Morphological, Cytochemical and Ultrastructural Aspects of Blood Cells in Freshwater Stingray Species in the Middle Rio Negro Basin, Amazonian, Brazil

Abstract Examined the morphology, dimensions, cytochemical staining reactions and ultrastructure of blood cells from three freshwater stingray species, Potamotrygon wallacei, Potamotrygon motoro and Paratrygon aiereba, living in the waters of the middle Rio Negro basin (Barcelos, Amazonas, Brazil). We identified erythrocytes, erythroblasts, thrombocytes and four types of leukocyte (basophils, heterophils, lymphocytes and monocytes) in the blood of these stingray species. In all the freshwater stingrays studied, the shape and dimensions of these cells were similar to those of marine elasmobranchs. A positive PAS reaction occurred in heterophils and thrombocytes, and a weak reaction in lymphocytes and monocytes, while a metachromasia reaction only occurred in basophils. Sudan black staining was positive for thrombocytes and lymphocytes, and only a weak reaction occurred in heterophils. Basophils and heterophils were the only cells stained with bromophenol blue, while no peroxidase reaction was observed in any leukocyte type. This is the first study to establish the dimensions and cytochemical staining reactions of blood cells in Amazonian stingray species. Since these elasmobranch species are exported as ornamental fish to countries worldwide, this study can contribute towards establishing standards for blood constituents that may be helpful in assessing the health and welfare of these fish in artificial systems.

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Morphological, cytochemical and ultrastructural aspects of blood cells in freshwater stingray species in the middle Rio Negro basin of Amazonian Brazil

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-95183-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Adriano Teixeira de Oliveira ◽

Jefferson Raphael Gonzaga de Lemos ◽

Marcio Quara de Carvalho Santos ◽

Jackson Pantoja-Lima ◽

Paulo Henrique Rocha Aride ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cells ◽

Blue Staining ◽

Bromophenol Blue ◽

Cytochemical Staining ◽

Blood Constituents ◽

Sudan Black B ◽

Rio Negro ◽

Weak Staining ◽

Freshwater Stingray ◽

Rio Negro Basin

AbstractIn the present work, we examined the morphology, dimensions, cytochemical staining reactions and ultrastructure of blood cells from three freshwater stingray species, Potamotrygon wallacei, Potamotrygon motoro and Paratrygon aiereba, living in the waters of the middle Rio Negro basin (Barcelos, Amazonas, Brazil). We identified erythrocytes, erythroblasts, thrombocytes and four types of leukocytes (basophils, heterophils, lymphocytes and monocytes) in the blood of these stingray species. In all the freshwater stingray species studied, the shapes and dimensions of these cells were similar to those of marine elasmobranchs. Positive PAS staining occurred in heterophils and thrombocytes, and weak staining occurred in lymphocytes and monocytes, while metachromasia only occurred in basophils. Positive Sudan Black B staining was observed in thrombocytes and lymphocytes, and weak staining occurred in heterophils. Basophils and heterophils were the only cells with positive bromophenol blue staining, while no peroxidase staining was observed in any of the four leukocyte types. This is the first study to establish the dimensions and cytochemical staining profiles of blood cells in Amazonian stingray species. Because these elasmobranch species are exported as ornamental fish to countries worldwide, this study can contribute to establishing standards for blood constituents that may be helpful in assessing the health and welfare of these fish in artificial systems.

