scholarly journals Solid-State Growth of Cspbi3 Perovskites: Phases Formation and Stability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Satta ◽  
Alberto Casu ◽  
Daniele Chiriu ◽  
Carlo Carbonaro ◽  
Luigi Stagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Growth Method ◽  
Equilibrium Process ◽  
State Growth

Abstract Totally inorganic perovskites are playing an increasingly important role for their potential applications in optoelectronics devices. However, a big problem to be solved is the role of the different phases, the presence of which is closely linked to the growth method and to the role of impurities. In this article, we propose a solvent-free, solid-state growth method, which allows to obtain samples free of any organic residues. The analysis of structural (XRD and Raman measurements), optical (absorption, steady-time and time-resolved luminescence) and morphological (HRTEM imaging), permitted to understand the phase evolution during the synthesis as a function of the temporal duration. The dynamic equilibrium process at high temperature between the CsPbI3 and the starting precursors, CsI and PbI2, plays a fundamental role in the final phase. If, from one side, the α and δ phases are related to the exact stoichiometry, on the other hand an excess of CsI permits the formation of room temperature stable perovskite γ-phase and, with a further excess, the secondary Cs4PbI6 phase is obtained.

Solid-state growth of nickel silicide nanowire by the metal-induced growth method

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 2936-2940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joondong Kim ◽  
Jong-Uk Bae ◽  
Wayne A. Anderson ◽  
Hyun-Mi Kim ◽  
Ki-Bum Kim
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Nickel Silicide ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Silicide Layer ◽  
Deposited Metal ◽  
Growth Method ◽  
Metal Induced Growth ◽  
State Growth

Unique nanowire growth was accomplished at 575 °C by the metal-induced growth (MIG) method. This involved a spontaneous reaction between metal and Si. The deposited metal worked as a catalyst layer to grow nanowires in the solid state. Various metals (Ni, Co, and Pd) were used in MIG nanowire fabrication, and the Ni-induced case was successful in demonstrating that metal species should be the dominant factor for growing nanowires. The Ni to Si composition was studied by energy dispersive spectroscopy showing the Ni diffusion inside the nanowire as well as the Ni silicide layer. The practical application of the MIG nanowire was proved by fabricating nanoscale contacts.

scholarly journals Formation Mechanisms and Phase Stability of Solid-State Grown CsPbI3 Perovskites

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1823
Author(s):  
Jessica Satta ◽  
Alberto Casu ◽  
Daniele Chiriu ◽  
Carlo Maria Carbonaro ◽  
Luigi Stagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Synthesis Time ◽  
Time Length ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Δ Phase

CsPbI3 inorganic perovskite is synthesized by a solvent-free, solid-state reaction, and its structural and optical properties can be deeply investigated using a multi-technique approach. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Raman measurements, optical absorption, steady-time and time-resolved luminescence, as well as High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) imaging, were exploited to understand phase evolution as a function of synthesis time length. Nanoparticles with multiple, well-defined crystalline domains of different crystalline phases were observed, usually surrounded by a thin, amorphous/out-of-axis shell. By increasing the synthesis time length, in addition to the pure α phase, which was rapidly converted into the δ phase at room temperature, a secondary phase, Cs4PbI6, was observed, together with the 715 nm-emitting γ phase.

Ultrahigh piezoelectric coefficient of a lead-free K0.5Na0.5NbO3-based single crystal fabricated by a simple seed-free solid-state growth method

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (47) ◽  
pp. 14845-14854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minhong Jiang ◽  
Jingwei Zhang ◽  
Guanghui Rao ◽  
Dedong Li ◽  
Clive A. Randall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Piezoelectric Coefficient ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Growth Method ◽  
State Growth

KNN-based crystals with ultrahigh piezoelectric coefficients (d33 = 1050 pC N−1, and d33* = 2290 pm V−1) were fabricated.

