scholarly journals Sex Dimorphism of Birth Weight and Length: Evidence Based on Disorders of Sex Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Stabile Romero Amais ◽  
Tainara Emilia Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Beatriz Amstalden Barros ◽  
Juliana Gabriel Ribeiro de Andrade ◽  
Sofia Helena Valente de Lemos-Marini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Disorders Of Sex Development ◽  
Normal Karyotype ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Sex Dimorphism ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sex Development ◽  
Xy Gonadal Dysgenesis ◽  
Differences Of Sex Development

Abstract The aim of this study was to verify the influence of Y chromosome and intrauterine androgens production/action on birth weight and length of children with Disorders/Differences of Sex Development (DSD). This was a cross-sectional and retrospective study. Cases of Turner syndrome (TS), complete (XX and XY), mixed (45,X/46,XY) and partial (XY) gonadal dysgenesis (GD), complete (CAIS) and partial (PAIS) androgen insensitivity syndromes and XX and XY congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) were included. Such conditions were grouped according to karyotype and to intrauterine production/action of androgens. The sample consisted of 293 cases, 50 with TS, 28 mixed GD, 117 CAH (49 XY and 68 XX), 18 CAIS, 10 PAIS, 30 partial GD, 10 XY and 30 XX complete GD. Birth weight and length were lower in TS and mixed GD when compared to XY and XX. In turn, patients with increased androgen production/action (117 cases) had higher birth weight and length when compared to those with absent (108 cases) and decreased (68 cases) production/action. It was observed a negative influence of the 45,X/46,XY karyotype in birth weight and a positive influence of increased androgen production/action. Regarding birth length, there was a negative influence of the TS karyotype and of decreased androgen production/action. In conclusion, in DSD, both karyotype, especially with a 45,X cell line, and intrauterine androgenic production/action influence sex dimorphism of birth weight and length. It can be inferred that in children with normal karyotype and without a DSD, this dimorphism is mainly due to intrauterine androgenic production or action.

scholarly journals Pediatric Urologists of Canada (PUC) 2021 position statement: Differences of sex development (AKA disorders of sex development)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo L.P. Romao ◽  
Luis H. Braga ◽  
Melise Keays ◽  
Peter Metcalfe ◽  
Karen Psooy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disorders Of Sex Development ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
Sex Development ◽  
Differences Of Sex Development

scholarly journals Ownership Structure and Profitability: The Moderating Effect of Audit Committee Financial Expertise

2018 ◽  
pp. 396-401
Keyword(s):  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Financial Expertise ◽  
Financial Expert ◽  
Retained Earnings

Lower profitability leads to the undercapitalization problem which leads to low of retained earnings, and consequently to over-dependence on debt financing, rather than with internally generated equity. This paper examined the moderating effect of audit committee financial expertise on the relationship between ownership structure and profitability of listed financial institutions in Nigeria. The study utilizes a sample of 29 listed firms from 2006 to 2015. Driscoll and Kraay’s standard errors estimation was employed overcome the heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation and cross-sectional dependence problems. The results established that audit committee financial expertise has a significant positive influence on profitability. Likewise, CEO and foreign ownership have a positive influence on profitability. However, these positive relationships turned out to be negative due to the presence of audit committee financial expertise as a moderator. Although executive ownership has a negative influence on profitability, this is upturned to the positive relationship with the presence of an audit committee financial expert. It is recommended that the regulators should strengthen the power of the audit committee to safeguard or protect the interest of other shareholders.

scholarly journals Assessment and comparison of nutritional status in children aged 0-5 years based on WHO and IAP growth charts

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1955
Author(s):  
Perumalpillai Santhakumaran ◽  
Srinivasan Govindaraj ◽  
Sivaraman Thirumalaikumarasamy
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Growth Chart ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Who Standards ◽  
Breast Fed

