Levothyroxine Treatment for Congenital Hypothyroidism Based on Thyroid Function: A 10-Year Clinical Cohort Retrospective Study

Abstract ObjectiveTo explore the appropriate dosage of levothyroxine treatment for congenital hypothyroidism patients based on thyroid function.Methods116 patients who were regularly followed up in our endocrine clinic during January 2010 to December 2020 were allocated in 4 groups in terms of their thyroid function (group A: TSH ≥ 100mIU/L, group B: 20mIU/L ≤ TSH<100mIU/L, group C: 4.6mIU/L<TSH<20mIU/L while free thyroxine (FT4)<6.6pmol/L, group D: 4.6<TSH<20mIU/ while FT4>6.6pmol/L). The initial dosage of levothyroxine was individualized given to each patient based upon their TSH level and adjusted according to their thyroid function at every follow-up time point. The levothyroxine dosage at each time point of groups was compared, the thyroid function after treatment, physical and neurological development of different groups were also assessed.ResultsExcept for the first month after initial levothyroxine treatment, there was a statistical difference in thyroid function between groups (p < 0.05), and some patients hadn’t reached the normal level, in the following time points, after individualized dosage adjustment, all patients achieved the normal thyroid function, moreover, the difference of levothyroxine dosage was significant between four groups (p < 0.05) and positively correlated with the severity of disease. Although there were statistical differences in neurological development between groups (p < 0.05), they were all within the normal range.ConclusionCompared to recommend dosage, individualized Levothyroxine dosage could also obtain the same therapeutic effect while may reduce the risk of drug overdose.

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Repair Effects of NGF and FPS-ZM1 on brains of epileptic rats

10.21203/rs.3.rs-391238/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qiao-bin CHEN ◽

Dong-mei LI ◽

Qiong FANG ◽

Lang CHEN ◽

Xin ZHENG

Keyword(s):

Brain Injury ◽

Learning Ability ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

The Difference ◽

Group B ◽

Group D ◽

The Brain ◽

Time Point

Abstract Background Epilepsy in children seriously affects the quality of life and learning ability of children.And it is very important for repairing the brain function of children after seizure.In this study ,we will investigates the neuroprotective effects of NGF and FPS-ZM1 by measuring HMGB1of hippocampus and serum after intervening the rats with NGF and FPS-ZM1. It would provide theoretical basis for the treatment of brain injury caused by epilepsy. Methods 130 Wistar male young rats were randomly divided into three groups: Group A (normal control group including 31 rats), group B (epilepsy group including 33 rats), group C (NGF group including 33 rats), group D (FPS-ZM1 group including 33 rats).9 living rats were randomly selected at 3hours,24hours and 72hours after the intervention from each group, blood samples and the hippocampus were taken .The expression of HMGB1 in hippocampus was measured by Western-blot, and the content of HMGB1 in serum was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The expression of HMGB1 in hippocampus and serum at each time point of group B was significantly higher than that of group A (P < 0.01 ). And there was no significant difference among of 3h, 24h and 72h. The expression of HMGB1 in hippocampus and serum of group C and D was lower than that of group B at each time point, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In group D, the expressions of HMGB1 in hippocampus and serum of group D were lower than that of group C at 3hours and 24 hours, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05), But there was no significant difference between group C and group D at 72 hours (P > 0.05). Conclusion HMGB1 was significantly increased in hippocampus and serum of epileptic rats, it was suggested that HMGB1 was involved in the inflammatory process of epilepsy and HMGB1 could be used as a marker of brain injury degree after seizure. NGF and FPS-ZM1 had the effect of repairing the brain after seizure. FPS-ZM1 is superior to NGF in the protection of nervous system.

