scholarly journals Critical Gaps and Implications of Risk Communication in International Agreements: 3 Select Case Studies From Urban Areas in the Tropics of South Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabana Khan ◽  
Jyoti Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract The cost of urban disasters has been consistently increasing, particularly in the cities of developing countries located across the tropics. Among various challenges of disaster risk management and climate change impacts, it is noted that most residents are poorly informed about their risk exposure and apposite response. The paper is based on the premise that one important cause for this gap is inadequate emphasis on risk communication at different levels of planning and agreements. Accordingly, it highlights some important gaps in the risk communication across international agreements including Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and evaluates their impacts at the local level. It brings three select urban case studies located in the tropical areas of South Asia region that illustrate contradiction and chaos that results from inadequate stress on risk communication at the global level. The findings are based on secondary data and literature focusing on global agreements, risk communication, and disaster response. The paper argues that even though global strategies address urban risks, the fragmented nature of risk communication results in poor response and contributes to losses that occur in disasters. It suggests a need to address risk communication as a priority for dealing with risks at different scales. There is also a need to redefine risk communication that extends beyond warning generation and considers multiple factors influencing response including interlinked vulnerabilities, and variations emerging from varied geographical, socio-cultural, economic, and political processes.

scholarly journals Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR): a Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Davey
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
United Nations General ◽  
The Impact

Climate change adaptation and mitigation measures a complicated process and community livelihoods are being seriously impacted. The current local community reality is that climate change and associated disasters are becoming more intense, unpredictable, frequent and costly impacting on rural and urban areas. Disaster Risk Reduction is very important. United Nations General Assembly already set the global policy with the hope that the impact of future disaster events on the community is substantially reduced. Solutions to internal refugee crises start at the local level and require that everyone plays a part: every city, every neighbourhood including farming areas, and every individual can contribute. Leaders must create spaces where everyone can live in safety, become self-reliant, and contribute to and participate in their local community, and not allow people to shift into slum areas after disasters strike. The UNISDR suggests community’s use of the recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction phases after a disaster to increase the resilience of nations and communities; through integrating disaster risk reduction measures into the restoration of physical infrastructure and societal systems, and into the revitalization of livelihoods, economies, and the environment.

European cities facing climate change: water management issue

BUILDER ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (7) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Sebastian Dziedzic ◽  
Agata Twardoch
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Management ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Management Issue ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Integrated Approaches

The article provides an overview of spatial and legal solutions related to the issue of water management in cities in the context of climate change. The aim of the research is to identify the main differences between the traditional and integrated approaches to water-related infrastructure based on case studies of European Cities at different scales. Gathering, ordering and comparing adequate solutions will allow to establish guidelines for the development of Polish cities and point out directions for architects and urban planners designing urban spaces. The comparison of good examples with theory would make it possible to verify whether practise corresponds with theory, and whether it can actually - through the synergy of measures – bring new quality to urban areas.

scholarly journals Enhancing resilience through capacity building in LCCAP formulation in the local government of Aurora, Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M. Pulhin ◽  
Maricel A. Tapia-Villamayor ◽  
Catherine L. de Luna ◽  
Rex Victor O. Cruz ◽  
Aileen S. Peria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Collaborative Advantage

Climate Disaster Risk Assessment (CDRA) and Local Climate Change Action Plan (LCCAP) provide the scientific and legal platform for climate change adaptation and mitigation in the Philippines. This APN CAPaBLE project responds to the limited technical capacity of local government units (LGUs) to comply with this requirement through collaborative capacity building. Evaluation of CDRA and LCCAP led to a National Interagency Technical and Policy Forum to formulate action plans and fast-track preparations. The initial stage of the project demonstrated collaborative advantage as a condition for mobilizing human and financial resources was enabled. Collaborative inertia set in once the technical limitations of Aurora LGUs surfaced to complete the CDRA. This mirrored the results of the institutional capacity survey, administered to 87 disaster risk reduction and management Technical Working Group (TWG) members, highlighting the LGUs limitations in data availability and functional knowledge on climate change. Thus, a shift in capacity building strategy through focused mentoring and managing LGU expectations was done. The Aurora LGUs successfully completed its CDRA and LCCAP requirements through a lengthy and arduous process. It was acknowledged that CDRA preparation has a steep learning curve and competes heavily with other multiple functions and pressing demands from the LGUs. The national interagency forum resolution suggested that the CDRA be assigned to another government agency while LGUs shift capacity development initiatives to understanding and mainstreaming scientific assessment into local plans. The project experience highlights the difficult, yet promising, path to human security development and resilience building and underscored prudence and urgency of adaptation planning at the local level.

scholarly journals Uncovering ‘Community’: Challenging an Elusive Concept in Development and Disaster Related Work

Societies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Titz ◽  
Terry Cannon ◽  
Fred Krüger
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Practical Work ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The People ◽  
Inherent Ambiguity ◽  
Elusive Concept

