Comparison and Agreement among Various Case Definitions of Periodontitis: A Secondary Data Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan Pei Shian ◽  
Shaju Jacob Pulikkotil
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Background and aims. A plethora of definitions has been used for periodontitis for epidemiological studies. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the impact of different case definitions on the prevalence of periodontitis and to find the level of agreement among them. Materials and methods. Periodontal records of 300 subjects were randomly selected from the database of Oral Health Center, International Medical University. The prevalence of periodontitis was determined using six different case definitions of I, II, III, IV, Va and Vb previously used in various studies. The definition Va proposed by CDC Periodontal Disease Surveillance Workgroup was adopted as the gold standard to calculate sensitivity and specificity. Results. There were large variations in the prevalence of periodontitis based on different definitions, ranging from 28% to 76.7%. There was good agreement between definitions III and Vb (0.901) and definitions II and III (0.713). Definition II had the highest agreement with the gold standard (Va) among all the definitions. Excluding definition I, all had a high specificity to the gold standard. Conclusion. The prevalence of periodontitis is greatly influenced by the choice of the case definition. Prevalence rates with definition II could be more accurate if the true prevalence is determined by definition Va.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study on associations of physical symptoms, health self-efficacy and suicidal ideation among Chinese hospitalized cancer patients following diagnosis.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyi Xu ◽  
Shuhua Jia ◽  
Maiko Fukasawa ◽  
Lin Lin ◽  
Jun Na ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Epidemiological studies have shown elevated suicide risk in cancer patients compare with the general population. This study was performed to examine the association between physical symptoms and suicidal ideation among Chinese hospitalized cancer patients and test the modifying effect of health self-efficacy on this association. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 544 cancer patients from oncology settings in two general hospitals in northeast China via face-to-face interviews. Suicidal ideation was measured by using four items from the Yale Evaluation of Suicidality scale, dichotomized into a positive and negative score. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to examine the impact of physical symptoms, health self-efficacy and their interactions on suicidal ideation.Results: We found a suicidal ideation rate of 26.3% in patients following cancer diagnosis. Logistic regression showed that insomnia (aOR=1.84, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.00, p =0.015), lack of appetite (aOR=2.14, 95% CI 1.26 to 3.64, p =0.005) were positively associated with suicidal ideation, low health self-efficacy showed a marginally significant exaggerating effect on the association between pain and suicidal ideation (aOR = 2.77, 95% CI 0.99 to 7.74, p =0.053), even after controlling for significant socio-demographic, clinical characteristics and depression. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the associations between insomnia、lack of appetite and suicidal ideation and highlight the potential moderating role of health self-efficacy in the identification and prevention of suicide among cancer patients.

scholarly journals Evaluation of community-based disease surveillance systems for priority disease detection in Nairobi County Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4692
Author(s):  
Annastacia Katuvee Muange ◽  
John Kariuki ◽  
James Mwitari
Keyword(s):  
Community Involvement ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Community based disease surveillance (CBDS) may be defined as an active process of community involvement in identification, reporting, responding to and monitoring diseases and public health events of concern in the community. The scope of CBS is limited to systematic continuous collection of health data on events and diseases guided by simplified lay case definitions and reporting to health facilities for verification, investigation, collation, analysis and response as necessary.Methods: A cross sectional study design, interventions study program was adopted to determine the effectiveness of CBDS in detecting of priority diseases. Purposive and random sampling methods was employed to select the respondents.Results: The results of the study assisted the Ministry of health to understand the effectiveness of Community based surveillance in detection of priority diseases and hence strengthen the community-based surveillance initiative. From the findings, the integrated disease surveillance data for five years from 2014-2018 shows, more cases of priority diseases reported in health facilities linked to a community unit trained on CBDS. Cholera (9/5), Malaria (4757/2789), Neonatal tetanus (27/3) respectively.Conclusions: The study concluded that, use of community-based surveillance system, improves detection of the notifiable diseases in the community. The study revealed that there is a gap on training of community-based disease surveillance system and therefore there is need for continuous refresher trainings on CBDS to the CHVs and CHAs to accommodate also the newly recruited.