Background: The problems of malnutrition among under five children can be used to conclude the necessity for nutritional care, surveillance, or appropriate intervention of nutritional programmes in a community. The objective of the present study was to assess the nutritional status in under 5 children and to compare the nutritional status with WHO and IAP Growth curves and to evaluate the relationship of same with variables like literacy, income of parents, order of birth, sex of the child, birth weight and breast feeding.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study was carried out in 1052 children aged under 0-5 years hailing from middle and low socio-economic class of an urban population attended to out-patient department and ward in Government Royapettah Hospital and Anaganwadi centres in and around Royapettah during the period of November 2006 to October 2007. Anthropometric measurements such as weight, height/length, middle arm circumference (MAC) were taken for all the children and all the measurements were plotted in the IAP growth chart, WHO growth chart (Z score - 2006), BMI - WHO standards and compared.Results: Out of 1052 children, majority of the subjects were male children 535 (50.9%). As per IAP guidelines, majority of the children 513 (48.8%) were under normal weight, 5 (0.5%) of them were with very severe malnutrition. According to WHO standards most of the children 623 (59.2%) were under weight and 135 (12.8%) were under severe malnutrition. Positive correlation was observed between the nutritional status of the children with educational and employment status of parents, increasing birth weight and family income. Increasing birth order has a negative influence on nutritional status of the child. Optimally breast fed babies (Exclusively breast fed for 6 months with appropriate complementary feeds thereafter) have better nutritional status.Conclusion: The study concludes that utmost care and attention must be focused on child’s nutrition by giving priority to education for poor community especially for women, creating awareness regarding benefits of early initiation of breastfeeding and limiting family size.

scholarly journals Maternal Factors Associated With Low Birth Weight Babies

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-290
Author(s):  
Shazia Aftab ◽  
Paras Golo ◽  
Alma Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
P Value ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Low Birth Weight Babies

Objective: To determine the obstetric, antenatal, natal and socio-economic factors affecting low birth weight (LBW) babies. Study design and setting: The cross-sectional study was conducted from February2019 till May2019 at Jinnah Medical College hospital Karachi. Methodology: The targeted population was 100 mothers who recently delivered their babies and were present in the hospital during postpartum period. Variables included obstetric history, maternal risk factors, socioeconomic status and education of parents. Weight of the neonates was noted by the doctors within 24 hours of birth. Data was analysed on SPSS version 21. Results: Variables having significant and positive influence on LBW were; age, activity and occupation of mother, age at first pregnancy, no. of pregnancies, maternal anemia. The 48% of low birth weight babies were present in mothers belonging to younger age group (18-20 years). The incidence of low birth weight increases with increased number of pregnancies, women with greater than 3 pregnancies had 18% of 1.6-2kg of weight of babies, 12% of 2.1-2.5kg of weight, 10% of 1.1- 1.5kg of weight. Mother’s with poor diet had 36% of 2.1-2.5kg of weight. Women with high activity during pregnancy having 53% of 1.6-2kg of weight babies. Regarding occupation 40% of housewife’s risks of 1.6-2kg weight of baby with p-value of <0.05 as activity during pregnancy was high. Conclusion: Factors like younger age women, multi-parity, increased physical activity maternal diet, anemia due to nutritional deficiencywere contributed to low birth weight babies

scholarly journals One year of COVID-19 pandemic: a cross sectional study on teaching oral and maxillofacial surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bock ◽  
Florian Peters ◽  
Philipp Winnand ◽  
Kristian Kniha ◽  
Marius Heitzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Teaching ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Digital Learning ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Learning

Abstract Background The pandemic has challenged educational institutions to catalyze digitalization and rapidly develop online teaching formats. The aim of the study was to evaluate the teaching offered for oral and maxillofacial surgery at our university during the pandemic and to investigate the students’ perceptions of the current situation. Methods A 38-item questionnaire with five sections (demographic information, lectures, internships, e-learning, and pandemic-related solutions/effects) was created online. Most questions were answered on a 10-point Likert scale, with 1 indicating “fully agree/positive” and 10 indicating “totally disagree/negative.” The remaining questions were either answered with yes/no, percent value, or open-ended text responses. All 3rd-5th year dental students were invited to voluntarily participate and were sent a link by email in a general mail shot. Results A total of 63.7% of the participants had no prior experience with online courses before the pandemic. The students stated that the change from face-to-face to online teaching worked very well in the last two semesters (mean = 2.73, standard deviation = 2.05). Overall, the pandemic had a rather positive influence on the acquisition of theoretical skills and a negative influence on the acquisition of practical skills (p < 0.0001). The evaluation showed that, compared to other dental clinics at our university, the department for oral and maxillofacial surgery was well prepared for the pandemic. Conclusion Digitalization of oral and maxillofacial surgery teaching in dental education is possible but depends on the institution’s preparatory work and technological possibilities. The students declared a high acceptance of digital learning formats and indicated an increased motivation to learn due to e-learning. The pandemic’s influence on the students’ education was rated ambivalent.

scholarly journals Green talent management and turnover intention: the roles of leader STARA competence and digital task interdependence

