CONTRACEPTION USE AND ASSOCIATIONS WITH INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE AMONG WOMEN IN BANGLADESH

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
KOUSTUV DALAL ◽  
JOHANNA ANDREWS ◽  
SURAYA DAWAD
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Contraception Use

SummaryThis study examines the association between contraception use and intimate partner violence (IPV) among women of reproductive age in Bangladesh. The observational study of 10,996 women used the chi-squared test and logistic regressions to assess the associations. Almost 80% of all respondents had used contraceptives at some point in their lives. About half of the respondents (48%) were victims of physical violence, while 11% experienced sexual abuse from their husbands. Urban residents, higher educated women and women aged 20–44 were more likely to use contraceptives than their peers in rural areas, those with lower education and those in their late forties (45–49 years). Women exposed to physical violence were almost two times (OR 1.93, CI 1.55–2.41) more likely to use contraceptives compared with their non-abused peers. Sexual abuse had no significant association with contraceptive use. Physical violence is a predictor for higher levels of contraceptive use among women in Bangladesh. The findings emphasize the importance of screening for IPV at health care centres. The differences in urban and rural contraceptive use and IPV exposure identified by the study have policy implications for service delivery and planning.

Intimate Partner Violence and its Association With Contraceptive Use Among Women in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (Spring 2019) ◽  
pp. 157-173
Author(s):  
Kashif Siddique ◽  
Rubeena Zakar ◽  
Ra’ana Malik ◽  
Naveeda Farhat ◽  
Farah Deeba
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Odds Ratios

The aim of this study is to find the association between Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and contraceptive use among married women in Pakistan. The analysis was conducted by using cross sectional secondary data from every married women of reproductive age 15-49 years who responded to domestic violence module (N = 3687) of the 2012-13 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey. The association between contraceptive use (outcome variable) and IPV was measured by calculating unadjusted odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals using simple binary logistic regression and multivariable binary logistic regression. The result showed that out of 3687 women, majority of women 2126 (57.7%) were using contraceptive in their marital relationship. Among total, 1154 (31.3%) women experienced emotional IPV, 1045 (28.3%) women experienced physical IPV and 1402 (38%) women experienced both physical and emotional IPV together respectively. All types of IPV was significantly associated with contraceptive use and women who reported emotional IPV (AOR 1.44; 95% CI 1.23, 1.67), physical IPV (AOR 1.41; 95% CI 1.20, 1.65) and both emotional and physical IPV together (AOR 1.49; 95% CI 1.24, 1.72) were more likely to use contraceptives respectively. The study revealed that women who were living in violent relationship were more likely to use contraceptive in Pakistan. Still there is a need for women reproductive health services and government should take initiatives to promote family planning services, awareness and access to contraceptive method options for women to reduce unintended or mistimed pregnancies that occurred in violent relationships.

scholarly journals Associations between intimate partner violence and married women’s condom and other contraceptive use in rural India

Sexual Health ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anindita Dasgupta ◽  
Niranjan Saggurti ◽  
Mohan Ghule ◽  
Elizabeth Reed ◽  
Balaiah Donta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Intrauterine Device ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
The Past ◽  
Contraception Use

Background The existing literature on the intersection between women’s reports of spousal intimate partner violence (IPV) and contraceptive use in South Asia is conflicted. Results vary based on method of contraception use and form of violence (physical or sexual), and few examine the relationship between IPV and various methods of modern spacing contraceptive (MSC) use. This study examines associations between IPV and MSC use among a sample of married, not-currently pregnant couples in rural Maharashtra, India (n = 861). Methods: Multinomial logistic regression models assessed wives’ physical and sexual IPV victimisation (for the past 6-months) in relation to the wives’ past 3-month MSC use (categorised as condom use, other MSCs [oral pills, Intrauterine device (IUD)] and no MSCs). Results: In terms of violence, 9% (n = 78) and 4% (n = 34) of wives reported recent physical and sexual IPV victimisation, respectively. The majority (72%; n = 621) did not use any MSC method in the past 3 months; 14% (n = 119) reported recent condom use, and the same proportion reported other MSC use. Recent physical IPV was associated with increased likelihood of recent condom use (AOR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.20, 5.04), and recent sexual IPV was associated with increased likelihood of recent use of other MSC (AOR: 3.27, 95% CI: 1.24, 8.56). Conclusions: These findings reinforce the need for integration of counselling around IPV prevention and intervention programming into existing family planning services targeting married couples in rural Maharashtra, India.