scholarly journals Chikungunya: important lessons from the Jamaican experience

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Duncan ◽  
Kelly Ann Gordon-Johnson ◽  
Marshall K Tulloch-Reid ◽  
Colette Cunningham-Myrie ◽  
Kacey Ernst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Viral Illness ◽  
Health Organization

Objectives. To describe the clinical presentation of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) illness in adults during the 2014 outbreak in Jamaica and to determine the predictive value of the case definition. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted using clinical data from suspected cases of CHIKV that were reported to the Ministry of Health in April – December 2014. In addition, charts were reviewed of all individuals over 15 years of age with suspected CHIKV based on a diagnosis of CHIKV or “acute viral illness” that presented to four major health centers in Jamaica during the week prior to and the peak week of the epidemic. Data abstracted from these charts using a modified CHIKV Case Investigation Form included demographics, clinical findings, and laboratory tests. Results. In 2014, the Ministry of Health of Jamaica received 4 447 notifications of CHIKV infection. PCR testing was conducted on 137 suspected CHIKV cases (56 men and 81 women; median age 28 years) and was positive for 89 (65%) persons. In all, 205 health charts were identified that met the selection criteria (51 men and 154 women, median age 43 years). The most commonly reported symptoms were arthralgia (86%) and fever (76%). Of those who met the epidemiologic case definition for CHIKV as defined by the Pan American Health Organization, only 34% had this diagnosis recorded. Acute viral illness was the most frequently recorded diagnosis (n = 79; 58%). Conclusions. Broader case definitions for acute CHIKV illness may be needed to identify suspected cases during an outbreak. Standardized data collection forms and validation of case definitions may be useful for future outbreaks.

scholarly journals Characterization ofMycobacterium bovisfrom Humans and Cattle in Namwala District, Zambia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney Malama ◽  
Tone Bjordal Johansen ◽  
John Bwalya Muma ◽  
Musso Munyeme ◽  
Grace Mbulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem in Zambia. While human to human transmission ofMycobacterium tuberculosisis of major importance in driving the tuberculosis epidemic, the impact ofMycobacterium bovistransmission from infected cattle is largely unknown. This cross-sectional study aimed at molecular characterization ofM. bovisin humans and cattle. A total of 100 human sputum samples and 67 bovine tissues were collected and analyzed for the presence of mycobacteria. Of 65 human samples that harbored acid fast bacteria (AFB), 55 isolates were obtained of which 34 were identified asM. tuberculosisand 2 asM. bovis. AFB-positive bovine samples (n=67) yielded 47 mycobacterial isolates among which 25 were identified asM. bovisand noM. tuberculosiswas found. Among theM. bovisisolates, spoligotyping revealed a high homogeneity in genotypes circulating in Namwala district. Human and cattle isolates shared identical MIRU-VNTR genotypes, suggesting that transmission between the two hosts may occur. Therefore, this study has documented zoonotic TB in human patients in Namwala district of Zambia. However, further molecular epidemiological studies in the study area are recommended.

scholarly journals NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AND PAKISTAN’S SEHAT SAHULAT PROGRAM: A SNAPSHOT ANALYSIS OF READMISSIONS IN ISLAMABAD CAPITAL TERRITORY

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1534-38
Author(s):  
Syed Fawad Mashhadi ◽  
Saira Maroof ◽  
Aliya Hisam ◽  
Sumaira Masood ◽  
Sonia Riaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To examine the impact of 30-day hospital readmission for non-communicable diseases on limited health-care resources of a low-income country like Pakistan in the light of available data from Pakistan’s Sehat Sahulat Program. Study Design: Retrospective analytical cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Health Services Academy, Islamabad Pakistan, from Jan 2016 to Jul 2020. Methodology: Secondary data of patients readmitted with non-communicable diseases in Sehat Sahulat Program, Islamabad, Pakistan. Universal sampling technique was utilized. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 27. Results: Islamabad (ICT) stands second highest for readmissions (n=1270) in which the 30-days readmission rate was 13.69%. Maximum number of readmissions were found in 50-59 years (344, 27.12%). Of 1270 ICT readmissions, 559 (44%) cases were readmitted with non-communicable diseases while rest of 711 (56%) cases were readmitted for acute infectious diseases or surgical procedures. Of 559 non-communicable diseases cases, 236 (42.21%) readmissions were having one non-communicable disease, 63 (11.27%) readmissions exhibited two or more non-communicable diseases and 260 (46.51%) were readmitted because of cancers (CA). Among males, the most common malignancy was CA lungs/ bronchus 24 (19.8%) while among females, CA Breast 80 (56.3%). Conclusion: Non-communicable diseases represent a significant burden on resource constrained, low-income countries. In view of the recurrent admissions that these chronic diseases inevitably incur, better resource allocation may help lessen this burden on fragile health systems creating better clinical outcomes for the penurious strata of Pakistan’s population.

