scholarly journals Enhanced Lignin Biodegradation by Consortium of White rot Fungi: Microbial Synergistic Effects and Product Mapping

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tangwu Cui ◽  
Bo Yuan ◽  
Haiwei Guo ◽  
Hua Tian ◽  
Weimin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Quantum Coherence ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Lignin Biodegradation ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Product Mapping

Abstract Background : As one of the major components in lignocellulosic biomass, lignin has been considered as the most abundant renewable aromatic feedstock in the world. Featuring with mild conditions and diversity, biological degradation of lignin is a promising approach comparing with thermal or catalytic ones. Results : In this study, a consortium of white rot fungi composed of Lenzites betulina and Trametes versicolor was employed in order to enhance the ligninolytic enzyme activity of laccase (Lac) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) under microbial synergism. The maximum enzymatic activity of Lac and MnP was individually 18.06 U·mL-1 and 13.58 U·mL-1 along with a lignin degradation rate of 50%, which were achieved from batch cultivation of the consortium. The activity of Lac and MnP obtained from the consortium was all improved more than 40%, compared with monocultures of L. betulina or T. versicolor under the same culture condition. Our findings of enhanced biodegradation were in accordance with the results observed from scanning electron microscope (SEM) and secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Finally, the analysis of heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) provided a comprehensive product mapping of the lignin biodegradation, suggesting that the lignin has undergone depolymerization of the macromolecules, side-chain cleavage, and aromatic ring-opening reactions. Conclusions : Our results revealed a considerable escalation on the enzymatic activities obtained in a short period from the cultivation of the L. betulina or T. versicolor due to the enhanced microbial synergistic effects, providing a potential bioconversion route for the applications of lignin utilization.

scholarly journals Enhanced lignin biodegradation by consortium of white rot fungi: microbial synergistic effects and product mapping

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tangwu Cui ◽  
Bo Yuan ◽  
Haiwei Guo ◽  
Hua Tian ◽  
Weimin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Quantum Coherence ◽  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Lignin Biodegradation ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Product Mapping

Abstract Background As one of the major components of lignocellulosic biomass, lignin has been considered as the most abundant renewable aromatic feedstock in the world. Comparing with thermal or catalytic strategies for lignin degradation, biological conversion is a promising approach featuring with mild conditions and diversity, and has received great attention nowadays. Results In this study, a consortium of white rot fungi composed of Lenzites betulina and Trametes versicolor was employed to enhance the ligninolytic enzyme activity of laccase (Lac) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) under microbial synergism. The maximum enzymatic activity of Lac and MnP was individually 18.06 U mL−1 and 13.58 U mL−1 along with a lignin degradation rate of 50% (wt/wt), which were achieved from batch cultivation of the consortium. The activities of Lac and MnP obtained from the consortium were both improved more than 40%, as compared with monocultures of L. betulina or T. versicolor under the same culture condition. The enhanced biodegradation performance was in accordance with the results observed from scanning electron microscope (SEM) of lignin samples before and after biodegradation, and secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Finally, the analysis of heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) provided a comprehensive product mapping of the lignin biodegradation, suggesting that the lignin has undergone depolymerization of the macromolecules, side-chain cleavage, and aromatic ring-opening reactions. Conclusions Our results revealed a considerable escalation on the enzymatic activity obtained in a short period from the cultivation of the L. betulina or T. versicolor due to the enhanced microbial synergistic effects, providing a potential bioconversion route for lignin utilization.

Biodegradation and Biotransformation of Lindane by DDT-Degrading White Rot Fungi

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Peng Fei Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
First Report ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Phlebia Brevispora

Lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) was used as the substrate for a degradation experiment with the white rot fungiPhlebia brevisporaTMIC34596 andPhlebia lindtneriGB1027, which are capable of degrading DDT. Pure culture of both fungi showed that about 40% of lindane was degraded after 7 days of incubation, while over 70% of lindane was degraded after 28 days of incubation. Eight metabolic products such as pentachlorocyclohexanol, dihydroxytetrachlorocyclohexane and trihydroxytrichlorocyclohexane were detected from both fungal cultures using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). This is the first report of the biodegradation of lindane through successive Cl/OH substitution pathway by microorganisms.

scholarly journals Mechanism of lignin degradation via white rot fungi explored using spectral analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 5494-5507
Author(s):  
Libo Jin ◽  
Guoming Zeng ◽  
Haojie Chen ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Hao Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Alkali Lignin ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

