scholarly journals Methamphetamine Facilitates HIV Infection of Human Monocytes Through Inhibiting Cellular Viral Restriction Factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Fengzhen Meng ◽  
xu wang ◽  
Jinbiao Liu ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Persistent Infection ◽  
Human Monocytes ◽  
Restriction Factors ◽  
Primary Target ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Viral Restriction ◽  
P24 Protein ◽  
Major Target

Abstract Background Methamphetamine (METH), a potent addictive psychostimulant, is highly prevalent in HIV-infected individuals. Clinically, METH use is implicated in alteration of immune system and increase of HIV spread/replication. Therefore, it is of importance to examine whether METH has direct effect on HIV infection of monocytes, the major target and reservoir cells for the virus. Result METH-treated monocytes were more susceptible to HIV infection as evidenced by increased levels of viral p24 protein and expression of viral GAG gene. Mechanistically, METH treatment of monocytes inhibited the expression of the antiviral IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs: OAS2, GBP5, ISG56, Viperin and ISG15) and the HIV restriction microRNAs. In addition, METH treatment of monocytes significantly decreased STAT1 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Conclusions These findings suggest a previously unrecognized mechanism for HIV persistent infection in the primary target and reservoir cells.

scholarly journals Methamphetamine facilitates HIV infection of primary human monocytes through inhibiting cellular viral restriction factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Feng-Zhen Meng ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Jin-Biao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Human Monocytes ◽  
Restriction Factors ◽  
Luciferase Reporter Gene ◽  
Hiv Replication ◽  
Viral Restriction ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Major Target

Abstract Background Methamphetamine (METH), a potent addictive psychostimulant, is highly prevalent in HIV-infected individuals. Clinically, METH use is implicated in alteration of immune system and increase of HIV spread/replication. Therefore, it is of importance to examine whether METH has direct effect on HIV infection of monocytes, the major target and reservoir cells for the virus. Results METH-treated monocytes were more susceptible to HIV infection as evidenced by increased levels of viral proteins (p24 and Pr55Gag) and expression of viral GAG gene. In addition, using HIV Bal with luciferase reporter gene (HIV Bal-eLuc), we showed that METH-treated cells expressed higher luciferase activities than untreated monocytes. Mechanistically, METH inhibited the expression of IFN-λ1, IRF7, STAT1, and the antiviral IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs: OAS2, GBP5, ISG56, Viperin and ISG15). In addition, METH down-regulated the expression of the HIV restriction microRNAs (miR-28, miR-29a, miR-125b, miR-146a, miR-155, miR-223, and miR-382). Conclusions METH compromises the intracellular anti-HIV immunity and facilitates HIV replication in primary human monocytes.

PROTEIN 24 HIV DAN LIMFOSIT T-CD4+ DI INFEKSI HIV TAHAP I

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
I Made Sila Darmana ◽  
Endang Retnowati ◽  
Erwin Astha Triyono
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
P24 Protein ◽  
Persistent Generalized Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Spearman Test

Measuring HIV p24 protein is a test which is more practical than determination of CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts and viral load, as it does not require a very sophisticated instrument and requires a lower cost. Independent predictive value of p24 to the decline of CD4+ T-lymphocytes, clinical progression and survival in HIV-infected patients have been reported. In this study, HIV-infected patients were found to have HIV p24 protein levels inversely proportional to CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts by using Spearman test (R2=0.225; p=0.0331). Studies on the correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in stage I HIV infection have not yet been reported. The aim of this study was to prove the correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocytes in stage I HIV infection. Research issue was whether a correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in stage I HIVinfection existed ? The hypothesis was that a correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in stage I HIV infection existed. The study design was cross sectional observational. Subjects consisted of 30 stage I HIV-infected patients treated at the Infectious Disease Intermediate Care Unit, Dr. Soetomo Hospital and VCT Clinic of the Dr. Ramelan Naval Hospital, Surabaya from May to July 2014. Stage I HIV infection is an asymptomatic HIV infection or with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy and the patient is able to perform normal activities. Levels of p24 were measured by ELISA method and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts using flowcytometry(BD FACSCaliburTM). The results were statistically analyzed using Pearson’s correlation test. HIV p24 protein levels in stage I of HIV infection ranged from 1.8 to 10.8 pg/mL, mean of 5.14 pg/mL and a standard deviation of 2.08 pg/mL. CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts decreased with a range of 49-559 cells /uL for absolute values and 4.42–26.02% for percentage values Correlations between blood p24 levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts either absolute (r=–0.392, p=0.032) or percentage (r=–0.363, p=0.049) were found. In stage I HIV-infected patients, a negative correlation was found between p24 levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts, in both CD4+T-lymphocyte counts as absolute and as well as percentage values. This negative correlation showed that the p24 HIV levels were inversely proportional to the CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts. HIV p24 protein levels have a possibility to be used predicting CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts

The mucosal immune system: primary target for HIV infection and AIDS

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 626-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S Veazey ◽  
Preston A Marx ◽  
Andrew A Lackner
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Mucosal Immune System ◽  
Primary Target

scholarly journals PROTEIN 24 HIV DAN LIMFOSIT T-CD4+ DI INFEKSI HIV TAHAP I (HIV p24 Protein and CD4+ T-lymphocyte in Stage I HIV infection)

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
I Made Sila Darmana ◽  
Endang Retnowati ◽  
Erwin Astha Triyono
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
P24 Protein ◽  
Persistent Generalized Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Spearman Test

Measuring HIV p24 protein is a test which is more practical than determination of CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts and viral load, asit does not require a very sophisticated instrument and requires a lower cost. Independent predictive value of p24 to the decline ofCD4+ T-lymphocytes, clinical progression and survival in HIV-infected patients have been reported. In this study, HIV-infected patientswere found to have HIV p24 protein levels inversely proportional to CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts by using Spearman test (R2=0.225;p=0.0331). Studies on the correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in stage I HIV infection have notyet been reported. The aim of this study was to prove the correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocytes in stageI HIV infection. Research issue was whether a correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in stage I HIVinfection existed ? The hypothesis was that a correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in stage I HIVinfection existed. The study design was cross sectional observational. Subjects consisted of 30 stage I HIV-infected patients treated at theInfectious Disease Intermediate Care Unit, Dr. Soetomo Hospital and VCT Clinic of the Dr. Ramelan Naval Hospital, Surabaya from Mayto July 2014. Stage I HIV infection is an asymptomatic HIV infection or with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy and the patientis able to perform normal activities. Levels of p24 were measured by ELISA method and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts using flowcytometry(BD FACSCaliburTM). The results were statistically analyzed using Pearson’s correlation test. HIV p24 protein levels in stage I of HIVinfection ranged from 1.8 to 10.8 pg/mL, mean of 5.14 pg/mL and a standard deviation of 2.08 pg/mL. CD4+ T-lymphocyte countsdecreased with a range of 49-559 cells /uL for absolute values and 4.42–26.02% for percentage values Correlations between blood p24levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts either absolute (r=–0.392, p=0.032) or percentage (r=–0.363, p=0.049) were found. In stageI HIV-infected patients, a negative correlation was found between p24 levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts, in both CD4+T-lymphocytecounts as absolute and as well as percentage values. This negative correlation showed that the p24 HIV levels were inversely proportionalto the CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts. HIV p24 protein levels have a possibility to be used predicting CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts.

scholarly journals Methadone Inhibits Viral Restriction Factors and Facilitates HIV Infection in Macrophages

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Rong Wang ◽  
Di-Di Wu ◽  
Fan Luo ◽  
Chao-Jie Zhong ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Restriction Factors ◽  
Viral Restriction

Alternative Splicing Is Responsible for the Presence of Two Tissue Factor mRNA Species in LPS Stimulated Human Monocytes

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (02) ◽  
pp. 272-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Paul ◽  
E van der Logt ◽  
Pieter H Reitsma ◽  
Rogier M Bertina
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Human Monocytes ◽  
Mrna Species ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Intron 1 ◽  
Tf Gene

SummaryAlthough normally absent from the surface of all circulating cell types, tissue factor (TF) can be induced to appear on circulating monocytes by stimulants like bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phorbolesters. Northern analysis of RNA isolated from LPS stimulated human monocytes demonstrates the presence of 2.2 kb and 3.1 kb TF mRNA species. The 2.2 kb message codes for the TF protein. As demonstrated by Northern blot analysis with a variety of TF gene probes, the 3.1 kb message arises from an alternative splicing process which fails to remove 955 bp from intron 1. Because of a stop codon in intron 1 no TF protein is produced from the 3.1 kb transcript. This larger transcript should therefore not be taken into account when comparing TF gene transcription and TF protein levels.