scholarly journals Intimate Partner Violence as a Predictor of Antenatal Care Services Utilization in Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Bahati ◽  
Josias Izabayo ◽  
Japhet Niyonsenga ◽  
Vincent Sezibera ◽  
Léon Mutesa
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Services Utilization ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Although compelling evidence shows that the experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is detrimental to both physical and mental health of the victims and their offspring, studies on negative impact of IPV on antenatal care (ANC) services utilization are scarce. Methods: The aim of the current study was to determine the impact of IPV exposure on ANC services utilization indicators such as (i) initiation of care within the first three months of pregnancy, (ii) receipt of at least four ANC visits and (iii) receipt of care from skilled providers among reproductive age women in Rwanda. This study used the data from the 2014-15 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the effects of physical and sexual IPV on the antenatal care (ANC) services utilization indicators. Results: Among married women living with their partners with at least one child aged 5years or under (N=5116), 17% of them reported physical violence, 22.8% reported psychological violence and 9.2% reported sexual violence. We found that there was a significant negative relationship between physical IPV and both early ANC and sufficient ANC. Women who had experienced physical violence by their partners during the preced­ing 12 months were less likely to receive more than four ANC visits, (O.R) = 0.6151 confidence interval (CI) [0.417-0.908] and they were less likely to attend the first ANC visits within the first three months (O.R) =0.656 confidence interval (CI) = [0.445-0.967].Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of IPV is still high and there is evidence that it does have significant impact on ANC. Therefore, the results provide support for continued efforts to reduce intimate partner violence, through the improvement of screening for IVP during ANC visits.

scholarly journals Detrimental effects of intimate partner violence on the nutritional status of children: insights from PDHS 2012-2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Shaukat ◽  
Meesha Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Arslan Khan
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Secondary Data Analysis ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

Background: Endemicity of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is established globally. Children are directly dependent on mothers for care and nourishment. Literature has shown inconsistent association between IPV and nutritional status of children, and no nationwide study has been conducted in Pakistan to test this association. Thus, we aimed to do a secondary data analysis on Pakistan Demographic Health Survey (PDHS 2012-13) to explore the association of IPV and the nutritional status of children.Methods: This secondary data analysis was conducted on nationally representative data of PDHS 2012-13. All four provinces, including Islamabad Capital Territory and Gilgit Baltistan districts were taken, and two stage stratified random sampling was performed. The conflict tactics scale (CTS) was used to quantify Intimate Partner Violence (IPV), and its emotional and physical dimensions.Results: This study included mother-child dyads (n=1851) who completed the domestic violence module in PDHS. The lifetime prevalence of intimate partner violence was almost 40% among married women of reproductive age group. About 20% of women reported emotional violence and 2.5% women reported physical violence only. However, 16% of the women reported having suffered from both emotional and physical violence. Women who suffered from emotional violence had children with significantly higher odds of being underweight (OR, 95% CI: 1.57, 1.04-2.36) and stunted (OR, 95% CI: 1.54, 1.05-2.24) respectively. IPV was not found to be significantly associated with occurrence of wasting in children.Conclusions: Policy implications towards this issue call for establishing programmes and laws to protect women and children from the detrimental effects of violence. Provision of initiatives which focus on women autonomy and empowerment via increased access to education and economic opportunities.

The Influence of Intimate Partner Violence on Pregnancy Symptoms

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 523-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özlem Can Gürkan ◽  
Zübeyde Ekşi ◽  
Derya Deniz ◽  
Hasan Çırçır
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Economic Abuse

The current literature contains few studies conducted on the effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) on pregnancy symptoms. Does being subjected to IPV during pregnancy increase the incidence of pregnancy-related symptoms? The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of IPV on pregnancy-related symptoms. The study was conducted as comparative, descriptive, and cross-sectional research with a total of 370 participants. Data were collected using the Domestic Violence Against Women Screening Form, the Pregnancy Symptoms Inventory (PSI), and a descriptive questionnaire. The types of IPV the women in the study had experienced during pregnancy were, in order of frequency, verbal abuse (31.1 %; n = 115), economic abuse (25.9 %; n = 96), physical violence (8.4 %; n = 31), and sexual abuse (5.9%; n = 22). The PSI scores for the pregnant women subjected to physical violence related to gastrointestinal system symptoms ( p < .05), cardiovascular system symptoms ( p < .05), mental health symptoms ( p = 0), neurological system symptoms ( p < .05), urinary system symptoms ( p < .01), and tiredness or fatigue ( p = 0); their total PSI scores ( p = 0) were significantly higher statistically than those of women who did not experience physical violence during pregnancy. The scores of the pregnant women subjected to sexual abuse related to mental health symptoms ( p < .05), and their total PSI scores ( p < .05) were significantly higher than those of women who did not experience sexual abuse. The scores of the pregnant women subjected to economic abuse related to tiredness or fatigue ( p < .01) and their mental health symptom scores ( p < .05) were significantly higher than those of women who did not experience economic abuse. Our results showed that women subjected to IPV during pregnancy experienced a higher incidence of pregnancy symptoms.

