scholarly journals In Vivo Toxicity and the Antioxidant Activity of the Hot Water Extract of Glechoma Hederacea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Chin Chung ◽  
Jiunn-Wang Liao ◽  
Kuo-Yuan Li ◽  
Jyun-Kai Jhan ◽  
Su-Tze Chou
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Hot Water Extract ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Effect Level ◽  
Glechoma Hederacea

Abstract Background Glechoma hederacea belongs to the Labiatae family and has many biological effects. Our previously in vitro studies, hot water extract of G. hederacea (HWG) possessed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Also, the Ames test indicated that HWG had no mutagenicity. However, the in vivo toxicity and antioxidant capacity have not been clearly demonstrated. Thus, this study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant properties and the safety level of HWG by using animal models. Methods The genotoxicity were performed by micronucleus assays in mice. Acute oral toxicity and 28-day repeated feeding toxicity tests were performed via the oral gavage method for Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Furthermore, the effect of HWG on the oxidation–antioxidation equilibrium of male rats was also evaluated. Results HWG did not induce an increase in micronucleus ratios in vivo, no acute lethal effect at a maximum tested dose of 5.0 g HWG /kg bw was observed in rats. The 28-day oral toxicity study revealed the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of HWG in rats was 1.0 g/kg bw. The HWG-treatment significantly elevated the vitamin C level and the SOD activity in heart, and increased the vitamin E concentrations in brain. The HWG-treatment maintained the balance of the glutathione level and the activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Besides, the level of lipid peroxidation and plasma of total antioxidant status (TAS) showed that HWG-treated rats were not significantly changed compared with the control group. Conclusions HWG had no genotoxicity, and did not induce acute or subacute toxicity in SD rat. The level of no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of HWG rats was 1.0 g/kg bw for subacute toxicity study. HWG possessed antioxidant potential and reduced oxidative stress by improving the antioxidant system in animal.

scholarly journals Toxicity Evaluation of Nanostructured Silica Orally Administered to Rats: Influence on Immune System Function

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2126
Author(s):  
Ivan V. Gmoshinski ◽  
Vladimir A. Shipelin ◽  
Antonina A. Shumakova ◽  
Eleonora N. Trushina ◽  
Oksana K. Mustafina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Immune System Function ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Effect Level ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Nanostructured Silica

The experimental data on the oral toxicity of nanostructured amorphous silica (SiO2), widely used in food supplements, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, in terms of its in vivo effect on the immune system, are contradictory. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the rat’s immune function after SiO2 oral administration. In the first experiment, SiO2 was daily orally administered to Wistar rats for 92 days in doses of 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 100 mg/kg of body weight (bw). In the second 28-day experiment, SiO2 in a dose of 100 mg/kg bw was daily orally administered to rats parenterally immunized with the food allergen ovalbumin (OVA) for the reproduction of systemic anaphylaxis reaction. Together with integral indices, we assessed intestinal permeability to protein macromolecules; hematology; CD45RA+, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD161a+ cells; cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10; and IgG to OVA. The results obtained showed that SiO2 has no effect on the severity of the anaphylactic reaction, but is capable inducing a toxic effect on the T-cell immune systems of rats. Estimated no observed adverse effect level NOAEL for SiO2 ranges up to 100 mg/kg bw in terms of its daily consumption for 1–3 months. Using SiO2 as a food additive should be the subject of regulation.

