scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Among Japanese Inpatients in the Early 1980s

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zuo ◽  
Yuki Uehara ◽  
Yujie Lu ◽  
Takashi Sasaki ◽  
Keiichi Hiramatsu
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Type I ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Genotypic Characteristics

Abstract Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was recognized as a serious nosocomial pathogen in Japan starting in the early 1980s. Limited genotypic characteristics on healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) associated with “hospital MRSA panics” in Japan in this era. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the characteristics of Japanese HA-MRSA strains in the early 1980s and their linkage with current MRSA strains.Methods: For 194 S. aureus strains isolated in the early 1980s, we determined methicillin resistance phenotypically and genotypically and performed multilocus sequence typing (MLST), staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, and whole-genome sequencing. Results: Twenty mecA-positive MRSA (10.3%), 8 mecA-negative MRSA (4.1%) and 3 mecA-positive methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) (1.5%) strains were identified. The frequent sequence type (ST) was ST30 (n=11), followed by ST5 (n=8), ST81 (n=4), and ST247 (n=3). Rates of SCCmec types I, II, and IV were 65.2%, 13.0%, and 17.4%, respectively. ST30-SCCmec I (n=7) and ST5-SCCmec I (n=5) were predominant genotypes. Only two strains exhibited tst-positive ST5-SCCmec II, which is the current Japanese HA-MRSA genotype. Moreover, 73.3% of SCCmec type I strains were susceptible to imipenem compared with SCCmec type II strains (0%). All ST30 strains shared a common ancestor with strain 55/2053, which resulted in a global pandemic of Panto-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive and penicillin-resistant MSSA spread in Europe and the United States in the 1950s. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated the heterogeneous population structure of Japanese HA-MRSA during the early 1980s, which comprised diverse clones that are mostly rare in recent years. The shift to the current homogenous population structure of HA-MRSA strains consisting of tst-positive ST5-SCCmec II might result from the clinical introduction of new antimicrobials including imipenem.

scholarly journals Genetic and phenotypic diversity of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Japanese inpatients in the early 1980s

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zuo ◽  
Yuki Uehara ◽  
Yujie Lu ◽  
Takashi Sasaki ◽  
Keiichi Hiramatsu
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Type I ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Imipenem Resistance ◽  
Healthcare Associated

AbstractTo trace the linkage between Japanese healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) strains in the early 1980s and the 2000s onward, we performed molecular characterizations using mainly whole-genome sequencing. Among the 194 S. aureus strains isolated, 20 mecA-positive MRSA (10.3%), 8 mecA-negative MRSA (4.1%) and 3 mecA-positive methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) (1.5%) strains were identified. The most frequent sequence type (ST) was ST30 (n = 11), followed by ST5 (n = 8), ST81 (n = 4), and ST247 (n = 3). Rates of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types I, II, and IV composed 65.2%, 13.0%, and 17.4% of isolates, respectively. Notably, 73.3% of SCCmec type I strains were susceptible to imipenem unlike SCCmec type II strains (0%). ST30-SCCmec I (n = 7) and ST5-SCCmec I (n = 5) predominated, whereas only two strains exhibited imipenem-resistance and were tst-positive ST5-SCCmec II, which is the current Japanese HA-MRSA genotype. All ST30 strains shared the common ancestor strain 55/2053, which caused the global pandemic of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive MSSA in Europe and the United States in the 1950s. Conspicuously more heterogeneous, the population of HA-MRSA clones observed in the 1980s, including the ST30-SCCmec I clone, has shifted to the current homogeneous population of imipenem-resistant ST5-SCCmec II clones, probably due to the introduction of new antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Characterization and Proposed Nomenclature of Epidemic Strains of MRSA in Canada

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
AE Simor ◽  
D Boyd ◽  
L Louie ◽  
A McGeer ◽  
M Mulvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
The Past ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Genotypic Characteristics

The incidence of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) has been increasing in many Canadian hospitals over the past few years. Some strains may be considered ‘epidemic’, in that they are clinically or epidemiologically significant, and have been identified in patients from multiple hospitals and geographic regions across the country. This paper describes phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of four epidemic MRSA strains in Canada and proposes standardized nomenclature.

scholarly journals Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Recovered from Healthcare- and Community-Associated Infections in Egypt

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdel-Maksoud ◽  
Mona El-Shokry ◽  
Ghada Ismail ◽  
Soad Hafez ◽  
Amani El-Kholy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Over Time

