Intimate Partner Violence as a Predictor of Antenatal Care Services Utilization in Rwanda

Abstract Background: Although compelling evidence shows that the experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is detrimental to both physical and mental health of the victims and their offspring, studies on negative impact of IPV on antenatal care (ANC) services utilization are scarce. Methods: The aim of the current study was to determine the impact of IPV exposure on ANC services utilization indicators such as (i) initiation of care within the first three months of pregnancy, (ii) receipt of at least four ANC visits and (iii) receipt of care from skilled providers among reproductive age women in Rwanda. This study used the data from the 2014-15 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the effects of physical and sexual IPV on the antenatal care (ANC) services utilization indicators. Results: Among married women living with their partners with at least one child aged 5years or under (N=5116), 17% of them reported physical violence, 22.8% reported psychological violence and 9.2% reported sexual violence. We found that there was a significant negative relationship between physical IPV and both early ANC and sufficient ANC. Women who had experienced physical violence by their partners during the preceding 12 months were less likely to receive more than four ANC visits, (O.R) = 0.6151 confidence interval (CI) [0.417-0.908] and they were less likely to attend the first ANC visits within the first three months (O.R) =0.656 confidence interval (CI) = [0.445-0.967].Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of IPV is still high and there is evidence that it does have significant impact on ANC. Therefore, the results provide support for continued efforts to reduce intimate partner violence, through the improvement of screening for IVP during ANC visits.

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Intimate partner violence as a predictor of antenatal care services utilization in Rwanda

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-04230-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Claire Bahati ◽

Josias Izabayo ◽

Japhet Niyonsenga ◽

Vincent Sezibera ◽

Léon Mutesa

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Services Utilization ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Although compelling evidence shows that exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is detrimental to both physical and mental health of the victims and their fetuses, studies on negative impact of IPV on antenatal care (ANC) services utilization are scarce. Methods The aim of the current study was to determine the impact of IPV exposure on ANC services utilization indicators such as (i) initiation of care within the first 3 months of pregnancy, (ii) receipt of at least four ANC visits and (iii) receipt of care from skilled providers among reproductive age women in Rwanda. This study used the data from the 2014–15 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the effects of physical and sexual IPV on the ANC services utilization indicators. Results Among married women living with their partners with at least one child aged 5 years or under (N = 5116), 17% of them reported physical violence, 22.8% reported psychological violence and 9.2% reported sexual violence. We found that there was a significant negative relationship between physical IPV and both early ANC and sufficient ANC. Women who had experienced physical violence by their partners during the preceding 12 months were less likely to receive more than four ANC visits, (O.R = 0.61, CI = 0.417–0.908) and they were less likely to attend the first ANC visits within the first 3 months (O.R = 0.656, CI = 0.445–0.967). Conclusion In this study, the prevalence of IPV still remains high and there is evidence that it does have significant impact on ANC. Therefore, the results provide support for continued efforts to reduce intimate partner violence, through the improvement of screening for IPV during ANC visits.

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Impact of Intimate Partner violence on ever married women and utilization of antenatal care services in Tanzania

Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal ◽

10.3126/jcmsn.v14i1.17802 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 7-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Russell Kabir ◽

Anwarul Azim Majumder ◽

SM Yasir Arafat ◽

Rocky Khan Chodwhury ◽

Shireen Sultana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Adult Women ◽

Age Group ◽

Care Services ◽

Main Challenge ◽

The Impact

Background and Objectives:Sub Saharan Africa region is considered as one of the deprived regions of this world and women from this part of the world are suffering from intimate partner violence. This study was undertaken to assess the impact of intimate partner violence on utilization of antenatal care services among the ever married women.Materials and Methods:This is a descriptive cross-sectional study design. The data used in this research was extracted from the Tanzania Demographic Health Survey 2015-16. A total of 13, 266 women were interviewed.Results:The mean age of the respondents is 28.69 years. About 74% women visited antenatal care services more than 4 times. Logistic regression results indicate that the middle-aged adult women (35-49 years age group) were identified having lower odds (Odds ratio: 0.807, 95% CI: 0.693-0.940, P<0.001) than women in younger age group. Women who did not complete their secondary education were less likelihood to experience IPV (Odds ratio: 0.705, 95% CI: 0.540-0.922, P<0.010).Conclusion:Intimate partner violence is one main challenge to women’s health and wellbeing during pregnancy period. Proper implementation and community based interventions to support pregnant women to seek antenatal care services and to raise awareness regarding intimate partner violence are advocated.