Safety Evaluation of a Proprietary Food-Grade, Dried Fermentate Preparation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander G. Schauss ◽  
R. Glavits ◽  
John Endres ◽  
Gitte S. Jensen ◽  
Amy Clewell
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Effect Level

A safety evaluation was performed for EpiCor, a product produced by a proprietary fermentation process using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Studies included the following assays: bacterial reverse mutation, mouse lymphoma cell mutagenicity, mitogenicity assay in human peripheral lymphocytes, and a cytochrome P450 ([CYP] CYP1A2 and CYP3A4) induction assessment as well as 14-day acute, 90-day subchronic, and 1-year chronic oral toxicity studies in rats. No evidence of genotoxicity or mitogenicity was seen in any of the in vitro or in vivo studies. The CYP assessment showed no interactions or inductions. No toxic clinical symptoms or histopathological lesions were observed in the acute, subchronic, or chronic oral toxicity studies in the rat. Results of the studies performed indicate that EpiCor does not possess genotoxic activity and has a low order of toxicity that is well tolerated when administered orally. The no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) was 1500 mg/kg body weight (bw)/d for the 90-day study and 800 mg/kg bw/d for the 1 year study, for the highest doses tested.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory Effect of Onion (Allium cepa) Peel Hot Water Extract in vitro and in vivo

KSBB Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
Bo-Kyeong Kang ◽  
Koth-Bong-Woo-Ri Kim ◽  
Na-Kyung Ahn ◽  
Yeon-Uk Choi ◽  
Min-ji Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Hot Water Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

scholarly journals UJI TOKSISITAS ORAL REPEATED DOSE FILTRAT BUAH LUWINGAN (Ficus hispida L.f.) MENGGUNAKAN MODEL TIKUS (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) GALUR WISTAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laksmindra Fitria ◽  
Rosita Dwi Putri Suranto ◽  
Indira Diah Utami ◽  
Septy Azizah Puspitasari
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Repeated Dose ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Effect Level

Hairy fig is a tropical medium-sized tree that produces abundant fruits throughout the year. In some Asian countries, the fruits are consumed as traditional medicine and food ingredient. Meanwhile in Indonesia there has not been much use. A series of oral toxicity tests must be conducted to study the possibility of toxic effects and the safety before further exploration. Oral single dose toxicity study of young and ripe hairy fig fruit filtrate has been carried out. Results demonstrated no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) at a concentration of 100%. This study was aimed to continue the oral toxicity test with repeated dose following standard toxicity procedure by OECD Test Guideline No. 407 with some modifications. Parameters observed were mortality, sublethal effects consisted of physical conditions and behavior, body weight, core temperature, complete blood count, as well as liver, heart, and renal functions by measuring ALT, AST, and creatinine, respectively. Sampling points on day 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Results showed no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) in both young and ripe fruits filtrate at a concentration of 100% however with a tendency to cause anemia and associate with renal dysfunction. Therefore, it is necessary to perform similar method of toxicity test but with lower concentration, also continue with further toxicity tests (subchronic and chronic periods).  

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Polyphenols-Rich Extract from Tea (Camellia sinensis) Flowers in Acute and Chronic Mice Models

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bang-Tian Chen ◽  
Wei-Xi Li ◽  
Rong-Rong He ◽  
Yi-Fang Li ◽  
Bun Tsoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Liver Inflammation ◽  
Hot Water Extract ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Necrosis Factor

While beneficial health properties of tea leaves have been extensively studied, less attention is paid to the flowers of tea. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of hot water extract of tea (Camellia sinensis) flowers were investigated. Pharmacological studies found that administration of tea flowers extract (TFE) could effectively inhibit croton oil-induced ear edema and carrageenin-induced paw edema. Furthermore, administration of TFE also protected againstPropionibacterium acnes(P. ances) plus lipopolysaccharide-(LPS-) induced liver inflammation by reversing the histologic damage and plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increase. Moreover, the levels of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-(TNF)-αand interleukin-(IL-) 1βmRNA in mouse liver were markedly suppressed after treatment with TFE in mice with immunological liver inflammation. These results indicated that tea flowers had potent anti-inflammatory effects on acute and immunological inflammationin vivo, and may be used as a functional natural food.

scholarly journals Acute Oral Toxicity Test of Hot Water Extract of Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf in Rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotaka HAYASHI ◽  
Yasuyuki OHTA ◽  
Takanari ARAI ◽  
Yasuko SHIMANO ◽  
Fumihide TAKANO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Hot Water Extract
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document