Microtubule nucleation sequence studied by time-resolved x-ray scattering and electron microscopy

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 766-767
Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Mandelkow ◽  
Eckhard Mandelkow ◽  
Joan Bordas
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Microtubule Growth ◽  
Ray Patterns ◽  
Ray Scattering

When a solution of microtubule protein is changed from non-polymerising to polymerising conditions (e.g. by temperature jump or mixing with GTP) there is a series of structural transitions preceding microtubule growth. These have been detected by time-resolved X-ray scattering using synchrotron radiation, and they may be classified into pre-nucleation and nucleation events. X-ray patterns are good indicators for the average behavior of the particles in solution, but they are difficult to interpret unless additional information on their structure is available. We therefore studied the assembly process by electron microscopy under conditions approaching those of the X-ray experiment. There are two difficulties in the EM approach: One is that the particles important for assembly are usually small and not very regular and therefore tend to be overlooked. Secondly EM specimens require low concentrations which favor disassembly of the particles one wants to observe since there is a dynamic equilibrium between polymers and subunits.

Progress and perspectives on halide lithium conductors for all-solid-state lithium batteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1429-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaona Li ◽  
Jianwen Liang ◽  
Xiaofei Yang ◽  
Keegan R. Adair ◽  
Changhong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Electrochemical Stability ◽  
Superionic Conductors ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Synthesis Routes

This review focuses on fundamental understanding, various synthesis routes, chemical/electrochemical stability of halide-based lithium superionic conductors, and their potential applications in energy storage as well as related challenges.

Two Consecutive Magneto-Structural Gas-Solid Transformations with Single-Crystal Retention in Non-Porous Molecular Materials

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Miguel-Donet ◽  
Javier López-Cabrelles ◽  
Nestor Calvo Galve ◽  
Eugenio Coronado ◽  
Guillermo Minguez Espallargas
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Structural Rearrangement ◽  
Magnetic Behaviour ◽  
Porous Solids ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Hcl Gas ◽  
Porous Coordination Polymer ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
Magnetostructural Transformation

<p>Modification of the magnetic properties in a solid-state material upon external stimulus has attracted much attention in the recent years for their potential applications as switches and sensors. Within the field of coordination polymers, gas sorption studies typically focus on porous solids, with the gas molecules accommodating in the channels. Here we present a 1D non-porous coordination polymer capable of incorporating HCl gas molecules, which not only causes a reordering of its atoms in the solid state but also provokes dramatic changes in the magnetic behaviour. Subsequently, a further solid-gas transformation can occur with the extrusion of HCl gas molecules causing a second structural rearrangement which is also accompanied by modification in the magnetic path between the metal centres. Unequivocal evidence of the two-step magnetostructural transformation is provided by X-ray single-crystal diffraction.</p>

Visualization and Manipulation of Molecular Motion in Solid State through Photo-Induced Clusteroluminescence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoke Zhang ◽  
Lili Du ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Junkai Liu ◽  
Qing Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Excited State ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Molecular Motion ◽  
Molecular Machine ◽  
Conjugated Molecules ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Packing Structure ◽  
New Strategy

<p>Building molecular machine has long been a dream of scientists as it is expected to revolutionize many aspects of technology and medicine. Implementing the solid-state molecular motion is the prerequisite for a practical molecular machine. However, few works on solid-state molecular motion have been reported and it is almost impossible to “see” the motion even if it happens. Here the light-driven molecular motion in solid state is discovered in two non-conjugated molecules <i>s</i>-DPE and <i>s</i>-DPE-TM, resulting in the formation of excited-state though-space complex (ESTSC). Meanwhile, the newly formed ESTSC generates an abnormal visible emission which is termed as clusteroluminescence. Notably, the original packing structure can recover from ESTSC when the light source is removed. These processes have been confirmed by time-resolved spectroscopy and quantum mechanics calculation. This work provides a new strategy to manipulate and “see” solid-state molecular motion and gains new insights into the mechanistic picture of clusteroluminescence.<br></p>

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