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Pathways From Intimate Partner Violence to Academic Disengagement Among Women University Students

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/vv-d-18-00173 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 227-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rachel Voth Schrag ◽

Leila Wood ◽

Noël Busch-Armendariz

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Sense Of Community ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Online Survey ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Indirect Path ◽

Academic Disengagement ◽

The Impact

More knowledge is needed related to collegiate intimate partner violence (IPV) and the pathways between experiencing physical and psychological IPV and academic disengagement. Students in a University System in the southwest completed an online survey including measures of physical and psychological IPV, academic disengagement, sense of community, and safety on campus. Conditional process analyses were used to understand key pathways for 6,818 woman identified students. All models found a significant indirect path between physical and psychological IPV and academic disengagement via depression symptoms. Students' sense of community on campus was associated with less academic disengagement regardless of physical violence. The impact of psychological IPV on disengagement was stronger for those with lower senses of community. Enhancing screening and education, providing effective mental health counseling, and increasing advocacy will help institutions better address IPV.

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The Role of Interpersonal Sexual Objectification in Heterosexual Intimate Partner Violence From Perspectives of Perceivers and Targets

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260520922348 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 088626052092234

Author(s):

Gemma Sáez ◽

Abigail R. Riemer ◽

Rebecca L. Brock ◽

Sarah J. Gervais

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Perspective Taking ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Empathic Concern ◽

Sexual Objectification ◽

Heterosexual Women ◽

Sexist Discrimination ◽

The Impact

Sexual objectification is a subtle manifestation of sexist discrimination and violence against women that involves seeing and treating women as sex objects of male sexual desire. The primary aim of this research was to connect sexual objectification experiences with heterosexual intimate partner violence. This set of studies examined the impact of sexual objectification on intimate partner violence for both the female victim (Study 1) and the male perpetrator (Study 2). Female (Study 1) and male (Study 2) participants were asked to rate the extent they are victims or perpetrators of sexual objectification experiences and intimate partner violence. Moreover, women’s self-silencing and men’s ascriptions of humanity and empathy (through empathic concern and perspective taking) toward their partner was assessed. The results of the first study (including 154 heterosexual women) showed that general sexual objectification victimization indirectly leads to higher psychological and physical violence through the internalization of self-silence schemas. The second study (including 165 heterosexual men) demonstrated a link between general sexual objectification perpetration and psychological and physical intimate partner violence. Moreover, the relation between men’s perpetration of objectification and intimate partner violence was mediated by ascriptions of humanity and empathic concern toward their female partner (but not through perspective taking toward her). Results of both studies demonstrate the effect of sexual objectification (as target or perpetrator) on global intimate partner violence and explain the different psychological mechanisms through which it takes place depending on the gendered perspective. Theoretical implications and practical considerations for interventions on intimate partner violence are discussed.

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CONTRACEPTION USE AND ASSOCIATIONS WITH INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE AMONG WOMEN IN BANGLADESH

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932011000307 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 83-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

KOUSTUV DALAL ◽

JOHANNA ANDREWS ◽

SURAYA DAWAD

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Contraception Use

SummaryThis study examines the association between contraception use and intimate partner violence (IPV) among women of reproductive age in Bangladesh. The observational study of 10,996 women used the chi-squared test and logistic regressions to assess the associations. Almost 80% of all respondents had used contraceptives at some point in their lives. About half of the respondents (48%) were victims of physical violence, while 11% experienced sexual abuse from their husbands. Urban residents, higher educated women and women aged 20–44 were more likely to use contraceptives than their peers in rural areas, those with lower education and those in their late forties (45–49 years). Women exposed to physical violence were almost two times (OR 1.93, CI 1.55–2.41) more likely to use contraceptives compared with their non-abused peers. Sexual abuse had no significant association with contraceptive use. Physical violence is a predictor for higher levels of contraceptive use among women in Bangladesh. The findings emphasize the importance of screening for IPV at health care centres. The differences in urban and rural contraceptive use and IPV exposure identified by the study have policy implications for service delivery and planning.