scholarly journals The Impact of Top Management Team Diversity on Firm Performance: A Study of Large Companies in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Sreedevi Shammugam ◽  
Maran Marimuthu
Keyword(s):  
Top Management Team ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Top Management Teams ◽  
Management Team ◽  
Top Management ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Team Diversity ◽  
The Impact

The current economic climate has changed the landscape of business dramatically in the perspective of global environment. Hence, in order to respond for the global changes in term of economic, social, politic and technology, organization should enhance the right mix of top management teams (TMT) for current and future progression and growth of the organization. Diversity of top management team plays an important role to determine the performance of the organization. This conceptual paper is to examine the impact of top management team diversity traits on firm performance. The study will adopt quantitative research design with secondary data, for the average of five years. Secondary data mainly involves financial data that will be obtained financial databases such as DATASTREAM based on 200 nonfinancial large companies in Malaysia. The multiple regression analysis and cross-sectional study will be used to test the hypothesis. Issues surrounding top management team’s diversity, upper echelon theories and the mixed findings from previous research are offered as potential avenues for empirical research. Therefore, the line of inquiries needs a fundamental work and empirical analysis using above methodology. The preliminary results leading toward for a better understanding of the factor that explains how top management diversity translates into greater organizational achievements and argues the need to analyse the characteristics of top management teams and their composition more extensively, especially in the context of large companies. This is a cross-sectional study, variables, concepts, constructs and hypotheses will be carefully constructed and developed to meet the objectives of the study. Multivariate analyses will be adopted, and in this regard, panel data analyses using the E- VIEW/STATA statistical software will be used to suit the requirement of considering both crosssectional and time series data in the analyses.

scholarly journals Validation of the ISAAC Standardized Questionnaire Used by Schoolchildren from Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Gorozave-Car ◽  
Albino Barraza-Villarreal ◽  
Consuelo Escamilla-Núñez ◽  
Leticia Hernandez-Cadena ◽  
Luz Helena Sanín-Aguirre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Testing ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background. In Mexico, several studies have been conducted under the ISAAC methodology; nevertheless, no validation studies of the ISAAC questionnaire based on objective clinical testing in our country have been published. Aims of the Study. To validate the ISAAC questionnaire, used in a study of prevalence of allergic diseases, based on medical, respiratory, and allergic evaluations of schoolchildren being 11 to 16 years old in Mexicali, Mexico. Material and Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study to validate the ISAAC questionnaire through the generation of an index (considered as gold standard) using pre- and postbronchodilator spirometry test, exhaled nitric oxide measurements, and atopic evaluations. 114 schoolchildren were included (23 asthmatics with respiratory symptoms and 91 nonasthmatics without respiratory symptoms) and we evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of the questionnaire using discriminant analysis. Results. We observed sensitivity of 35.2% and specificity of 93.3% and the positive and negative predictive values were 82.6% and 61.5%, respectively. Conclusions. Our findings indicate that the ISAAC Mexican version questionnaire was less sensitive and more specific when compared to the gold standard; however, it is adequate and able to discriminate children with and without asthma and a useful tool to use in epidemiological studies.

