In the Absence of Effective Malaria Parasite Sentinel System: A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess Prevalence of Plasmodium Spp Infection and Malaria Among Patients at Federal Medical Centre Birnin-Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria.

Abstract Background: Local knowledge of the prevalence, burden and features of diseases as well as effective disease surveillance system to identifying population at risk are important at achieving malaria elimination of the National Malaria Strategic Plan (2014-2020). Methods: The study utilized a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive data collected from January to December, 2018 to determine the prevalence of malaria parasite infection and prevalent Plasmodium spp infection among different age groups and sexes among patients attending Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State,Nigeria . We analysed secondary data of hospital records of 5,645 feverish patients attending general out patients’ department and medical laboratory department at the study area. Blood samples from the patients were collected and examined using thin and thick-blood smear slides technique for the presence or absence of parasites. Stained slides were examined using two levels of examination by trained microscopists and WHO certified expert microscopists as validators. Results: The prevalence of malaria parasite in the study area was 17.1%. P.falciparum was the most prevalent species of malaria parasite (99.69%) among the positive cases in the study area, while P.malariae was identified in 3 of the positive slides representing 0.31% case. Malaria positivity was highest (52.49%) among children aged 0-10years. Test of association between malaria positivity and patients’ age was statistically significant (p<0.05). Among patients who tested positive to malaria parasite, more than half (53.37%) of them were females. Conclusion: Presence of Plasmodium malariae may be indicative of trans-border transmission of the disease due to the proximity of the study area to international border and thus calls for effective malaria parasite surveillance system and further inter boarder research.

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In the Absence of Effective Malaria Parasite Sentinel System- a Cross-Sectional Study to Assess Prevalence of Plasmodium spp Infection and Malaria among Patients at Federal Medical Centre Birnin-Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria

Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports ◽

10.9734/ajarr/2021/v15i430392 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 71-76

Author(s):

Olaosebikan Victor O. ◽

Olatunji Alabi ◽

Hussaini Kabiru ◽

Ojo A. Abiodun

Keyword(s):

Malaria Parasite ◽

Age Groups ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Plasmodium Malariae ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Medical Centre ◽

Medical Laboratory ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

System A ◽

International Border

Aim: This research assessed the prevalence of Plasmodium Spp infection and malaria among patients at Federal Medical Centre Birnin-Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria Methodology: The study utilized a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive data collected from January to December, 2018 to determine the prevalence of malaria parasite infection and prevalent Plasmodium spp infection among different age groups and sexes among patients attending Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi. We analysed secondary data of hospital records of 5,645 feverish patients attending general out patients’ department and medical laboratory department at the study area. Blood samples from the patients were collected and examined using thin and thick-blood smear slides technique for the presence or absence of parasites by trained microscopists. Results: The prevalence of malaria parasite in the study area was 17.1%. P. falciparum was the most prevalent species of malaria parasite (99.69%) among the positive cases in the study area, while P. malariae was identified in 3 of the positive slides representing 0.31% case. Malaria positivity was highest (52.49%) among children aged 0-10years. Test of association between malaria positivity and patients’ age was statistically significant (p<0.05). Among patients who tested positive to malaria parasite, more than half (53.37%) of them were female. Conclusion: Presence of Plasmodium malariae may be indicative of trans-border transmission of the disease due to the proximity of the study area to international border and thus calls for effective malaria parasite surveillance system and further inter boarder research.

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Evaluation of the Kano State Lassa Fever Surveillance System, 2015-2018 – Nigeria

10.21203/rs.3.rs-948383/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Usman yahya Umar ◽

Mikha'il Abdu Abubakar ◽

Imam Wada Bello ◽

Muhammad Shakir Balogun ◽

Sadiq Tahir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surveillance System ◽

Disease Surveillance ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Lassa Fever ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Surveillance Systems ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Surveillance And Response ◽