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Efficacy and Safety of Oral Ivermectin and Topical Permethrin in the Treatment of Scabies

TAJ Journal of Teachers Association ◽

10.3329/taj.v33i1.49824 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 41-47

Author(s):

Mohsena Akhter ◽

Ishrat Bhuiyan ◽

Zulfiqer Hossain Khan ◽

Mahfuza Akhter ◽

Gulam Kazem Ali Ahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Diseases ◽

Close Contact ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Common Skin ◽

Group A ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Group B

Background: Scabies is one of the most common skin diseases in our country. It is caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis, which is an ecto-parasite infesting the epidermis. Scabies is highly contagious. Prevalence is high in congested or densely populated areas. Individuals with close contact with an affected person should be treated with scabicidal which is available in both oral and topical formulations. The only oral but highly effective scabicidal known to date is Ivermectin. Amongst topical preparations, Permethrin 5 % cream is the treatment of choice. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy & safety of oral Ivermectin compared to topical Permethrin in the treatment of scabies. Methodology: This prospective, non-randomized study was conducted at the out-patient department of Dermatology and Venereology of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital over a period of 6 months, from August 2016 to January 2017. The study population consisted of one hundred patients having scabies, enrolled according to inclusion criteria. They were divided into two groups. group A was subjected to oral Ivermectin and the group B to Permethrin 5% cream. Patients were followed up on day 7 and 14 for assessment of efficacy and safety. Result: The mean scoring with SD in group A (Ivermectin) and group B (Permethrin) were 8.26 ± 2.22 and 7.59 ± 2.01 respectively at the time of observation. The difference between the mean score of the two group is not significant (p=0.117) the mean scoring with SD in group A and group B were 4.54 ± 2.05 and 1.64 ± 1.84 respectively at 7thdays. The difference between the mean score of the two group is significant (p<0.001). The mean scoring with SD in group A and group B were 2.68± 2.35 and .36± 1.10 respectively at 14th day difference between the mean score of the group is significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Topical application of permethrin 5% cream is more effective and safer than oral Ivermectin in the treatment of scabies. TAJ 2020; 33(1): 41-47

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Effect of Sample Storage Conditions on Body Burden Analysis of Organic Contaminants in Unionid Mussels

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.1992.050 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 833-844 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Micheline Hanna

Keyword(s):

Organic Contaminants ◽

Body Burden ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

The Body ◽

Sample Storage ◽

Pcb Congeners ◽

Unionid Mussels ◽

Group A ◽

The Difference ◽

Group B

Abstract In order to quantitatively assess the effect of sample storage conditions on the body burden analysis of organic contaminants, a comparative analysis was carried out on the unionid mussel Elliptic complanata. The mussels were divided into two groups, each with distinct storage conditions, while Group A was kept in the freezer at −20°C, Group B was kept in the refrigerator for five days at 5°C. All the compounds present in the control were also present in Group B samples. Analysis of the organic contaminants in each of these two groups showed that for total PCB concentrations, the two treatments were not significantly different; however when compared individually 6 of the 13 PCB congeners showed significant differences. The observed differences were relatively small for individual PCB congeners (7.1 to 15.3%), higher for chlorobenzenes (10.5 to 36.4%), and yet higher for HCE (44.1%); the difference for HCE, although large is nevertheless not significant, even if only marginally so.

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The Pandemic and Changes in the Self-Perception of Teacher Digital Competences of Infant Grade Students: A Cross Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094756 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4756

Author(s):

Rosalía Romero-Tena ◽

Carmen Llorente-Cejudo ◽

María Puig-Gutiérrez ◽

Raquel Barragán-Sánchez

Keyword(s):

Intervention Group ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Self Perception ◽

Digital Competence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Self Perceptions ◽