Marketing the voice of authenticity: a comparison of Ming Cher and Rex Shelley

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthea Fraser Gupta
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Primary Target ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Major Target

In 1995 two novels by Singaporean writers were published. Ming Cher’s Spider Boys, a first novel, was published by Penguin in New Zealand, while Rex Shelley’s Island in the Centre was published in Singapore by the regional publisher, Times Books. The marketing of both implied that they were authentic voices of Singapore. The varieties of English used and represented in the two novels are compared to the varieties of English attested in sociolinguistic studies of Singapore. Shelley’s novel represents Singapore English in a way that allows a readership familiar with Singapore to relate the characters to their sociolinguistic setting, and it has a Singaporean readership as its major target. Cher’s novel has a non-Singaporean readership as its primary target and is written throughout in a variety of English that results from Cher’s experiences as a learner of English, mediated by editors. The novels are used to illustrate concepts of authenticity in representation of language and in marketing strategies.

scholarly journals Restriction Factors: From Intrinsic Viral Restriction to Shaping Cellular Immunity Against HIV-1

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Colomer-Lluch ◽  
Alba Ruiz ◽  
Arnaud Moris ◽  
Julia G. Prado
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Restriction Factors ◽  
Viral Restriction ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Downregulation of c-fms gene expression in human monocytes treated with phorbol esters and colony-stimulating factor 1

Blood ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Sariban ◽  
K Imamura ◽  
M Sherman ◽  
V Rothwell ◽  
P Pantazis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Phorbol Esters ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Human Monocytes ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Abstract The colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) regulates survival, growth, and differentiation of monocytes by binding to a single class of high- affinity receptors. The CSF-1 receptor is identical to the product of the c-fms protooncogene. The present studies monitored the effects of TPA and CSF-1 on c-fms gene expression in human monocytes. The results demonstrate that TPA downmodulates the constitutive expression of c-fms mRNA to low but detectable levels. Treatment of human monocytes with TPA was similarly associated with decreases in levels of the 138- and 125-Kd c-fms-encoded proteins. However, the kinetics of c-fms protein downmodulation indicated independent effects of TPA on c-fms expression at the RNA and protein levels. Furthermore, c-fms protein levels subsequently recovered despite persistently low levels of c-fms mRNA. Although previous studies demonstrated that c-fms protein is down- regulated in the presence of CSF-1, the present results indicate that CSF-1 also downregulates levels of c-fms mRNA. Moreover, the results indicate that CSF-1 increases protein kinase C activity in the membrane fraction. Together, these findings suggest that c-fms gene expression is differentially regulated at both the RNA and protein levels after activation of protein kinase C in human monocytes treated with TPA and CSF-1.

scholarly journals ON THE QUESTION OF THE PATHOGENESIS OF HIV-INFECTION: THE ROLE OF IMMUNE ACTIVATION IN PROGRESSION OF DISEASE

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
G. R. Khasanova ◽  
I. G. Mustafin ◽  
V. A. Anokhin
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Rate Of Progression ◽  
Progression Of Disease ◽  
Modern Knowledge

Hyperactivaion of immme system is considered by most investigators as importantfactor, contributing to progression of HIV-infection and development ofAIDS. In the review modern knowledge about mechanisms and results of activation of immune system during HIV-infection are presented. HIV itself, opportunistic pathogens and components of gut microbiota, first of all, endotoxins ofgram-negative bacteria are considered as probable "activators" of immune system. High levels of endotoxin and markers of immune activation are associated with an even greater rate of progression of HIV-infection.

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