp8. Pyrenophora, Talaromyces, and Trichophyton fungi were observed to be dominant in Cp8 and Methanosarcina, Methanobrevibacter, Methanoculleus, and Methanosphaera archaea have the highest percentage occurrence in Cp8. Moreover, N2 treatment, Cenarchaeum, Candidatus Nitrososphaera, and Nitrosopumilus were most abundant among fertilized soils. Our findings have brought to light the basis for the manipulation of rhizosphere microbial communities and their genes to improve availability of phosphorus as well as phosphorus cycle regulation in agro-ecosystems.


1991 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabor J. Bethlenfalvay ◽  
Maria G. Reyes-Solis ◽  
Susan B. Camel ◽  
Ronald Ferrera-Cerrato

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