Group A ◽

Different Dimensions ◽

The Difference ◽

Group B

Without having a reaction time, the pandemic has caused an unprecedented transformation in universities around the world, leading to a revolution from structured models anchored in the conception of transmission of training towards a teaching approach-learning saved thanks to the incorporation of technology. This study aims to verify whether the pandemic situation has influenced the digital competence self-perception of students. Comparing two groups during the academic years 2019/2020 and 2020/2021, the instrument used is the questionnaire for digital competence “DigCompEdu Check-In” for future teachers. After the educational intervention, group A (before COVID-19) presented higher self-perceptions of competence than group B (during COVID-19); the pandemic situation caused by COVID-19 has negatively influenced students’ self-perception of their digital skills in the pretest in the different dimensions under study. Before receiving the training, the group that did not experience the pandemic enjoyed a higher self-perception of their competencies than the group that experienced the pandemic. The data obtained indicate that the difference exists, and that it is statistically significant, and may be a consequence of the clear relationship between self-perception and the way in which students face reality through their personal and subjective vision.

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Does body position, age, and heart rate induce IOP’s changes?

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/11206721211023313 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112067212110233

Author(s):

Marcelina Sobczak ◽

Magdalena Asejczyk ◽

Malwina Geniusz

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Body Position ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cardiovascular Parameters ◽

Entire Cohort ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

The Difference ◽

Group B ◽

Effect Of Age

Objectives: The main goal of this research was to determine the differences between the values of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the supine and sitting positions, and to assess the effect of age and cardiovascular parameters. Methods: Seventy-two healthy adults were enrolled and classified into age groups: 20–30 years (group A), 31–40 years (group B), and 41–71 years (group C). Corneal biometry and cardiovascular parameters, such as heart rate (HR), were measured. IOP measurements were taken in the sitting position (IOPS) and in the supine position (IOPL) using the iCare® Pro tonometer. Results: A significant difference between the IOPS and IOPL in the entire cohort was found ( p < 0.001). Regarding the age subgroups, a significant difference ( p < 0.001) between the IOPS and IOPL was obtained in group A (2.6 ± 1.6 mmHg) and group C (1.5 ± 1.3 mmHg). There were no significant differences in the IOPS between groups. The highest IOP values were obtained for group A. The correlations between HR and IOPS are statistically significant for group A and group B, and for HR and IOPL-S for group B only. Multivariate analysis showed that HR has a significant influence on the difference in IOP in the two body positions. Conclusion: A statistically significant difference between the effect of age and the values of IOPS and IOPL was shown. Cardiovascular parameters showed some relevant statistical dependencies, but with a rather marginal significance in young people. The influence of body position for the measurement of IOP for healthy subjects does not seem to matter, despite the fact that there are some dependencies that are statistically significant.

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Monopolar Diathermy Tonsillectomy Versus Dissection Method Tonsillectomy

KYAMC Journal ◽

10.3329/kyamcj.v10i1.41478 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 21-24

Author(s):

Md Abdus Salam ◽

Md Mahbub Alam ◽

Rezwan Ahmed ◽

Md Sultan Mahmud

Keyword(s):

Postoperative Pain ◽

Postoperative Bleeding ◽

Throat Pain ◽

Medical College ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Case Surgery ◽

Group A ◽

The Difference ◽

Group B ◽

Dissection Method

Background: Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures performed worldwide by otorhinolaryngologists for different indications. Tonsillectomy is often performed as day-case surgery, which increases the demands of a satisfactory postoperative pain control and a low risk of early postoperative bleeding. Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the Monopolar diathermy and Dissection methods of tonsillectomy and evaluate their advantages and disadvantages during surgery, convalescence. Materials and Methods: Two hundred children were recruited for this study during the period of five years from January, 2014 to December, 2018 at Otolaryngology department of Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College and Hospital (KYAMCH). Subjects between the age of 5 and 25 years listed for tonsillectomy were included. Subjects were recommended not to have aspirin within the 2 weeks before surgery. Results: The mean duration of operation was found 10.6±0.4 minutes in group A and 17.0±0.7 minutes in group B. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) between two groups. At 1st day, 11(11.0%) patients had throat pain in group A and 23(23.0%) in group B. At 2nd day, 14(14.0%) patients had throat pain in group A and 25(25.0%) in group B. Which were statistically significant (p<0.05) between two groups. Conclusion: The monopolar diathermy tonsillectomy appears to cause less bleeding, postoperative pain and less time consuming in compare with the dissection tonsillectomy although patients experience slightly more pain than dissection Method. KYAMC Journal Vol. 10, No.-1, April 2019, Page 21-24