Background. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has created significant epidemiological, infection-control, and therapeutic management challenges during the past three decades. Aim. To analyze the pattern of resistance of healthcare- and community-associated MRSA in Egypt and the trend of resistance of HA-MRSA over time (2005–2013). Methods. MRSA isolates were recovered from healthcare-associated (HA) and community-associated (CA) Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections. They were tested against 11 antimicrobial discs and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin was determined. Inducible clindamycin resistance (iMLSB) was also screened using D-test. Findings. Of 631 S. aureus, MRSA was identified in 343 (76.6%) and 21 (11.5%) of HA and CA S. aureus isolates, respectively. The proportion of HA-MRSA increased significantly from 48.6% in 2005 to 86.8% in 2013 (p value < 0.001). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 85.8% of HA-MRSA and 48.6% of CA-MRSA. Vancomycin intermediate resistant S. aureus (VISA) was detected in 1.2% of HA-MRSA and none was detected in CA-MRSA. Among HA-MRSA strains, 5.3% showed iMLSB compared to 9.5% among CA-MRSA. Conclusion. The upsurge of the prevalence rates of HA-MRSA over time is alarming and urges for an effective infection control strategy and continuous monitoring of antimicrobial use.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Methicillin Resistant and Virulence Determinants in Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Manjunath Chavadi ◽  
Rahul Narasanna ◽  
Ashajyothi Chavan ◽  
Ajay Kumar Oli ◽  
Chandrakanth Kelmani. R
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Introduction:Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is the major threat that is a result of the uncontrolled use of antibiotics causing a huge loss in health, so understanding their prevalence is necessary as a public health measure.Objective:The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant MRSA and virulence determinant among associatedS. aureusfrom the clinical samples obtained from various hospital and health care centers of the Gulbarga region in India.Materials and Methods:All the collected samples were subjected for the screening ofS. aureusand were further characterized by conventional and molecular methods including their antibiotic profiling. Further, the response of methicillin antibiotic on cell morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy.Results:A total 126S. aureuswas isolated from the clinical samples which showed, 100% resistant to penicillin, 55.5% to oxacillin, 75.3% to ampicillin, 70.6% to streptomycin, 66.6% to gentamicin, 8.7% to vancomycin and 6.3% to teicoplanin. The selected MRSA strains were found to possessmecA(gene coding for penicillin-binding protein 2A) andfemA(factor essential for methicillin resistance)genetic determinants in their genome with virulence determinants such as Coagulase (coa) and the X region of the protein A (spa)gene. Further, the methicillin response in resistantS. aureusshowed to be enlarged and malformed on cell morphology.Conclusion:The molecular typing of clinical isolates ofS. aureusin this study was highly virulent and also resistant to methicillin; this will assist health professionals to control, exploration of alternative medicines and new approaches to combat Staphylococcal infections more efficiently by using targeted therapy.

scholarly journals Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal cariage among hospitalized patients and healthcare workers in the Clinical center of Serbia

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Cirkovic ◽  
Slobodanka Djukic ◽  
Biljana Carevic ◽  
Natasa Mazic ◽  
Vesna Mioljevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Healthcare Associated

The aim of the present study was to provide the first comprehensive analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage among patients and healthcare workers (HCWs) in the largest healthcare facility in Serbia. Specimens from anterior nares obtained from 195 hospitalized patients and 105 HCWs were inoculated after broth enrichment onto chromogenic MRSA-ID medium. In total, 21 of 300 specimens yielded MRSA. Among hospitalized patients, 7.7% were colonized with MRSA, and 5.7% HCWs were colonized with MRSA. Five out of 21 (23.8%) tested MRSA strains were classified as community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA), and four of them were isolated from HCWs. The remaining 16 MRSA strains had characteristics of healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA), and two of them were isolated from HCWs. The HA-MRSA strains isolated from HCWs were indistinguishable from HA-MRSA of the same cluster isolated from patients. This finding reveals the circulation of HA-MRSA strains between patients and HCWs in the Clinical Center of Serbia.

scholarly journals Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in veterinary professionals in 2017 in the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Neradova ◽  
Vladislav Jakubu ◽  
Katarina Pomorska ◽  
Helena Zemlickova
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Mrsa Colonization ◽  
Animal Strains