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Ogbeibu ◽  
Charbel Jose Chiappetta Jabbour ◽  
John Burgess ◽  
James Gaskin ◽  
Douglas W.S. Renwick
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Talent Management ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Task Interdependence ◽  
Staff Turnover ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Data Collection Technique

PurposeCongruent with the world-wide call to combat global warming concerns within the context of advancements in smart technology, artificial intelligence, robotics, algorithms (STARA), and digitalisation, organisational leaders are being pressured to ensure that talented employees are effectively managed (nurtured and retained) to curb the potential risk of staff turnover. By managing such talent(s), organisations may be able to not only retain them, but consequently foster environmental sustainability too. Equally, recent debates encourage the need for teams to work digitally and interdependently on set tasks, and for leaders to cultivate competencies fundamental to STARA, as this may further help reduce staff turnover intention and catalyse green initiatives. However, it is unclear how such turnover intention may be impacted by these actions. This paper therefore, seeks to investigate the predictive roles of green hard and soft talent management (TM), leader STARA competence (LSC) and digital task interdependence (DTI) on turnover intention.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a cross-sectional data collection technique to obtain 372 useable samples from 49 manufacturing organisations in Nigeria.FindingsFindings indicate that green hard and soft TM and LSC positively predict turnover intention. While LSC amplifies the negative influence of green soft TM on turnover intention, LSC and DTI dampen the positive influence of green hard TM on turnover intention.Originality/valueOur study offers novel insights into how emerging concepts like LSC, DTI, and green hard and soft TM simultaneously act to predict turnover intention.

scholarly journals Early Genital Surgery in Disorders/Differences of Sex Development: Patients’ Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 913-923
Author(s):  
Elena Bennecke ◽  
◽  
Stephanie Bernstein ◽  
Peter Lee ◽  
Tim C. van de Grift ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Genital Surgery ◽  
Sex Development ◽  
Differences Of Sex Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hypospadias Surgery

AbstractControversy continues over a proposed moratorium on elective genital surgery in childhood for disorders/differences of sex development (DSD). Empirical evidence on patient preference is needed to inform decision-making. We conducted a multicentre survey by cross-sectional questionnaire in 14 specialized clinics in six European countries. The sample comprised 459 individuals (≥ 16 years) with a DSD diagnosis, including individuals with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) (n = 192), XY DSD with prenatal androgen effect (A) (n = 150), and without (nA) (n = 117). Main outcome measures were level of agreement with given statements regarding genital surgery, including clitoris reduction, vaginoplasty, and hypospadias repair. A total of 66% of individuals with CAH and 60% of those with XY DSD-A thought that infancy or childhood were the appropriate age for genital surgery. Females with XY DSD were divided on this issue and tended to prefer vaginoplasty at a later age (XY DSD-A 39%, XY DSD-nA 32%). A total of 47% of males preferred early hypospadias surgery. Only 12% (CAH), 11% (XY DSD-A), and 21% (XY DSD-nA) thought they would have been better off without any surgery in childhood or adolescence. Individuals who had early genital surgery were more likely to approve of it. Outcome data failed to support a general moratorium on early elective genital surgery. Participant perspectives varied considerably by diagnostic category, gender, history of surgery, and contact with support groups. Case-by-case decision-making is better suited to grasping the ethical complexity of the issues at stake.Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00006072.

scholarly journals Copy Number Variation in Patients with Disorders of Sex Development Due to 46,XY Gonadal Dysgenesis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e17793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan White ◽  
Thomas Ohnesorg ◽  
Amanda Notini ◽  
Kelly Roeszler ◽  
Jacqueline Hewitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number Variation ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Gonadal Dysgenesis ◽  
Disorders Of Sex Development ◽  
Sex Development ◽  
Xy Gonadal Dysgenesis ◽  
Number Variation

scholarly journals The Desert Hedgehog Signalling Pathway in Human Gonadal Development and Differences of Sex Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Svenja Pachernegg ◽  
Elizabeth Georges ◽  
Katie Ayers
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Gonadal Dysgenesis ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Hedgehog Signalling ◽  
Sex Development ◽  
Xy Gonadal Dysgenesis ◽  
Desert Hedgehog ◽  
Differences Of Sex Development ◽  
Hedgehog Signalling Pathway

While the Hedgehog signalling pathway is implicated in numerous developmental processes and maladies, variants in the <i>Desert Hedgehog</i> (<i>DHH</i>) ligand underlie a condition characterised by 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis with or without peripheral neuropathy. We discuss here the role and regulation of <i>DHH</i> and its signalling pathway in the developing gonads and examine the current understanding of how disruption to this pathway causes this difference of sex development (DSD) in humans.

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