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Female Victimization and Intimate Partner Violence After the May 12, 2008, Sichuan Earthquake

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/0886-6708.26.3.364 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 364-376 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Ko Ling Chan ◽

Yulian Zhang

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Violence Prevention ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Well Being ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Psychological Aggression ◽

Study Results ◽

The Impact

This study investigates the impact of the earthquake that occurred on May 12, 2008 in Sichuan, China on stressed families already experiencing domestic violence. We hypothesized that cumulative postdisaster stress would increase marital aggression and that the well-being of victims would deteriorate following the quake. A total of 186 women were recruited for this study. Results show that all types of family violence, including psychological aggression and physical violence between partners, increased after the earthquake. We provided preliminary evidence that psychological aggression was significantly associated with the detrimental effects on victims’ mental and physical functioning. The findings support the need for violence assessment among victims of earthquakes, and we recommend that violence prevention be considered as part of the intervention during such natural disasters.

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Exploring antenatal care utilization and intimate partner violence in Benin - are lives at stake?

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10884-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dina Idriss-Wheeler ◽

Sanni Yaya

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Maternal Health ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Service Providers ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Care Utilization ◽

Positive Health ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background The republic of Benin ranks in the bottom third of countries recently assessed for ANC coverage and its Ministry of Family and National Solidarity (2009) reported close to 70% of Beninese women suffered abuse at least once in their lifetime. Utilization of antenatal care (ANC) services is key to positive health outcomes for both mother and infant. This study examined the impact of intimate partner violence (IPV) on the utilization of ANC services in Benin using both the basic 4 visit model (ANC-4) and the updated WHO recommended 8-visit model (ANC-8). Methods Data used for this study were collected from the nationally representative 2017–2018 Benin Demographic Health Survey (BDHS) on ever-partnered women aged 15–49 who had completed both reproductive maternal health and domestic violence modules of the survey. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to determine significant factors associated with ANC utilization in Benin. Results Over 40% of the women (n = 3084) reported experience of IPV in their lifetime. Findings revealed that women who ever experienced IPV (OR 0.753, 95% CI: 0.628–0.901; p = 0.002) had 25% less odds of accessing the basic four ANC visits. IPV was not found to be a factor in accessing at least eight ANC visits. With increasing number of children, there was less likelihood of accessing at least four and at least eight visits. Being in the richest quintile (OR 5.490, 95% CI 3.907–7.714; p < 0.000 for ANC-4; OR, 5.781, 95% CI: 3.208–10.41; p < 0.000), making decisions on household and health care (OR 1.279, 95% CI: 1.042–1.569 for ANC-4; OR, 1.724; 95% CI: 1.170–2.540; p = 0.006 for ANC-8), and getting paid cash for work increased the chances of utilizing ANC-four (OR 1.451, 95% CI: 1.122–1.876; 0.005) but not for ANC-eight. Belonging to the Muslim faith decreased the odds of ANC utilization compared to all other religions. Conclusion This work revealed key areas for maternal health policy makers and service providers in Benin to appropriately plan effective policies (i.e., alleviate poverty; equitable health services access; cultural sensitivity) and necessary interventions (i.e. ANC education, IPV prevention, paid employment, alcohol cessation) to increase utilization of ANC.

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Psychedelic use and intimate partner violence: The role of emotion regulation

Journal of Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1177/0269881118771782 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (7) ◽

pp. 749-755 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Michelle S Thiessen ◽

Zach Walsh ◽

Brian M Bird ◽

Adele Lafrance

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Emotion Regulation ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Community Sample ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Lysergic Acid ◽