Abstract Background Cases of colonization or infection caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are frequently reported in people who work with animals, including veterinary personnel. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA colonization among veterinary professionals. A total of 134 nasal swabs from healthy attendees of a veterinary conference held in the Czech Republic were tested for presence of MRSA. The stains were further genotypically and phenotypically characterized. Results Nine isolated MRSA strains were characterized with sequence type (ST), spa type (t) and Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec type. Five different genotypes were described, including ST398-t011-IV (n = 5), ST398-t2330-IV (n = 1), ST398-t034-V (n = 1), ST225-t003-II (n = 1) and ST4894-t011-IV (n = 1). The carriage of the animal MRSA strain was confirmed in 8 cases, characteristics of one strain corresponded to the possible nosocomial origin. Among animal strains were described three spa types (t011, t034, t2330) belonging into one dominating clonal complex spa-CC11. Conclusion According to our results, the prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA in veterinary personnel is 6.72%. Although we described an increase compared to the results of previous study (year 2008), the prevalence in the Czech Republic is still remaining lower than reported from neighboring countries. Our results also indicate that healthcare - associated MRSA strains are still not spread among animals.

scholarly journals Control of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Associated With a Hospital Outbreak Involving Contamination From Anesthesia Equipment Using UV-C

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara A. Ochoa ◽  
Ariadnna Cruz-Córdova ◽  
Jetsi Mancilla-Rojano ◽  
Gerardo Escalona-Venegas ◽  
Veronica Esteban-Kenel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Hospital Outbreak ◽  
Anesthesia Equipment ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Uv C ◽  
Sequence Types

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is considered an opportunistic pathogen in humans and is mainly associated with healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs). This bacterium colonizes the skin and mucous membranes of healthy people and causes frequent hospital outbreaks. The aim of this study was to perform molecular typing of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) and agr loci as wells as to establish the pulsotypes and clonal complexes (CCs) for MRSA and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) outbreaks associated with the operating room (OR) at a pediatric hospital. Twenty-five clinical strains of S. aureus (19 MRSA and 6 MSSA strains) were recovered from the outbreak (patients, anesthesia equipment, and nasopharyngeal exudates from external service anesthesia technicians). These clinical S. aureus strains were mainly resistant to benzylpenicillin (100%) and erythromycin (84%) and were susceptible to vancomycin and nitrofurantoin. The SCCmec type II was amplified in 84% of the S. aureus strains, and the most frequent type of the agr locus was agrII, which was amplified in 72% of the strains; however, the agrI and agrIII genes were mainly detected in MSSA strains. A pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis grouped the 25 strains into 16 pulsotypes (P), the most frequent of which was P1, including 10 MRSA strains related to the anesthesia equipment, external service anesthesia technicians, and hospitalized patients. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) identified 15 sequence types (STs) distributed in nine CCs. The most prevalent ST was ST1011, belonging to CC5, which was associated with the SCCmec type II and agrII type. We postulate that the external service anesthesia technicians were MRSA carriers and that these strains were indirectly transmitted from the contaminated anesthesia equipment that was inappropriately disinfected. Finally, the MRSA outbreak was controlled when the anesthesia equipment disinfection was improved and hand hygiene was reinforced.

scholarly journals Comparative Genomics of Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains and Their Positions within the Clade Most Commonly Associated with Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus Hospital-Acquired Infection in the United States

mBio ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica N. Kos ◽  
Christopher A. Desjardins ◽  
Allison Griggs ◽  
Gustavo Cerqueira ◽  
Andries Van Tonder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mrsa Infection ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Foreign Dna ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Hospital Acquired

ABSTRACTMethicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strains are leading causes of hospital-acquired infections in the United States, and clonal cluster 5 (CC5) is the predominant lineage responsible for these infections. Since 2002, there have been 12 cases of vancomycin-resistantS. aureus(VRSA) infection in the United States—all CC5 strains. To understand this genetic background and what distinguishes it from other lineages, we generated and analyzed high-quality draft genome sequences for all available VRSA strains. Sequence comparisons show unambiguously that each strain independently acquired Tn1546and that all VRSA strains last shared a common ancestor over 50 years ago, well before the occurrence of vancomycin resistance in this species. In contrast to existing hypotheses on what predisposes this lineage to acquire Tn1546, the barrier posed by restriction systems appears to be intact in most VRSA strains. However, VRSA (and other CC5) strains were found to possess a constellation of traits that appears to be optimized for proliferation in precisely the types of polymicrobic infection where transfer could occur. They lack a bacteriocin operon that would be predicted to limit the occurrence of non-CC5 strains in mixed infection and harbor a cluster of unique superantigens and lipoproteins to confound host immunity. A frameshift indprA, which in other microbes influences uptake of foreign DNA, may also make this lineage conducive to foreign DNA acquisition.IMPORTANCEInvasive methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) infection now ranks among the leading causes of death in the United States. Vancomycin is a key last-line bactericidal drug for treating these infections. However, since 2002, vancomycin resistance has entered this species. Of the now 12 cases of vancomycin-resistantS. aureus(VRSA), each was believed to represent a new acquisition of the vancomycin-resistant transposon Tn1546from enterococcal donors. All acquisitions of Tn1546so far have occurred in MRSA strains of the clonal cluster 5 genetic background, the most common hospital lineage causing hospital-acquired MRSA infection. To understand the nature of these strains, we determined and examined the nucleotide sequences of the genomes of all available VRSA. Genome comparison identified candidate features that position strains of this lineage well for acquiring resistance to antibiotics in mixed infection.

scholarly journals Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a tertiary surgical and trauma hospital in Benghazi, Libya

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 723-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najat Buzaid ◽  
Abdel-Naser Elzouki ◽  
Ibrahim Taher ◽  
Khalifa Sifaw Ghenghesh
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Resistant Organism ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Introduction: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a multidrug resistant organism that threatens the continued effectiveness of antibiotics worldwide and causes a threat almost exclusively in hospitals and long-term care settings. This study investigated the prevalence of MRSA strains and their sensitivity patterns against various antibiotics used for treating hospitalized patients in a major tertiary surgical hospital in Benghazi, Libya. Methodology: We investigated 200 non-duplicate S. aureus strains isolated from different clinical specimens submitted to the Microbiology Laboratory at Aljala Surgical and Trauma Hospital, Benghazi, Libya from April to July 2007. Isolates were tested for methicillin resistance by the oxacillin disc-diffusion assay according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. MRSA strains were tested for antimicrobial resistance (i.e., vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol and fusidic acid) using commercial discs. Information on patient demographics and clinical disease was also collected. Results: Of the isolates examined 31% (62/200) were MRSA. No significant differences were observed in the prevalence of MRSA among S. aureus from females or males or from different age groups. Most MRSA were isolated from burns and surgical wound infections. Antibiotic resistance patterns of 62 patients with MRSA to vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, fusidic acid, chloramphenicol and erythromycin were 17.7%, 33.9%, 41.9%, 38.7% and 46.8% of cases, respectively. Conclusion: MRSA prevalence in our hospital was high and this may be the case for other hospitals in Libya. A sound surveillance program of nosocomial infections is urgently needed to reduce the incidence of infections due to MRSA and other antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in Libyan hospitals.

scholarly journals Clonal Distribution of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Poland

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 3532-3539 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Leski ◽  
D. Oliveira ◽  
K. Trzcinski ◽  
I. Santos Sanches ◽  
M. Aires de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Type I ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Clonal Distribution ◽  
Heterogeneous Expression

We report on a study of 158 methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates obtained from 1990 to 1996 in 18 different hospitals in Poland. All isolates were recovered from infection and carriage sites of patients, carriage sites of health care personnel, and hospital environment samples. Fifty-seven MRSA strains described here were studied previously and these were divided into two different clusters according to the degree of heterogeneity of methicillin resistance expression. The aim of this study was to extend the correlation between the two clusters and identify the clonal identities among all isolates by a combination of different methodologies: (i) analysis of mecA polymorphs and Tn554 insertion patterns and (ii) determination of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of chromosomalSmaI digests. Ninety-seven of 158 strains showed a heterogeneous expression of resistance to methicillin. Among these, 75 (77.3%) were ClaI-mecA type I,ClaI-Tn554 type NH (NH, no homology with transposon Tn554), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern A (I::NH::A); 10 isolates were III::B::M (10.3%); and the remaining clones included a few or single isolates. The isolates with homogeneous expression of resistance to methicillin (n = 61) were predominantly ClaI-mecA type III (49 of 61 [80.3%]) but had great variability in theirClaI-Tn554 and PFGE patterns. This study confirmed the existence of two main clusters of MRSA in Poland.

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