scholarly journals The Application of PRIMET For Pesticide Registration and Monitoring in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berhan Teklu ◽  
Sevil Deniz Yakan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Protection Goals ◽  
Environment And Trade ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Pesticide Registration

Abstract Pesticide registration is an activity often not supported with proper risk assessment procedures in developing countries like Ethiopia. In this study, we tried the PRIMET (Pesticide Risks in the Tropics for Man, Environment and Trade), a tool developed to assess the risks to non-target protection goals believed to assist the pesticide registration and monitoring activities in Ethiopia. For this study, seven pesticides (imdacloprid, difenoconazole, metalaxyl, dimethoate, thiamethoxam, nicosulfuron and bupirimate) were selected randomly and their data of physico-chemical characteristics, toxicological information and pesticide use were mined from either the information given on the dossier or PPDB (Pesticides Properties Database). Results indicated that imidacloprid, dimethoate and thiamethoxam are highly risky to bees when bee hives are present inside the field of the sprayed crop, while Thiamethoxam is highly risky at when hives are present in and off field crop situation. Another outcome was that imidacloprid and dimethoate are expected to have high acute risk for birds, while difenoconazole, metalaxyl, dimethoate showed high acute and chronic risks to the aquatic ecosystem, respectively. Future studies should give emphasis on how the results of risk assessment can be practical to help the registration processes and how the results are compared with actual measurement values.

scholarly journals Assessment of Chemical Pollution With Routine Pesticides Using PRIMET, a Pesticide Risk Model in the Benoe Stream in the South-West Region of Cameroon

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (30) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Daniel Brice Kenko Nkontcheu ◽  
Patricia Bi Asanga Fai ◽  
Géraud Canis Tasse Taboue ◽  
Norbert Ngameni Tchamadeu ◽  
Francis Ngealekeleoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Environment And Trade ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Chronic Risk

Widespread extensive and improper application of pesticides may pose risk to aquatic ecosystem and affect non-target organisms. This study aimed at assessing chemical pollution with pesticides using the PRIMET (Pesticides Risks in the tropics to Man, Environment and Trade) model in the Benoe stream. Ecotoxicological data on pesticides, pesticide and water physico-chemistry were used as input parameters. Water parameters were measured monthly for 06 months in 08 sampling points along the stream. Pesticide characteristics were obtained from the Pesticides Properties Data Base (PPDB) and the PRIMET software. The risk assessment was done for 44 active ingredients used in the area and whose ecotoxicological and physico-chemical data were available. Water parameters significantly (p<0.05) varied across seasons. Based on the Exposure Toxicity Ratio (ETR) and the Predicted Exposure Concentration (PEC), the model predicted 09 pesticides to pose a definite acute risk (ETR>100), seven to pose an acute possible risk (1≤ETR≤100) and 28 to pose no risk (ETR<1). Cadusafos (ETR=5200, PEC=39µg/l) was the most risky pesticide while imazalil (ETR=0.0002, PEC=0.0053µg/l) was the least risky compound. Cypermethrin was predicted to pose both definite acute risk to water and possible chronic risk to fish, water and Daphnia. Seven active ingredients were predicted to pose possible chronic risk to Daphnia. Pesticide used in plantations near water bodies is a threat to the aquatic ecosystem augmented in case of misuse. Bioaccumulation potential and impact of these compounds on water quality and biota community structure should be examined.

scholarly journals Generalized Read-Across prediction using genra-py

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Shah ◽  
Tia Tate ◽  
Grace Patlewicz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
Assessment Problems

Abstract Motivation Generalized Read-Across (GenRA) is a data-driven approach to estimate physico-chemical, biological or eco-toxicological properties of chemicals by inference from analogues. GenRA attempts to mimic a human expert’s manual read-across reasoning for filling data gaps about new chemicals from known chemicals with an interpretable and automated approach based on nearest-neighbors. A key objective of GenRA is to systematically explore different choices of input data selection and neighborhood definition to objectively evaluate predictive performance of automated read-across estimates of chemical properties. Results We have implemented genra-py as a python package that can be freely used for chemical safety analysis and risk assessment applications. Automated read-across prediction in genra-py conforms to the scikit-learn machine learning library's estimator design pattern, making it easy to use and integrate in computational pipelines. We demonstrate the data-driven application of genra-py to address two key human health risk assessment problems namely: hazard identification and point of departure estimation. Availability and implementation The package is available from github.com/i-shah/genra-py.

scholarly journals An Approach to Sustainability Risk Assessment in Industrial Assets

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6538
Author(s):  
Fco. Javier García-Gómez ◽  
Víctor Fco. Rosales-Prieto ◽  
Alberto Sánchez-Lite ◽  
José Luis Fuentes-Bargues ◽  
Cristina González-Gaya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
The People ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Identification Analysis ◽  
A Company ◽  
Industrial Company

Asset management, as a global process through which value is added to a company, is a managerial model that involves major changes in strategies, technologies, and resources; risk management; and a change in the attitude of the people involved. The growing commitment of companies to sustainability results in them applying this approach to all their activities. For this reason, it is relevant to develop sustainability risk assessment procedures in industrial assets. This paper presents a methodological framework for the inclusion of sustainability aspects in the risk management of industrial assets. This approach presents a procedure to provide general criteria, methodology, and essential mandatory requirements to be adopted for the identification, analysis, and evaluation of sustainability aspects, impacts, and risks related to assets owned and managed by an industrial company. The proposed procedure is based on ISO 55,000 and ISO 31,000 standards and was developed following three steps: a preliminary study, identification of sustainability aspects and sustainability risks/opportunities, and impact assessment and residual risks management. Our results could serve as a model that facilitates the improvement of sustainability analysis risks in industrial assets and could be used as a basis for future developments in the application of the standards to optimize management of these assets.

