scholarly journals Genetic and phenotypic diversity of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Japanese inpatients in the early 1980s

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zuo ◽  
Yuki Uehara ◽  
Yujie Lu ◽  
Takashi Sasaki ◽  
Keiichi Hiramatsu
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Type I ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Imipenem Resistance ◽  
Healthcare Associated

AbstractTo trace the linkage between Japanese healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) strains in the early 1980s and the 2000s onward, we performed molecular characterizations using mainly whole-genome sequencing. Among the 194 S. aureus strains isolated, 20 mecA-positive MRSA (10.3%), 8 mecA-negative MRSA (4.1%) and 3 mecA-positive methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) (1.5%) strains were identified. The most frequent sequence type (ST) was ST30 (n = 11), followed by ST5 (n = 8), ST81 (n = 4), and ST247 (n = 3). Rates of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types I, II, and IV composed 65.2%, 13.0%, and 17.4% of isolates, respectively. Notably, 73.3% of SCCmec type I strains were susceptible to imipenem unlike SCCmec type II strains (0%). ST30-SCCmec I (n = 7) and ST5-SCCmec I (n = 5) predominated, whereas only two strains exhibited imipenem-resistance and were tst-positive ST5-SCCmec II, which is the current Japanese HA-MRSA genotype. All ST30 strains shared the common ancestor strain 55/2053, which caused the global pandemic of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive MSSA in Europe and the United States in the 1950s. Conspicuously more heterogeneous, the population of HA-MRSA clones observed in the 1980s, including the ST30-SCCmec I clone, has shifted to the current homogeneous population of imipenem-resistant ST5-SCCmec II clones, probably due to the introduction of new antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Among Japanese Inpatients in the Early 1980s

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zuo ◽  
Yuki Uehara ◽  
Yujie Lu ◽  
Takashi Sasaki ◽  
Keiichi Hiramatsu
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Type I ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Genotypic Characteristics

Abstract Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was recognized as a serious nosocomial pathogen in Japan starting in the early 1980s. Limited genotypic characteristics on healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) associated with “hospital MRSA panics” in Japan in this era. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the characteristics of Japanese HA-MRSA strains in the early 1980s and their linkage with current MRSA strains.Methods: For 194 S. aureus strains isolated in the early 1980s, we determined methicillin resistance phenotypically and genotypically and performed multilocus sequence typing (MLST), staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, and whole-genome sequencing. Results: Twenty mecA-positive MRSA (10.3%), 8 mecA-negative MRSA (4.1%) and 3 mecA-positive methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) (1.5%) strains were identified. The frequent sequence type (ST) was ST30 (n=11), followed by ST5 (n=8), ST81 (n=4), and ST247 (n=3). Rates of SCCmec types I, II, and IV were 65.2%, 13.0%, and 17.4%, respectively. ST30-SCCmec I (n=7) and ST5-SCCmec I (n=5) were predominant genotypes. Only two strains exhibited tst-positive ST5-SCCmec II, which is the current Japanese HA-MRSA genotype. Moreover, 73.3% of SCCmec type I strains were susceptible to imipenem compared with SCCmec type II strains (0%). All ST30 strains shared a common ancestor with strain 55/2053, which resulted in a global pandemic of Panto-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive and penicillin-resistant MSSA spread in Europe and the United States in the 1950s. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated the heterogeneous population structure of Japanese HA-MRSA during the early 1980s, which comprised diverse clones that are mostly rare in recent years. The shift to the current homogenous population structure of HA-MRSA strains consisting of tst-positive ST5-SCCmec II might result from the clinical introduction of new antimicrobials including imipenem.

scholarly journals Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Recovered from Healthcare- and Community-Associated Infections in Egypt

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdel-Maksoud ◽  
Mona El-Shokry ◽  
Ghada Ismail ◽  
Soad Hafez ◽  
Amani El-Kholy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Over Time

Background. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has created significant epidemiological, infection-control, and therapeutic management challenges during the past three decades. Aim. To analyze the pattern of resistance of healthcare- and community-associated MRSA in Egypt and the trend of resistance of HA-MRSA over time (2005–2013). Methods. MRSA isolates were recovered from healthcare-associated (HA) and community-associated (CA) Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections. They were tested against 11 antimicrobial discs and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin was determined. Inducible clindamycin resistance (iMLSB) was also screened using D-test. Findings. Of 631 S. aureus, MRSA was identified in 343 (76.6%) and 21 (11.5%) of HA and CA S. aureus isolates, respectively. The proportion of HA-MRSA increased significantly from 48.6% in 2005 to 86.8% in 2013 (p value < 0.001). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 85.8% of HA-MRSA and 48.6% of CA-MRSA. Vancomycin intermediate resistant S. aureus (VISA) was detected in 1.2% of HA-MRSA and none was detected in CA-MRSA. Among HA-MRSA strains, 5.3% showed iMLSB compared to 9.5% among CA-MRSA. Conclusion. The upsurge of the prevalence rates of HA-MRSA over time is alarming and urges for an effective infection control strategy and continuous monitoring of antimicrobial use.