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Anal sphincter dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: an observation manometric study

Open Medicine ◽

10.1515/med-2016-0088 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 509-517 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Silvia Marola ◽

Alessia Ferrarese ◽

Enrico Gibin ◽

Marco Capobianco ◽

Antonio Bertolotto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Fecal Incontinence ◽

Anal Pressure ◽

Before And After ◽

Group A ◽

The Difference ◽

Resting Anal Pressure ◽

Group B ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽

Group D

AbstractConstipation, obstructed defecation, and fecal incontinence are frequent complaints in multiple sclerosis. The literature on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these disorders is scant. Using anorectal manometry, we compared the anorectal function in patients with and without multiple sclerosis.136 patients referred from our Center for Multiple Sclerosis to the Coloproctology Outpatient Clinic, between January 2005 and December 2011, were enrolled. The patients were divided into four groups: multiple sclerosis patients with constipation (group A); multiple sclerosis patients with fecal incontinence (group B); non-multiple sclerosis patients with constipation (group C); non-multiple sclerosis patients with fecal incontinence (group D). Anorectal manometry was performed to measure: resting anal pressure; maximum squeeze pressure; rectoanal inhibitory reflex; filling pressure and urge pressure. The difference between resting anal pressure before and after maximum squeeze maneuvers was defined as the change in resting anal pressure calculated for each patient.ResultsGroup A patients were noted to have greater sphincter hypotonia at rest and during contraction compared with those in group C (p=0.02); the rectal sensitivity threshold was lower in group B than in group D patients (p=0.02). No voluntary postcontraction sphincter relaxation was observed in either group A or group B patients (p=0.891 and p=0.939, respectively).ConclusionsThe decrease in the difference in resting anal pressure before and after maximum squeeze maneuvers suggests post-contraction sphincter spasticity, indicating impaired pelvic floor coordination in multiple sclerosis patients. A knowledge of manometric alterations in such patients may be clinically relevant in the selection of patients for appropriate treatments and for planning targeted rehabilitation therapy.

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Comparison of efficacy of propofol and sevoflurane for laryngeal mask airway insertion during elective surgeries

Journal of Chitwan Medical College ◽

10.3126/jcmc.v5i1.12562 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 23-27

Author(s):

H R Rehman ◽

I Hassan ◽

T Hussain ◽

A A Mir ◽

M Zahid

Keyword(s):

Laryngeal Mask Airway ◽

Laryngeal Mask ◽

Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion ◽

Cough Reflex ◽

Laryngeal Mask Insertion ◽

Group A ◽

Gag Reflex ◽

The Difference ◽

Hospital Ethics ◽

Group B

This study was conducted in the Department of Anesthesiology, Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi from 5 October 2011 to 5 April 2012 after approval of hospital ethics committee. Three hundred and eighteen patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected in the study by non-probability consecutive sampling after taking informed written consent. Patients between the ages of 20 to 40 years were included, belonging to ASA class I and II, requiring General Anesthesia with Laryngeal Mask Airway for different surgical procedures. They were divided into two equal groups by computer generated random numbers. Group A comprised of one hundred and fifty eight patients in whom intravenous propofol was given for induction of anesthesia and Laryngeal mask insertion. Group B comprised of one hundred and fifty eight patients in whom inhalational induction with sevoflurane was done for Laryngeal mask insertion. Conduct of anesthesia was maintained similar in both groups. Cough and gag reflexes were observed in both groups at the time of Laryngeal mask insertion. Drug under study was said to be effective, if it is associated with no cough and gag reflex during Laryngeal mask insertion. All the data was analyzed by SPSS version 15. It was observed that 6.3% patients of group A (propofol) had positive cough reflex as compare to 13.2%% patients of group B (sevoflurane). The difference was statistically significant (p=0.038). While the incidence of gag reflex in group A was 8.2% and group B was 14.5%. But the difference was not found to be statistically significant (p=0.077). Propofol is more effective than sevoflurane for smooth LMA insertion during elective surgeries.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v5i1.12562