scholarly journals The Suitability of BEPS in Developing Countries (Emphasis on Latin America and the Caribbean)

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Isaác Gonzalo Arias Esteban ◽  
Anarella Calderoni
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Technological Infrastructure ◽  
General Overview ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Competing Priorities ◽  
Mass Information

AbstractIn developing countries, where competing priorities often overwhelm capacity, the sweeping BEPS initiative can serve to motivate and justify the devotion of limited resources to the international tax field. It is hard to say whether all of the BEPS Actions are “suitable” for developing countries as their size, level of maturity, and many other factors that influence taxation vary drastically. An evaluation of domestic circumstances will help to determine the tax regime’s compatibility with the BEPS recommendations. This initiative represents a minimum level of commitment that is necessary to ascertain sustainable BEPS implementation. Certain attributes will influence the feasibility of this implementation such as the adaptability of the juridical system to enforce new regulations, the technological infrastructure, the capacity to process and protect mass information, efficient risk assessment procedures and analysis tools, and continual training and development workshops, among others. The BEPS project is still quite young; however, thanks to contributions from CIAT member countries, the BEPS Monitoring database was created. This can provide us with a general overview of how extensively each BEPS Action has been implemented in these countries so far.

scholarly journals Monitoring and risk assessment for groundwater sources in rural communities of Romania (GROUNDWATERISK)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oana Teodora Moldovan ◽  
Rannveig Øvrevik Skoglund ◽  
Horia Leonard Banciu ◽  
Alexandra Dinu Cucoș ◽  
Erika Andrea Levei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Groundwater Ecosystems ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Agricultural Areas

In the past 100 years, a decreasing rainfall trend has been recorded on Romanian territory, a trend that continues today. Therefore, realistic estimation of the groundwater resources is crucial, especially for the rural communities lacking the economic power to use alternative sources of drinking water. The groundwater sources used by rural communities in Romania generally originate directly from caves, wells or springs with no proper evaluation of the water quality. Groundwater is exposed to different pollutants, as bats' guano in caves, fertilizers in agricultural areas or livestock (cattle, sheep, goats, etc.) farms on the surface. On the other hand, the water extracted directly from inside the caves is affecting groundwater ecosystems, highly vulnerable to any human impact and neglected by European legislation so far. The project aims to monitor, during two consecutive years, groundwater sources with different degrees of above- and underground pollution, from different regions of Romania. To achieve the goals of the project, a multidisciplinary monitoring strategy that will include measurements of hydrological, physico-chemical and biological (microbiology and aquatic invertebrates’ assessment) parameters alongside the quantification of radon and stable isotopes, rainfall or possible inflows of water. The specific outcomes of this project are: i) to test, develop and validate a new, more rapid and efficient method for monitoring and risk assessment of groundwater sources – and not only – by using molecular techniques, and propose this method to the water agencies in Romania; ii) to propose for Romanian authorities to implement a harmonized coherent methodology to measure radon concentration in water, as a consequence of EURATOM Directive; and iii) to educate local communities that are using groundwater as source for drinking water and raise young people’s awareness on the benefits of ecosystem services provided by the groundwater.

scholarly journals Landslide risk reduction measures: A review of practices and challenges for the tropics

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Maes ◽  
Matthieu Kervyn ◽  
Astrid de Hontheim ◽  
Olivier Dewitte ◽  
Liesbet Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Publication Output ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Landslide Risk Reduction

The overall objective of this review is to gain insights into landslide risk reduction measures that are applied or recommended in tropical landslide-prone countries, and the challenges at play. More specifically, this review aims to (i) presenting an overview of recent studies on landslides and landslide risk reduction in these countries, (ii) exploring the factors controlling the publication output on landslides and landslide risk reduction, (iii) reviewing the various landslide risk reduction measures recommended and implemented, and (iv) identifying the bottlenecks for the implementation of these strategies. A compilation of recommended and implemented landslide risk reduction measures in 99 landslide-prone tropical countries was made, based on an extensive review of scientific literature (382 publications). The documented measures are analysed using a scheme of risk reduction measures that combines classifications of the Hyogo Framework for Action and the SafeLand project. Our literature review shows that the factors influencing the number of publications on landslides and landslide risk reduction per country are (in order of importance) the absolute physical exposure of people to landslides, the population number and the Human Development Index of a country. The ratio of publications on landslide risk reduction versus publications on landslides for landslide-prone tropical countries does not vary much between these countries (average: 0.28). A significant fraction (0.30) of all known landslide hazard reduction measures are neither implemented nor recommended according to our review. The most recommended landslide risk reduction component is ‘risk management and vulnerability reduction’ (0.38). However, the most implemented component is ‘risk assessment’ (0.57). Overall, the ratio of implemented versus recommended landslide risk reduction measures in the tropics is low (<0.50) for most landslide risk reduction components, except for ‘risk assessment’ (3.01). The most cited bottlenecks for implementing landslide risk reduction measures are scientific (0.30) and political (0.29) in nature.

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