scholarly journals Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal cariage among hospitalized patients and healthcare workers in the Clinical center of Serbia

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Cirkovic ◽  
Slobodanka Djukic ◽  
Biljana Carevic ◽  
Natasa Mazic ◽  
Vesna Mioljevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Healthcare Associated

The aim of the present study was to provide the first comprehensive analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage among patients and healthcare workers (HCWs) in the largest healthcare facility in Serbia. Specimens from anterior nares obtained from 195 hospitalized patients and 105 HCWs were inoculated after broth enrichment onto chromogenic MRSA-ID medium. In total, 21 of 300 specimens yielded MRSA. Among hospitalized patients, 7.7% were colonized with MRSA, and 5.7% HCWs were colonized with MRSA. Five out of 21 (23.8%) tested MRSA strains were classified as community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA), and four of them were isolated from HCWs. The remaining 16 MRSA strains had characteristics of healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA), and two of them were isolated from HCWs. The HA-MRSA strains isolated from HCWs were indistinguishable from HA-MRSA of the same cluster isolated from patients. This finding reveals the circulation of HA-MRSA strains between patients and HCWs in the Clinical Center of Serbia.

scholarly journals Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in veterinary professionals in 2017 in the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Neradova ◽  
Vladislav Jakubu ◽  
Katarina Pomorska ◽  
Helena Zemlickova
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Mrsa Colonization ◽  
Animal Strains

Abstract Background Cases of colonization or infection caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are frequently reported in people who work with animals, including veterinary personnel. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA colonization among veterinary professionals. A total of 134 nasal swabs from healthy attendees of a veterinary conference held in the Czech Republic were tested for presence of MRSA. The stains were further genotypically and phenotypically characterized. Results Nine isolated MRSA strains were characterized with sequence type (ST), spa type (t) and Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec type. Five different genotypes were described, including ST398-t011-IV (n = 5), ST398-t2330-IV (n = 1), ST398-t034-V (n = 1), ST225-t003-II (n = 1) and ST4894-t011-IV (n = 1). The carriage of the animal MRSA strain was confirmed in 8 cases, characteristics of one strain corresponded to the possible nosocomial origin. Among animal strains were described three spa types (t011, t034, t2330) belonging into one dominating clonal complex spa-CC11. Conclusion According to our results, the prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA in veterinary personnel is 6.72%. Although we described an increase compared to the results of previous study (year 2008), the prevalence in the Czech Republic is still remaining lower than reported from neighboring countries. Our results also indicate that healthcare - associated MRSA strains are still not spread among animals.

scholarly journals Control of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Associated With a Hospital Outbreak Involving Contamination From Anesthesia Equipment Using UV-C

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara A. Ochoa ◽  
Ariadnna Cruz-Córdova ◽  
Jetsi Mancilla-Rojano ◽  
Gerardo Escalona-Venegas ◽  
Veronica Esteban-Kenel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Hospital Outbreak ◽  
Anesthesia Equipment ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Uv C ◽  
Sequence Types

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is considered an opportunistic pathogen in humans and is mainly associated with healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs). This bacterium colonizes the skin and mucous membranes of healthy people and causes frequent hospital outbreaks. The aim of this study was to perform molecular typing of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) and agr loci as wells as to establish the pulsotypes and clonal complexes (CCs) for MRSA and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) outbreaks associated with the operating room (OR) at a pediatric hospital. Twenty-five clinical strains of S. aureus (19 MRSA and 6 MSSA strains) were recovered from the outbreak (patients, anesthesia equipment, and nasopharyngeal exudates from external service anesthesia technicians). These clinical S. aureus strains were mainly resistant to benzylpenicillin (100%) and erythromycin (84%) and were susceptible to vancomycin and nitrofurantoin. The SCCmec type II was amplified in 84% of the S. aureus strains, and the most frequent type of the agr locus was agrII, which was amplified in 72% of the strains; however, the agrI and agrIII genes were mainly detected in MSSA strains. A pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis grouped the 25 strains into 16 pulsotypes (P), the most frequent of which was P1, including 10 MRSA strains related to the anesthesia equipment, external service anesthesia technicians, and hospitalized patients. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) identified 15 sequence types (STs) distributed in nine CCs. The most prevalent ST was ST1011, belonging to CC5, which was associated with the SCCmec type II and agrII type. We postulate that the external service anesthesia technicians were MRSA carriers and that these strains were indirectly transmitted from the contaminated anesthesia equipment that was inappropriately disinfected. Finally, the MRSA outbreak was controlled when the anesthesia equipment disinfection was improved and hand hygiene was reinforced.