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Cyrilia sp. (Apicomplexa: Haemogregarinidae) in the Amazonian freshwater stingray Potamotrygon wallacei (cururu stingray) in different hydrological phases of the Rio Negro

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.00416 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

pp. 413-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. T. Oliveira ◽

M. L. G. Araújo ◽

J. Pantoja-Lima ◽

P. H. R. Aride ◽

M. Tavares-Dias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Cycle ◽

Natural Habitats ◽

Fluvial Systems ◽

Drought Period ◽

Negro River ◽

Rio Negro ◽

Blood Smears ◽

Freshwater Stingray ◽

Hydrological Cycles ◽

Rio Negro Basin

Abstract Intraerythrocytic parasites are frequently found in fish, including elasmobranchs. The Amazonian rivers present well defined annual hydrological cycles that results in drastic modifications of the environmental conditions with deep implications in the life cycle of the whole associated biota in those fluvial systems. The freshwater stingray Potamotrygon wallacei (stingray cururu) is a new species restricted to the Middle Rio Negro basin and it is subject to strong alterations in their natural habitats (igapós) a result of the constant variations in the water level of Rio Negro. This work demonstrates the occurrence of intraerythrocytic parasite Cyrilia sp. in this stingray species. Additionally, the prevalence and quantification of hemoparasites in different phases of Rio Negro were also established. Field sampling was carried in the Archipelago of Mariuá, Middle Rio Negro, involving different stages of the water cycle. The intraerythrocytic parasites were quantified by direct counting in blood smears using a total counting of 2000 erythrocytes in each blood smear. The presence of parasites intraerythrocytic generates changes in the morphology of blood cell. The largest amount of the hemoparasites was recorded in the drought period. We observed a decreasing tendency in the number of parasites in the blood between the drought periods and inundation. We concluded that the level of Negro River influences the incidence of intraerythrocytic parasites in the cururu stingray and the drought represents the period of larger susceptibility to the infestation.

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The First Botanical Exploration to the Upper Cuiarí (Cuyarí) and Isana Rivers, Upper Río Negro Basin, Guainía Department, Colombia

Harvard Papers in Botany ◽

10.3100/hpib.v24iss2.2019.n3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 83

Author(s):

Henry Arellano-P. ◽

Germán Bernal-Gutiérrez ◽

Albeiro Calero-Cayopare ◽

Francisco Castro-L. ◽

Adela Lozano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Botanical Exploration ◽

Rio Negro ◽

Rio Negro Basin

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Effects of charging on the chromophores of dissolved organic matter from the Rio Negro basin

Water Research ◽

10.1016/j.watres.2014.03.044 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 59 ◽

pp. 154-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Mingquan Yan ◽

Gregory V. Korshin ◽

Francis Claret ◽

Jean-Philippe Croué ◽

Massimiliano Fabbricino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Dissolved Organic Matter ◽

Rio Negro ◽

Rio Negro Basin

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Evaluation of the effect of an extract of sabugueiro (Sambucus australis) on the labeling of blood constituents with technetium-99m

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132007000600020 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 50 (spe) ◽

pp. 161-166

Author(s):

Camila Godinho Ribeiro ◽

Bernardo Machado Rebello ◽

Rosane de Figueiredo Neves ◽

Sebastião David Santos-Filho ◽

Adenilson de Souza da Fonseca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Medicine ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Trichloroacetic Acid ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Chemical Substances ◽

Blood Constituents ◽

Technetium 99M

Sambucus australis (sabugueiro) has been used to treat inflammatory and rheumatologic disorders. Blood constituents labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc) have been used in nuclear medicine to obtain diagnostic images. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of a sabugueiro extract on the labeling of blood cells with 99mTc. Blood samples from Wistar rats were incubated with sabugueiro extract and the radiolabeling assay of blood constituents was carried out. After centrifugation, samples of plasma and blood cells were separated. Aliquots of plasma and blood cells were precipitated with trichloroacetic acid and centrifuged to isolate soluble and insoluble fractions. The radioactivity in each fraction was counted and the percentage of activity (%ATI) was determined. Incubation with sabugueiro extract altered significantly (p<0.05) the %ATI incorporated to the blood constituents. These results could be explained due the presence of chemical substances in the sabugueiro extract that present redox and/or chelating action altering the labeling of the blood constituents with 99mTc.