The mechanism of lignin degradation via white rot fungi was studied. Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus ostreatus were used for all the experiments, i.e., measuring the concentration and structure of alkali lignins and studying the effect of the substrate concentration and enzyme activity on the removal. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed on the reaction liquid of the lignin degradation enzyme system. Alkali lignin had a characteristic absorption spectrum with a peak at approximately 280 nm. Precipitation in the laccase (Lac) degradation system occurred earlier, as well as being more obvious than that in the manganese peroxidase (Mnp) degradation system. The maximum removal was 29.4% in the Mnp degradation system at a concentration of 40 mg/L. The removal increased in a concentration-dependent manner in the Lac degradation system. The increase in Mnp and Lac enzyme activity led to an increased alkali lignin removal. The removal of the control group was significantly lower than the experimental degradation systems. The degradation mainly produced organic acids, esters, and aromatic substances. In conclusion, white rot fungi could effectively remove alkali lignin, in which precipitation played a major role, followed by enzymolysis; the enzymolysis was associated with the alkali lignin concentration and enzyme activity.

Establishing molecular genetics for Phanerochaete chrysosporium

1987 ◽  
Vol 321 (1561) ◽  
pp. 475-483 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Phanerochaete Chrysosporium ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Strain Improvement ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
White Rot ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Lignin Biodegradation ◽  
Control Of Expression

Genetics provides an approach to the analysis of the complex function of lignin biodegradation, through the isolation of mutants and the creation of gene libraries for the identification of genes and their products. However, white-rot fungi (for example, Phanerochaete chrysosporium ) have not so far been analysed from this point of view, and there is the challenge of establishing such genetics. P. chrysosporium is convenient experimentally because relatively few genes are switched on at the onset of ligninolytic activity. We describe the isolation of clones carrying genes expressed specifically in the ligninolytic phase, the development of a general strategy for mapping such clones, and the elucidation of the mating system of this organism. Another objective is the development of methods for transforming DNA into P. chrysosporium . This would allow the use of site-directed mutagenesis to analyse the functioning of ligninases, and the control of expression of the corresponding genes. The use of genetic crosses for strain improvement and the identification of components of the system are also discussed.

scholarly journals Antifungal activities of Cunninghamia lanceolata heartwood extractives

BioResources ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 606-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Shujun Li ◽  
Camille Freitag ◽  
J. J. Morrell
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antifungal Activities

Three extractives from China-fir were obtained by a sequential extraction processes with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The components of the three extractives were analyzed: (1) The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that in addition to the presence of cedrol, naphthalenes comprised a relatively large percentage of both the hexane extract (10.39%) and the ethyl acetate extract (9.43%). (2) Total phenolic contents analysis showed that phenols took up 6.66 % of the ethyl acetate extract and 22.8% of the methanol extract. All extracts, even with low concentrations, presented fair antifungal activities against two white-rot fungi, Trametes versicolor and Irpex lacteusand two brown-rot fungi, Postia placenta and Gloeophyllum trabeum. Cedrol and naphthalenes were partly responsible for the bioactivities. The synergistic effect of phenols and antifungal compounds also contributed to the wood decay resistance.

Mechanisms of Humic Acids Degradation by White Rot Fungi Explored Using1H NMR Spectroscopy and FTICR Mass Spectrometry

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 2748-2754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzafrir Grinhut ◽  
Norbert Hertkorn ◽  
Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin ◽  
Yitzhak Hadar ◽  
Yona Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Fticr Mass Spectrometry

scholarly journals Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of Holotrichia parallela to Volatiles from Peanut

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Zhang ◽  
Zhihao Cui ◽  
Nuo Zhang ◽  
Guanglin Xie ◽  
Wenkai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Field Trapping ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Holotrichia Parallela ◽  
Electroantennographic Detection

Holotrichia parallela (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) is a notorious pest of many crops, especially peanuts. In this study, volatiles from peanut plants were analyzed using both gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques, and tested for adult attraction with field trapping bioassays in Hebei Province, China. GC-EAD analyses indicated that H. parallela antennae strongly responded to twelve GC peaks, including eight identified compounds, (Z)-β-ocimene, hexanal, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, nonanal, dihydromyrcenol, linalool, β-caryophyllene, methyl salicylate, and four unidentified compounds. When tested individually in field conditions from 24 to 31 July, 2020, β-caryophyllene and hexanal significantly attracted both sexes of H. parallela, whereas all other compounds were unattractive. A blend of β-caryophyllene and hexanal at a ratio of 2:1, close to the natural ratio of these two compounds from the intact peanut plant, was most attractive to the beetles. The remaining identified compounds, (Z)-β-ocimene, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, nonanal, dihydromyrcenol, linalool, and methyl salicylate had no synergistic effects on H. parallela attraction when tested in combination with the blend of β-caryophyllene and hexanal. These results demonstrated that β-caryophyllene and hexanal in the volatiles from peanut plants have strong attraction to H. parallela. These two compounds have the potential to be used for monitoring H. parallela and its management programs.

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