The impact of alternative diagnoses on the utility of influenza-like illness case definition to detect the 2009 H1N1 pandemic

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dino P. Rumoro, DO, FACEP ◽  
Jamil D. Bayram, MD, MPH, EMDM, MEd ◽  
Julio C. Silva, MD, MPH ◽  
Shital C. Shah, PhD ◽  
Marilyn M. Hallock, MD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Influenza Like Illness ◽  
Public Health Reporting ◽  
2009 H1n1 ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To investigate the impact of excluding cases with alternative diagnoses on the sensitivity and specificity of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) influenza-like illness (ILI) case definition in detecting the 2009 H1N1 influenza, using Geographic Utilization of Artificial Intelligence in Real-Time for Disease Identification and Alert Notification, a disease surveillance system.Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study design.Setting: Emergency department of an urban tertiary care academic medical center.Patients: 1,233 ED cases, which were tested for respiratory viruses from September 5, 2009 to May 5, 2010.Main Outcome Measure: The main outcome measures were positive predictive value, negative predictive value, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the ILI case definition (both including and excluding alternative diagnoses) to detect H1N1.Results: There was a significant decrease in sensitivity (χ2 = 9.09, p 0.001) and significant improvement in specificity (χ2 = 179, p 0.001), after excluding cases with alternative diagnoses.Conclusion: When early detection of an influenza epidemic is of prime importance, pursuing alternative diagnoses as part of CDC’s ILI case definition may not be warranted for public health reporting due to the significant decrease in sensitivity, in addition to the resources required for detecting these alternative diagnoses.

scholarly journals In the Absence of Effective Malaria Parasite Sentinel System: A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess Prevalence of Plasmodium Spp Infection and Malaria Among Patients at Federal Medical Centre Birnin-Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Oluwatosin Olaosebikan ◽  
Olatunji Alabi ◽  
Kabiru Hussaini ◽  
A. Abiodun Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Plasmodium Malariae ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Local knowledge of the prevalence, burden and features of diseases as well as effective disease surveillance system to identifying population at risk are important at achieving malaria elimination of the National Malaria Strategic Plan (2014-2020). Methods: The study utilized a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive data collected from January to December, 2018 to determine the prevalence of malaria parasite infection and prevalent Plasmodium spp infection among different age groups and sexes among patients attending Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State,Nigeria . We analysed secondary data of hospital records of 5,645 feverish patients attending general out patients’ department and medical laboratory department at the study area. Blood samples from the patients were collected and examined using thin and thick-blood smear slides technique for the presence or absence of parasites. Stained slides were examined using two levels of examination by trained microscopists and WHO certified expert microscopists as validators. Results: The prevalence of malaria parasite in the study area was 17.1%. P.falciparum was the most prevalent species of malaria parasite (99.69%) among the positive cases in the study area, while P.malariae was identified in 3 of the positive slides representing 0.31% case. Malaria positivity was highest (52.49%) among children aged 0-10years. Test of association between malaria positivity and patients’ age was statistically significant (p<0.05). Among patients who tested positive to malaria parasite, more than half (53.37%) of them were females. Conclusion: Presence of Plasmodium malariae may be indicative of trans-border transmission of the disease due to the proximity of the study area to international border and thus calls for effective malaria parasite surveillance system and further inter boarder research.

scholarly journals The Impact of Haze on Healthcare Utilizations for Acute Respiratory Diseases: Evidence From Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiz Jaafar ◽  
Amirah Azzeri ◽  
Marzuki Isahak ◽  
Maznah Dahlui
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Acute Respiratory Diseases ◽  
The Impact

Haze imposes a substantial disease burden on the human population especially in the Southeast Asia region due to the high frequency of haze episodes. The reduction of air quality levels by haze has resulted in a substantial disease burden and an increase in healthcare utilization (HU). This study aims to determine the association between haze and HU of haze-related respiratory illnesses with a focus given on the acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma (AEBA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). A cross-sectional study was conducted through secondary data collection of haze/non-haze episodes as the study exposures and HU related to the exacerbation of bronchial asthma and COPD as the study outcomes. Data on haze/non-haze episodes and HU for four consecutive years (2012–2015) were retrieved from the Department of Environment and Ministry of Health Malaysia, respectively. In the four consecutive years, the percentage of haze episodes recorded in all stations was higher (67%) as compared to non-haze (33%) episodes. Means (SD) of patients diagnosed with AEBA and AECOPD were also significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) for inpatient 74 (62.1) and outpatient 320 (650.1) cases during haze episodes as compared to inpatient 34 (16.5) and outpatient 146 (170.5) cases during non-haze episodes. Findings from this study indicated that haze episodes incurred a significant healthcare burden due to an increase in HU. The evidence from this study will help the policymakers to prepare and allocate resources to control future implications of haze-related illnesses.

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