Male Preponderance ◽

Training And Support

Abstract BackgroundLassa fever (LF) is one of the priority diseases under surveillance through the integrated disease surveillance and response system (IDSR). We evaluated the LF surveillance system against its set objectives and assessed its attributes. MethodsWe used cross-sectional study design. Forty-seven stakeholders involved in the surveillance system were interviewed using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Updated Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems. The LF surveillance data from January 2015 to December 2018 were also analyzed. The attribute and objectives of the system were evaluated. ResultsOut of the 76 suspected cases recorded in kano state during the study period, only 54 samples were laboratory tested, 11 of them were confirmed positive with 9 deaths (case fatality rate of 82%). Confirmed cases were predominantly in Tudun Wada LGA (63.6%), while the age-group 20-39 years constituted 55% of the confirmed cases. There was male preponderance of cases (73%). The predictive value positive (PVP) was 14.5%. The surveillance system was however meeting its objectives of determining LF burden and detecting and characterizing cases and outbreak.ConclusionLF surveillance system in Kano was simple, flexible, stable, acceptable and timely. However, data was not representative. We recommended improved reporting from private and tertiary facilities and more personnel training and support to improve the system.

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Evaluation of community-based disease surveillance systems for priority disease detection in Nairobi County Kenya

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213763 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 4692

Author(s):

Annastacia Katuvee Muange ◽

John Kariuki ◽

James Mwitari

Keyword(s):

Community Involvement ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Disease Surveillance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Facilities ◽

Surveillance Systems ◽

Case Definitions ◽

Community Based ◽

Study Program ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Community based disease surveillance (CBDS) may be defined as an active process of community involvement in identification, reporting, responding to and monitoring diseases and public health events of concern in the community. The scope of CBS is limited to systematic continuous collection of health data on events and diseases guided by simplified lay case definitions and reporting to health facilities for verification, investigation, collation, analysis and response as necessary.Methods: A cross sectional study design, interventions study program was adopted to determine the effectiveness of CBDS in detecting of priority diseases. Purposive and random sampling methods was employed to select the respondents.Results: The results of the study assisted the Ministry of health to understand the effectiveness of Community based surveillance in detection of priority diseases and hence strengthen the community-based surveillance initiative. From the findings, the integrated disease surveillance data for five years from 2014-2018 shows, more cases of priority diseases reported in health facilities linked to a community unit trained on CBDS. Cholera (9/5), Malaria (4757/2789), Neonatal tetanus (27/3) respectively.Conclusions: The study concluded that, use of community-based surveillance system, improves detection of the notifiable diseases in the community. The study revealed that there is a gap on training of community-based disease surveillance system and therefore there is need for continuous refresher trainings on CBDS to the CHVs and CHAs to accommodate also the newly recruited.

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Increase in emergency department visits related to cannabis reported using syndromic surveillance system

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/cky272 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 621-625 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

G N Noel ◽

A M Maghoo ◽

F F Franke ◽

G V Viudes ◽

P M Minodier

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Syndromic Surveillance ◽

Age Groups ◽

The United States ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Emergency Department Visits ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Syndromic Surveillance System ◽

Icd 10

Abstract Background Cannabis is illegal in France but, as in many countries, legalization is under debate. In the United States, an increase of emergency department (ED) visits related to cannabis exposure (CE) in infants and adults was reported. In France, a retrospective observational study also suggested an increase of CE in children under 6 years old. This study only included toddlers and the data sources used did not allow repeated analysis for monitoring. Methods Our study aimed to evaluate the trend in visits for CE in ED in patients younger than 27 years old in Southern France. A cross-sectional study using the Electronic Emergency Department Abstracts (EEDA) included in the national Syndromic Surveillance System. CE visits were defined using International Classification of Disease (ICD-10). Results From 2009 to 2014, 16 EDs consistently reported EEDA with <5% missing diagnosis code. Seven hundred and ninety seven patients were admitted for CE including 49 (4.1%) children under 8 years old. From 2009–11 to 2012–14, the rate of CE visits increased significantly across all age groups. The highest increase was in the 8–14 years old (+144%; 1.85–4.51, P < 0.001) and was also significant in children under 8 (0.53–1.06; P = 0.02). Among children under 8, hospitalization rate (75.5% vs. 16.8%; P < 0.001) and intensive care unit admissions (4.1% vs. 0.1%; P < 0.001) were higher compared with patients older than 8 years. Conclusion These trends occurred despite cannabis remaining illegal. EEDA could be useful for monitoring CE in EDs.