scholarly journals INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE AND CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG MARRIED WOMEN IN SOUTH-SOUTH NIGERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ayodeji John ◽  
Ajayi Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Almost All

This study outlines intimate partner violence and contraceptive use among married women in South-South Nigeria. Attempt was made to investigate association between intimate partner violence and use of contraception among married women in south-south Nigeria. This study utilized secondary data. Secondary data were extracted from 2013, Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) dataset. Out of the 38,948 women interviewed, this study employed sample of the 4,932 women representing the number of married women in South-South Nigeria. The analysis were done in two stages of univariate and bivariate analysis. The result showed that almost all the married women use contraceptive which indicated that contraceptive use varies significantly by age of married women, education, place of resident, wealth status and occupation. The study concluded that married women who have ever experienced sexual violence are more likely to adopt contraception than married women whose experienced physical violence and emotional violence.

scholarly journals Intimate partner violence as a predictor of antenatal care services utilization in Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Bahati ◽  
Josias Izabayo ◽  
Japhet Niyonsenga ◽  
Vincent Sezibera ◽  
Léon Mutesa
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Services Utilization ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Although compelling evidence shows that exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is detrimental to both physical and mental health of the victims and their fetuses, studies on negative impact of IPV on antenatal care (ANC) services utilization are scarce. Methods The aim of the current study was to determine the impact of IPV exposure on ANC services utilization indicators such as (i) initiation of care within the first 3 months of pregnancy, (ii) receipt of at least four ANC visits and (iii) receipt of care from skilled providers among reproductive age women in Rwanda. This study used the data from the 2014–15 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the effects of physical and sexual IPV on the ANC services utilization indicators. Results Among married women living with their partners with at least one child aged 5 years or under (N = 5116), 17% of them reported physical violence, 22.8% reported psychological violence and 9.2% reported sexual violence. We found that there was a significant negative relationship between physical IPV and both early ANC and sufficient ANC. Women who had experienced physical violence by their partners during the preceding 12 months were less likely to receive more than four ANC visits, (O.R = 0.61, CI = 0.417–0.908) and they were less likely to attend the first ANC visits within the first 3 months (O.R = 0.656, CI = 0.445–0.967). Conclusion In this study, the prevalence of IPV still remains high and there is evidence that it does have significant impact on ANC. Therefore, the results provide support for continued efforts to reduce intimate partner violence, through the improvement of screening for IPV during ANC visits.

College Women’s Experiences of Male Partner Contraceptive Interference: Associations With Intimate Partner Violence and Contraceptive Outcomes

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (21-22) ◽  
pp. 4350-4374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Katz ◽  
Melissa A. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Women’S Experiences ◽  
Condom Negotiation ◽  
Women's Experiences ◽  
Contraception Use

Many young adult women experience interpersonal barriers to protecting their sexual health. The focus of the current study was on contraceptive interference (CI), defined as partner behaviors that prevent effective contraception use before or during sex. We investigated whether CI tends to co-occur with intimate partner violence (IPV) and whether past CI is negatively associated with women’s contraceptive outcomes. We also investigated perceived reasons for partner CI. Data were collected from sexually active female undergraduates ( N = 146) who had ended a (hetero)sexual relationship lasting at least 1 month. Participants provided self-report data on past relationships with male “target” partners who either did or did not enact CI, IPV within the same relationship, contraceptive use at last sex (with most recent partner), and condom negotiation efficacy (on day of study). About 25% of the sample reported past CI. Results revealed positive associations between target partner CI and psychological abuse, severe physical assault, and attempted or completed sexual assault by that same partner. Past CI was negatively associated with condom negotiation self-efficacy but not contraceptive use at last sex. All women perceived that CI was motivated by an intent to promote his pleasure, and only a few women perceived that CI was motivated by an intent to promote pregnancy. These results suggest that women’s experiences of CI reflect broader disempowerment within the dyadic context. Furthermore, these results suggest that research on CI behaviors as well as intentions underlying these behaviors will improve our understanding of how and why IPV affects women’s reproductive and sexual health.