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide

Background: Recent evidence suggests that psychedelic use predicts reduced perpetration of intimate partner violence among men involved in the criminal justice system. However, the extent to which this association generalizes to community samples has not been examined, and potential mechanisms underlying this association have not been directly explored. Aims: The present study examined the association between lifetime psychedelic use and intimate partner violence among a community sample of men and women. The study also tested the extent to which the associations were mediated by improved emotion regulation. Methods: We surveyed 1266 community members aged 16–70 (mean age=22.78, standard deviation =7.71) using an online questionnaire that queried substance use, emotional regulation, and intimate partner violence. Respondents were coded as psychedelic users if they reported one or more instance of using lysergic acid diethylamide and/or psilocybin mushrooms in their lifetime. Results/outcomes: Males reporting any experience using lysergic acid diethylamide and/or psilocybin mushrooms had decreased odds of perpetrating physical violence against their current partner (odds ratio=0.42, p<0.05). Furthermore, our analyses revealed that male psychedelic users reported better emotion regulation when compared to males with no history of psychedelic use. Better emotion regulation mediated the relationship between psychedelic use and lower perpetration of intimate partner violence. This relationship did not extend to females within our sample. Conclusions/interpretation: These findings extend prior research showing a negative relationship between psychedelic use and intimate partner violence, and highlight the potential role of emotion regulation in this association.

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Mapping of Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence From a National Population Survey

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260521997954 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 088626052199795

Author(s):

Muluken Dessalegn Muluneh ◽

Lyn Francis ◽

Kingsley Agho ◽

Virginia Stulz

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Married Women ◽

Drinking Behaviour ◽

Sampling Weights ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Impact

Evidence on the relative importance of geographical distribution and associated factors with intimate partner violence (IPV) can inform regional and national health programs on women’s health. Four thousand seven hundred and twenty married women aged 15-49 years were interviewed in 2016 about IPV and this data was extracted from the Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) in 2020. The sample was selected by a two-staged cluster survey of women. The analysis was conducted using logistic regression that adjusted for clustering and sampling weights. Moreover, weighted proportions of IPV were exported to ArcGIS to conduct autocorrelations to assess the clustering of IPV. Amongst the 4469 married women who were 15 to 49 years of age included in the analysis, 34% (95% CI, 31.4%-36.3%) experienced IPV, 23.5% ( 95% CI, 21.5%-25.7%) experienced physical violence, 10.1% (95% CI, 8.7%- 11.7 %) experienced sexual violence and 24% (95% CI, 21.7%-26.4 %) experienced emotional violence. Partners’ controlling behaviour [AOR: 3.94; 95% CI, 3.03- 5.12], partner’s alcohol consumption [AOR: 2.59; 95% CI, 1.80- 3.71], partner educational qualifications [AOR: 2.16; 95% CI, 1.26- 3.71], a woman birthing more than five children [AOR: 1.70; 95% CI, 1.12- 2.56] and a history of the woman’s father being physically violent towards her mother [AOR: 1.99; 95% CI, 1.52- 2.59] were associated with an increased risk of IPV amongst married women in Ethiopia. Western and Central Oromia, Western Amhara, Gambella and Central Tigray and Hararri were identified as hot spot areas in Ethiopia (p<0.001). In this study, there was a significant geographic clustering of IPV in Ethiopia. Controlling and drinking behaviour and partners’ unemployment status were identified as important factors for married women experiencing IPV. Hence, there is a need for a context- driven evidence-based design intervention to reduce the impact of IPV.

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Impact of Intimate Partner violence on ever married women and utilization of antenatal care services in Tanzania

Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal ◽

10.3126/jcmsn.v14i1.17851 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

S M Yasir Arafat

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Married Women ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Age Group ◽

Care Services ◽

The Impact

Background and Objectives: Sub Saharan Africa region is considered as one of the deprived regions of this world and women from this part of the world are suffering from intimate partner violence. This study was undertaken to assess the impact of intimate partner violence on utilization of antenatal care services among the ever married women.Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study design. The data used in this research was extracted from the Tanzania Demographic Health Survey 2015-16. A total of 13, 266 women were interviewed.Results: The mean age of the respondents is 28.69 years. About 74% women visited antenatal care services more than 4 times. Logistic regression results indicate that the middle-aged adult women (35-49 years age group) were identified having lower odds (Odds ratio: 0.807, 95% CI: 0.693-0.940, P<0.001) than women in younger age group. Women who did not complete their secondary education were less likelihood to experience IPV (Odds ratio: 0.705, 95% CI: 0.540-0.922, P<0.010).Conclusion: IPV is one main challenge to women’s health and wellbeing during pregnancy period. Proper implementation and community based interventions to support pregnant women to seek antenatal care services and to raise awareness regarding intimate partner violence are advocated.

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