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CLINICIAN SENSITIZATION ON INTEGRATED DISEASE SURVEILLANCE AND RESPONSE IN FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTRE OWO, ONDO STATE, NIGERIA, 2016

Public Health of Indonesia ◽

10.36685/phi.v3i2.122 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 41-49

Author(s):

Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi ◽

Oluwafolakemi Mary Babasola

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care Workers ◽

Disease Surveillance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Medical Centre ◽

Disease Notification ◽

Public Health Action ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Surveillance And Response ◽

Care Workers

Background: For effective Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) all health care workers involvement is required. Most trainings have often neglected the clinicians. Aim: This study aimed to identify gaps requiring capacity building in preventing infectious disease outbreak among health care workers in Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State.Methods: A cross sectional study of clinicians at the Federal Medical Centre, Owo was done. Data was collected using semi structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Data collected were analysed with SPSS version 21. Summary statistics was conducted to identify training need requirements.Results: The mean age of participant was 43 ± 5.9 years, 14(70%) were male. Respondents who have worked for 10 years and above were 12(60%). In all, 5(25%) respondent understood disease surveillance to be systematic collection of data and analysis in order to prevent diseases. Regarding respondent’s knowledge of notifiable diseases. Only 4(20%) of the respondents knew malaria as a notifiable disease, Cholera knew by 11(55%), Ebola by 15(75%) and Lassa by 13(65%). The main factor identified to be affecting prompt disease notification in Federal Medical Centre, Owo was lack of adequate training 12(60%) while communication gap was identified by 7(35%). In all, 18(90%) felt they do not know all that they needed about disease surveillance. Conclusion: Rapid notification of infectious diseases is essential for prompt public health action and for monitoring of disease trends. Trainings that will improve the level of knowledge of clinician and communication channels will improve disease surveillance and notification.

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Evaluation of the Kano State Lassa Fever Surveillance System, 2015-2018 – Nigeria

10.21203/rs.3.rs-948383/v2 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Usman yahya Umar ◽

Mikha'il Abdu Abubakar ◽

Imam Wada Bello ◽

Muhammad Shakir Balogun ◽

Sadiq Tahir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surveillance System ◽

Disease Surveillance ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Lassa Fever ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Surveillance Systems ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Surveillance And Response ◽

Male Preponderance ◽

Training And Support

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Prevalence of Malaria among Febrile Patients attending Government Hospitals in Ondo State, South-West Nigeria

American Journal of Epidemiology & Public Health ◽

10.37871/ajeph.id40 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 017-024

Author(s):

Omoya F.O ◽

Ajayi KO

Keyword(s):

Malaria Parasite ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Malaria Prevalence ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Infection Prevalence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Government Hospitals ◽

Ondo State ◽

The Mean

Background: The use of malaria infection prevalence among febrile patients is a valuable epidemiological surveillance tool. In this study, a cross sectional study was conducted among febrile patients in selected government Hospitals in Ondo State for malaria prevalence. Results: Plasmodium falciparum is the only encountered malaria parasite with prevalence values of 82.72% (426/515) and 80.19% (413/515) were obtained for microscopy and RDTs respectively. The prevalence of malaria among the males (86.59%) was higher than the females (80.65%), all age groups in this study were vulnerable with highest infection rate of 89.66% among age group 11-20 years. The parasites densities ranged between 209 and 22310 parasites/μl with a mean parasitaemia of 5522.17 ± 183.30 parasites/μl. The prevalence of malaria among the febrile participants that have taken antimalarial drug before visiting the hospital is 82.94% (389/469) with the mean parasitaemia of 4615.21 ± 188.14 parasites/μl while among the participants that have taken herbs before visiting the hospital the prevalence is 85.03% (142/167) with the mean parasitaemia of 4913.81 ± 330.20 parasites/μl. Conclusion: There was high prevalence of malaria among febrile patients and this fi nding will help improve the diagnosis and treatment of other febrile (non-malaria) infections, limit antimalarial usage to only malaria parasite-based test true positives and serve as a guide to combat malaria drug resistance in the study area.