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INFLUENCE ON THE OUTCOME OF ART PROGRAMS OF FROZEN-THAWED BLASTOCYSTS EXPANDED ON FIVE OR SIX DAY

Reproductive Medicine ◽

10.37800/rm2021-2-7 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 68-75

Author(s):

A.O. Polumiskova ◽

S.I. Tevkin ◽

T.M. Jussubaliyeva ◽

M.S. Shishimorova

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy Rate ◽

Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽

Reproductive Technologies ◽

Clinical Pregnancy ◽

Clinical Pregnancy Rate ◽

Miscarriage Rate ◽

Art Programs ◽

Group A ◽

The Difference ◽

Group B

In order to increase the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) programs, it is essential to improve and develop conditions of embryo culture prior its transfer or cryopreservation of expanded blastocysts on the day 5 or 6. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of human blastocysts’ expansion timing on clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), miscarriage rate (MR) and take-home baby rate (THBR) in frozen-thawed cycles during ART programs. The study involved 2275 frozen embryo transfers (FET) of blastocysts expanded on the day 5 (group A) and 170 FET of blastocysts expanded on the day 6 (group B). The pregnancy rates in both groups were 50.8% and 46.5% respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in clinical pregnancy rate 37.4% and 37.0%, miscarriage rate 26.0% and 21.5% in both groups, respectively. THBR, as the main indicator of efficiency in the programs with transfer of post thawed expanded blastocysts on the day 5 (group A) or 6 (group B) were 36.5% and 35.2%, respectively (the difference is insignificant). In conclusion, in cryoprotocols the day of blastocyst expansion (day 5 or 6 of development) does not statistically affect PR, MR and THBR. In FET programs the quality of blastocyst (excellent and good) should be prioritized regardless of the day of cryopreservation.

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A study to assess functional outcome of cemented and uncemented total hip replacement in a tertiary care center

International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20193679 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 828

Author(s):

Kunal Ajitkumar Shah ◽

Mohan Madhav Desai

Keyword(s):

Functional Outcome ◽

Total Hip Replacement ◽

Hip Replacement ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Harris Hip Score ◽

Total Hip ◽

Vas Score ◽

Group A ◽

The Difference ◽

Group B

Background: Total hip replacement (THR) is the most successful and cost effective treatment with aim of pain relief and functional rehabilitation for hip disorders. As the implant designs of THR have evolved over time, the functional outcome and survivorship has improved. Even after so many advancements, it remains unclear that which implants are better, uncemented or cemented. Hence, we took up this study to analyze which of the uncemented or cemented THR have better functional outcome.Methods: This was a longitudinal study conducted during 2014 to 2018. Hundred cases were randomized into groups of 50 each. All patients with age between 55-80 years in whom THR was indicated were included in the study. Uncemented THR was done in Group A and cemented THR was done in Group B. Patients were followed up at 12 weeks, 6 months, 12 months, and 3 years. At follow-up, functional examination in terms of visual analogue scale (VAS) score and Harris hip score (HHS) was done.Results: The mean age of patients in Group A (uncemented) and Group B (cemented) was 62.5 years and 60 years respectively. We found that the difference of VAS score and HHS between Group A and B was statistically significant at 12 weeks and 6 months. The difference of VAS and HHS scores between Group A and B at 12 months and 3 years was not significant.Conclusions: We conclude that cemented THR has better functional outcome at short term. They are cost effective option at age ≥55-60 years.

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