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Effects of clove (Caryophyllus aromaticus L.) on the labeling of blood constituents with technetium-99m and on the morphology of red blood cells

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132007000600022 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 50 (spe) ◽

pp. 175-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Severo de Paoli ◽

Tania Santos Giani ◽

Giuseppe Antonio Presta ◽

Marcia Oliveira Pereira ◽

Adenilson de Souza da Fonseca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Red Blood Cells ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Cellular Membrane ◽

Area Ratio ◽

Morphometric Parameter ◽

Blood Constituents ◽

Technetium 99M ◽

Clinical Procedures ◽

Clove Extract ◽

Blood Fraction

Clove (Caryophyllus aromaticus L.) has been used for clinical procedures. Blood constituents labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc) are used in nuclear medicine. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of clove extract on the labeling blood constituents with 99mTc and on the morphology of red blood cells. Blood samples were incubated with clove, stannous chloride and 99mTc. Plasma, blood cells, insoluble fractions of plasma and blood cells were separated. The radioactivity was counted and percentage of radioactivity (%ATI) to each blood fraction was calculated. The shape and morphometric parameter (perimeter/area ratio) were evaluated. Clove extract altered significantly (p<0.05) the %ATI of blood constituents and the shape of red blood cells without modifying the perimeter/area ratio. The results indicate that clove extract presents chemical compounds that interfere with the radiolabeling of blood constituents and alter the morphology of red blood cells by oxidative/chelating actions or interacting with the cellular membrane structure.

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Hematological and cytochemical characteristics of peripheral blood cells in the argus snakehead (Ophiocephalus argus Cantor)

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11234 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11234

Author(s):

Xue Wang ◽

Zhengjie Wu ◽

Shengmei Wu ◽

Xianxian Chen ◽

Misbah Hanif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Blood ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Large Scale ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Economic Value ◽

Chloroacetic Acid ◽

Peripheral Blood Cells ◽

Cytochemical Staining ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Natural Defense

Background The argus snakehead (Ophiocephalus argus Cantor) is a highly nutritious, freshwater, cultured bony fish with a high economic value. The health of the fish is closely related to its blood cells, which are critical for oxygen transport, natural defense, and immunity. We investigated the morphometry, microstructure, and cytochemical characteristics of the peripheral blood cells of O. argus. Our results may provide the basic reference values needed to monitor the health of this fish for large-scale cultivation. Methods The number of blood cells in O. argus were counted on a hemocytometer and their size was measured using a micrometer under light microscope. The morphology and classification of the blood cells were studied using Wright’s staining and the cytochemical characteristics were studied using seven chemical stains including peroxidase (POX), Sudan black B (SBB), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), chloroacetic acid AS-D naphthol esterase (AS-D), and α-naphthol acetate esterase (α-NAE). Results The peripheral blood cells in O. argus can be classified as erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes; of which, females had 2.9597 million/mm3, 88,400/mm3, and 43,600/mm3, respectively, and males had 3.0105 million/mm3, 105,500/mm3, and 34,000/mm3, respectively. Leukocytes consisted of neutrophils, monocytes, large lymphocytes, and small lymphocytes. Eosinophils and basophils were not found. Monocytes were the most numerous leukocytes identified, followed by neutrophils and small lymphocytes, while large lymphocytes were the least frequently identified. Cytochemical staining showed that erythrocytes were only positive for PAS staining. Neutrophils were strongly positive for POX, SBB, and ACP, and positive for all the other cytochemical stains. Monocytes were positive for PAS and α-NAE and were weakly positive for ACP and AS-D staining. Large lymphocytes were positive for PAS and were weakly positive for ALP, AS-D, and α-NAE staining. Small lymphocytes were positive for PAS and weakly positive for AS-D and α-NAE staining. Thrombocytes were positive for PAS and were weakly positive for ACP and AS-D, but negative for the remaining cytochemical stains. The morphology of peripheral blood cells in O. argus was generally similar to that of other fish species, while the cytochemical staining patterns showed clear species specificity.

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