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Comparison and Agreement among Various Case Definitions of Periodontitis: A Secondary Data Analysis

Journal of Periodontology & Implant Dentistry ◽

10.15171/jpid.2014.008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 40-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tan Pei Shian ◽

Shaju Jacob Pulikkotil

Keyword(s):

Gold Standard ◽

Disease Surveillance ◽

Secondary Data ◽

High Specificity ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Case Definition ◽

Case Definitions ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact

Background and aims. A plethora of definitions has been used for periodontitis for epidemiological studies. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the impact of different case definitions on the prevalence of periodontitis and to find the level of agreement among them. Materials and methods. Periodontal records of 300 subjects were randomly selected from the database of Oral Health Center, International Medical University. The prevalence of periodontitis was determined using six different case definitions of I, II, III, IV, Va and Vb previously used in various studies. The definition Va proposed by CDC Periodontal Disease Surveillance Workgroup was adopted as the gold standard to calculate sensitivity and specificity. Results. There were large variations in the prevalence of periodontitis based on different definitions, ranging from 28% to 76.7%. There was good agreement between definitions III and Vb (0.901) and definitions II and III (0.713). Definition II had the highest agreement with the gold standard (Va) among all the definitions. Excluding definition I, all had a high specificity to the gold standard. Conclusion. The prevalence of periodontitis is greatly influenced by the choice of the case definition. Prevalence rates with definition II could be more accurate if the true prevalence is determined by definition Va.

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Hesitancy of Covid-19 Vaccination among Health Workers (other than Doctors) in a Tertiary Hospital in South-South, Nigeria

Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases ◽

10.9734/ajrid/2021/v7i130207 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 21-31

Author(s):

P. C. Oriji ◽

D. O. Allagoa ◽

T. J. Wagio ◽

L. Obagah ◽

E. S. Tekenah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Workers ◽

World Health Organisation ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Medical Centre ◽

World Health ◽

Medical Laboratory ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Personal Experiences ◽

Study Population

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease of the respiratory system that is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organisation on the 11th of March, 2020. Objective: To assess the reasons behind the low turnout of health workers (other than doctors) for COVID-19 vaccination in the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out at the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa between 1st and 23rd April, 2021. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of 182 health workers (excluding doctors) from all departments/units in the hospital. The data were collected with a predesigned questionnaire, and were analysed using IBM SPSS 23.0 version. Results: About three-quarter were females (74.7%), and close to half were aged ≤35 years (47.8%). The respondents were Nurses, Pharmacists, Medical laboratory scientists, and Non-clinical officers. Only 27.4% took the vaccine. Most of those who refused the vaccine did so because they wanted to see what would happen to those who received the vaccine (70.5%). Others felt the vaccine has not gone through enough clinical trials (62.1%). Conclusion: In this study, there was very poor turnout of health workers for COVID-19 vaccination. The factors that influenced acceptance of the vaccine were mainly COVID-19 related features. These findings suggest that people who have had personal experiences with the disease have a better understanding of the gravity of the situation, and hence are more likely to accept vaccination against the disease.

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CONCENTRATION OF THE SERUM TGF-BETA1 IN HEALTHY ADULT PEOPLE

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2014.4_5.12 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 90-93

Author(s):

Van Tuan Nguyen ◽

Tam Vo ◽

Bui Bao Hoang

Keyword(s):

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Healthy Adult ◽

Age Groups ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Healthy People ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Transforming Growth Factor Beta1 ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

And Gender

Elevated serum Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) levels have been linked to tissue fibrosis including chronic kidney disease. Objectives: (1) Investigate serum TGF-beta1 levels in healthy adult people and (2) Examined the relation between serum TGF-beta1 level and gender, age, body mass index (BMI). Method: A cross-sectional study. TGF-beta1 were quantified by ELISA. Results: Levels of serum TGF-beta1 in healthy people were 13,45 ± 7,17 ng/mL mL (0,59 - 33,10 ng/mL). There are no difference of serum TGF-beta1 levels between men and women, between the age groups (<40 years, 40 to < 60 years and ≥ 60 years), between BMI groups < 23 and BMI group ≥ 23. Key words: TGF-beta1, healthy people

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