scholarly journals Comparative Genomics of Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains and Their Positions within the Clade Most Commonly Associated with Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus Hospital-Acquired Infection in the United States

mBio ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica N. Kos ◽  
Christopher A. Desjardins ◽  
Allison Griggs ◽  
Gustavo Cerqueira ◽  
Andries Van Tonder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mrsa Infection ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Foreign Dna ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Hospital Acquired

ABSTRACTMethicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strains are leading causes of hospital-acquired infections in the United States, and clonal cluster 5 (CC5) is the predominant lineage responsible for these infections. Since 2002, there have been 12 cases of vancomycin-resistantS. aureus(VRSA) infection in the United States—all CC5 strains. To understand this genetic background and what distinguishes it from other lineages, we generated and analyzed high-quality draft genome sequences for all available VRSA strains. Sequence comparisons show unambiguously that each strain independently acquired Tn1546and that all VRSA strains last shared a common ancestor over 50 years ago, well before the occurrence of vancomycin resistance in this species. In contrast to existing hypotheses on what predisposes this lineage to acquire Tn1546, the barrier posed by restriction systems appears to be intact in most VRSA strains. However, VRSA (and other CC5) strains were found to possess a constellation of traits that appears to be optimized for proliferation in precisely the types of polymicrobic infection where transfer could occur. They lack a bacteriocin operon that would be predicted to limit the occurrence of non-CC5 strains in mixed infection and harbor a cluster of unique superantigens and lipoproteins to confound host immunity. A frameshift indprA, which in other microbes influences uptake of foreign DNA, may also make this lineage conducive to foreign DNA acquisition.IMPORTANCEInvasive methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) infection now ranks among the leading causes of death in the United States. Vancomycin is a key last-line bactericidal drug for treating these infections. However, since 2002, vancomycin resistance has entered this species. Of the now 12 cases of vancomycin-resistantS. aureus(VRSA), each was believed to represent a new acquisition of the vancomycin-resistant transposon Tn1546from enterococcal donors. All acquisitions of Tn1546so far have occurred in MRSA strains of the clonal cluster 5 genetic background, the most common hospital lineage causing hospital-acquired MRSA infection. To understand the nature of these strains, we determined and examined the nucleotide sequences of the genomes of all available VRSA. Genome comparison identified candidate features that position strains of this lineage well for acquiring resistance to antibiotics in mixed infection.

scholarly journals Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in veterinary professionals in 2017 in the Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Neradova ◽  
Vladislav Jakubu ◽  
Katarina Pomorska ◽  
Helena Zemlickova
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

Abstract Background Cases of colonization or infection caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are frequently reported in people who work with animals, including veterinary personnel. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA colonization among veterinary professionals. A total of 134 nasal swabs from healthy attendees of a veterinary conference held in the Czech Republic were tested for presence of MRSA. The stains were further genotypically and phenotypically characterized. Results Nine isolated MRSA strains were characterized with sequence type (ST), spa type (t) and Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec type. Five different genotypes were described, including ST398-t011-IV (n=5), ST398-t2330-IV (n=1), ST398-t034-V (n=1), ST225-t003-II (n=1) and ST4894-t011-IV (n=1). The carriage of the animal MRSA strain was confirmed in 8 cases, characteristics of one strain corresponded to the possible nosocomial origin. Among animal strains were described three spa types (t011, t034, t2330) belonging into one dominating clonal complex CC11. Conclusion According to our results, the prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA in veterinary personnel is 6.72%. Although we described an increase compared to the results of previous study (year 2008), the prevalence in the Czech Republic is still remaining lower than reported from neighboring countries. Our results also indicate that healthcare - associated MRSA strains are still not spread among animals.