Rural Isolation, Small Towns, and the Risk of Intimate Partner Violence

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052094372
Author(s):  
Kathryn O. DuBois
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Metropolitan Statistical Area ◽  
Settlement Type

Ethnographic research from the United States on gender-based violence showing that rural isolation exacerbates intimate partner violence (IPV) is at odds with estimates from nationally representative victimization surveys which indicate that the incidence of IPV in settlements conventionally characterized as rural is similar to or less than the incidence for urban settlements. One possible reason for this discrepancy—that the conventional metropolitan statistical area–based measure of settlement type fails to distinguish isolated rural areas from other nonmetropolitan places—is put to test in this study. Pooled data from 578,471 women interviewed a total of 1,672,999 times in the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) between 1994 and 2015 were used in this study to consider the risk of IPV across a measure of settlement type that differentiates nonmetropolitan settlements into dispersed rural areas or residentially concentrated small towns. Logistic regression estimates of semiannual IPV prevalence were modeled using generalized estimating equations and robust standard errors to compensate for repeated measures and for the complex sample design of the NCVS. After adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, year, and time in sample, these analyses indicated that women from dispersed rural settlements had a lower semiannual risk of IPV (2.31 per 1,000 [95% confidence interval [CI] = [2.02, 2.64]]) than women from small towns (3.30 per 1,000 women [95% CI = [2.82, 3.87]]) or women from the urban core (2.60 per 1,000 [95% CI = [2.44, 2.77]]). Contrary to the ethnographic record, the results of this study indicate that women living in rural isolation are at a lower risk of IPV victimization relative to other American women and that women from small towns—the urbanized portions of nonmetropolitan counties—have been most at risk of suffering physical violence committed by an intimate partner.

Prevalence and Factors Associated With Intimate Partner Violence Among Women in Haiti: Understanding Household, Individual, Partner, and Relationship Characteristics

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626051989844
Author(s):  
James R. Occean ◽  
Nicholas Thomas ◽  
Andrew C. Lim ◽  
Sharonda M. Lovett ◽  
Abimbola Michael-Asalu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Wife Beating ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Women's Development ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Individual Partner

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health issue with detrimental consequences for women’s reproductive, mental, and physical health. In Haiti, IPV is a major obstacle to women’s development. Yet, the determinants of IPV victimization are still not well understood. In this study, we utilized the 2016–2017 Haiti Demographic and Health Survey to determine the prevalence of IPV victimization and its subtypes (emotional, physical, and sexual abuse) among married or cohabiting women ( N = 3,805) of reproductive age (15–49) by their current husband/partner. Logistic regression was conducted to explore the association between IPV and household, individual, husband/partner, and relationship characteristics. The prevalence of IPV victimization was 32.5% with the majority reporting emotional (24.7%) followed by physical (16.8%) and sexual (10.5%) violence. Increased odds of IPV victimization were found among women with children in the household (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.03, 2.02]), with attitudinal acceptance of wife-beating (AOR = 1.45, 95% CI = [1.05, 2.02]), and those who witnessed their father beating their mother (AOR = 1.49, 95% CI = [1.18, 2.67]). Higher odds of reporting IPV victimization were also found among women whose partner drank alcohol (AOR = 2.89, 95% CI = [2.29, 3.65]), who were in a polygynous relationship (AOR = 1.76, 95% CI = [1.23, 2.40]), and displayed one or more controlling behaviors (AOR = 1.92, 95% CI = [1.42, 2.59]). Women who reported being afraid of their partner had greater odds of IPV victimization (AOR = 16.22, 95% CI = [8.38, 31.39]). Decreased odds of reporting IPV were associated with women living in rural areas (AOR = 0.73, 95% CI = [0.53, 1.00]) and those unmarried, but living with their partner (AOR = 0.62, 95% CI = [0.43, 0.90]). Our findings identify subgroups of women in Haiti that may be vulnerable to IPV victimization. Thus, we recommend a differentiated approach to IPV prevention strategies and interventions that consider women’s family structure in the household as well as individual, partner, and relationship characteristics.

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