scholarly journals Genomic Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by High-Throughput Sequencing in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1219
Author(s):  
May Sherif Soliman ◽  
Noha Salah Soliman ◽  
Arwa Ramadan El-Manakhly ◽  
Shahira AbdelSalam ElBanna ◽  
Ramy Karam Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are associated with serious complications and poor clinical outcome. In Egypt, they contribute to more than 70% of S. aureus healthcare-associated infections. This study combined whole-genome sequencing, bioinformatics, and statistical analyses to identify the phylogeny, resistome, virulome and potential genotype–phenotype–clinical correlation among 18 clinical isolates of MRSA in a tertiary hospital in Cairo, Egypt. The ST1535-V MRSA clone was the most frequently isolated (16.6%), followed by ST5-VI, ST1-V and ST239-III (11.1% each). SCCmec V, VI, IV and III types were detected at frequencies of 50%, 16.6%, 11.1% and 11.1%, respectively. None of the tested virulence genes were detected in all isolates, but they ranged in distribution from 1/18 to 17/18. The Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-encoding genes were detected in only four isolates and were enriched in isolates causing non-severe cases. Phylogenetic analysis revealed relatedness between three ST1535-Vs, two ST5-VIs, two ST239-IIIs and two ST1-Vs; however, only the two genetically related ST1-V isolates were epidemiologically linked. While disease outcome and source of infection had no correlation with a particular genotypic pattern, the sequence type was the most correlated factor with phylogeny and genotypic patterns, and a few genes were associated with non-severe cases.

Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Positive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus with Reduced Vancomycin Susceptibility: An Emerging Trend?

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-181
Author(s):  
Tatsuo Yamamoto ◽  
Olga E. Khokhlova ◽  
Tsai-Wen Wan ◽  
Darya N. Akhusheva ◽  
Ivan V Reva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Spread Factor ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin ◽  
Valentine Leukocidin

AbstractMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogen. This class of MRSA, first reported in the early 1960s and now termed healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA), was followed by a newer class of MRSA, community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). The unique feature of the initial CAMRSA included Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), an abscess-associated toxin and also S. aureus spread factor. CA-MRSA usually causes skin and soft-tissue infections, but occasionally causes invasive infections, including (necrotizing) pneumonia, sometimes preceded by respiratory virus infections. The most successful CA-MRSA USA300 (ST8/SCCmecIVa) caused an epidemic in the United States. In Russia, we first detected PVL-positive CAMRSA (ST30/SCCmecIVc) in Vladivostok in 2006, but with no more PVL-positive MRSA isolation. However, we recently isolated four lineages of PVL-positive MRSA in Krasnoyarsk. Regarding chemotherapy against invasive MRSA infections, vancomycin still remains a gold standard, in addition to some other anti-MRSA agents such as teicoplanin, linezolid, and daptomycin. For resistance, vancomycin-resistant MRSA (VRSA) with MICs of ≥16 μg/mL appeared in patients, but cases are still limited. However, clinically, infections from strains with MICs of ≥1.5 μg/mL, even albeit with susceptible MICs (≤2 μg/mL), respond poorly to vancomycin. Some of those bacteria have been bacteriologically characterized as vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) and heterogeneous VISA (hVISA), generally with HA-MRSA genetic backgrounds. The features of the above PVL-positive Krasnoyarsk MRSA include reduced susceptibility to vancomycin, which meets the criteria of hVISA. In this review, we discuss a possible new trend of PVL-positive hVISA, which may spread and threaten human health in community settings.

scholarly journals Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in veterinary professionals in 2017 in the Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Neradova ◽  
Vladislav Jakubu ◽  
Katarina Pomorska ◽  
Helena Zemlickova
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

Abstract Background Cases of colonization or infection caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are frequently reported in people who work with animals, including veterinary personnel. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA colonization among veterinary professionals. A total of 134 nasal swabs from healthy attendees of a veterinary conference held in the Czech Republic were tested for presence of MRSA. The stains were further genotypically and phenotypically characterized. Results Nine isolated MRSA strains were characterized with sequence type (ST), spa type (t) and Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec type. Five different genotypes were described, including ST398-t011-IV (n=5), ST398-t2330-IV (n=1), ST398-t034-V (n=1), ST225-t003-II (n=1) and ST4894-t011-IV (n=1). The carriage of the animal MRSA strain was confirmed in 8 cases, characteristics of one strain corresponded to the possible nosocomial origin. Among animal strains were described three spa types (t011, t034, t2330) belonging into one dominating clonal complex CC11. Conclusion According to our results, the prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA in veterinary personnel is 6.72%. Although we described an increase compared to the results of previous study (year 2008), the prevalence in the Czech Republic is still remaining lower than reported from neighboring countries. Our results also indicate that healthcare - associated MRSA strains are still not spread among animals.

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