In all areas of academic or practical work related to disaster risk, climate change and development more generally, community and its adjunct community-based have become the default terminology when referring to the local level or working ‘with the people’. The terms are applied extensively to highlight what is believed to be a people-centred, participatory, or grassroot-level approach. Today, despite, or because of, its inherent ambiguity, ‘community’ tends to be used almost inflationarily. This paper aims to analyse the way the concept of ‘community’ has come into fashion, and to critically reflect on the problems that come with it. We are raising significant doubts about the usefulness of ‘community’ in development- and disaster-related work. Our approach is to first consider how ‘community’ has become popular in research and with humanitarian agencies and other organisations based on what can be considered a ‘moral licence’ that supposedly guarantees that the actions being taken are genuinely people-centred and ethically justified. We then explore several theoretical approaches to ‘community’, highlight the vast scope of different (and contested) views on what ‘community’ entails, and explain how ‘community’ is framing practical attempts to mitigate vulnerability and inequity. We demonstrate how these attempts are usually futile, and sometimes harmful, due to the blurriness of ‘community’ concepts and their inherent failure to address the root causes of vulnerability. From two antagonistic positions, we finally advocate more meaningful ways to acknowledge vulnerable people’s views and needs appropriately.

Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation in South Asia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihir Bhatt ◽  
Ronak B. Patel ◽  
Kelsey Gleason ◽  
Mehul Pandya
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
The Impact

Both the impact and the frequency of natural disasters and extreme events in South Asia are steadily increasing due to growing exposure and vulnerability. These vulnerabilities are compounded by fast economic growth and an increase in natural disasters across the region. Disaster losses in South Asia are rising and are felt across many domains. From the formal to the informal economy, natural disasters have increasingly strong impacts in terms of lives lost, social impact, and impediments to growth. New challenges in disaster risk reduction are emerging due to an increase in the duration and frequency of natural disaster events attributable to climate change. Though both climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction efforts exist to some degree throughout South Asia, integrating climate change adaptation into disaster risk reduction is critical to successful and inclusive growth of economies in the region. Challenges remain, and national and subnational governments are making some progress in policies aimed at both climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. However, many of these efforts are planned, designed, and implemented separately, with limited understanding of how disaster and climate risk are linked. Moreover, progress is hindered by poor understanding of how integration of these concepts can result in better governance of risk in South Asia. Additionally, political will, capacity constraints, and institutional barriers must be overcome. Efforts by the international community are making progress in unifying these concepts, yet gaps and challenges still exist. The benefits of converging climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction in Asia are significant, from minimizing climate-related losses to more efficient use of limited resources and more effective and sustainable development.

scholarly journals Climate Change and Conservation Biology as it Relates to Urban Environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Noll ◽  
Michael Goldsby
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Conservation Biology ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Urban Contexts

Climate change continues to have recognizable impacts across the globe, as weather patterns shift and impacts accumulate and intensify. In this wider context, urban areas face significant challenges as they attempt to mitigate dynamic changes at the local level — changes such as those caused by intensifying weather events, the disruption of critical supplies, and the deterioration of local ecosystems. One field that could help urban areas address these challenges is conservation biology. However, this paper presents the argument that work in urban contexts may be especially difficult for conservation biologists. In light of current climate change predictions, conservation biology may need to abandon some of its core values in favor of commitments guiding urban ecology. More broadly, this essay aims to reconcile the goals of restoration and conservation, by reconceptualizing what an ecosystem is, in the context of a world threatened by global climate change.

scholarly journals Urban Sustainability and Resilience Governance: Review from The Perspective of Climate Change Adaptation And Disaster Risk Reduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-98
Author(s):  
Novi Maulida Ni'mah ◽  
Muhammad Sani Roychansyah ◽  
Bambang Hari Wibisono
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Policy Formulation

The imperative of ‘making cities resilient and sustainable’ necessitates cities to develop adaptation concepts and practices in response to the uncertainty, rapid change, and complexity of urban areas. A new concept of governance that can answer the challenges of contemporary urban development and ensure long-term sustainable development is required. This study aimed to identify the general framework of adaptive urban governance by review, elaboration, and analysis of documents, in this case, scientific articles that discuss urban governance specifically related to climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR). The results of this study include an overview of governance approaches appearing in the literature on CCA and DRR, which was parsed down to the adaptive and anticipatory approaches. Adaptive governance requires the principle of flexibility applied in the management cycle in policy formulation, while anticipatory governance requires the principle of proactivity with the application of future foresight in policy formulation. The dimension of governance consists of process/mechanism (risk management) and capacity (technical, institutional, financial, and human capacity). Some challenges in building good governance based on an adaptive approach are encouraging community involvement, increasing local government capacities, and building integration between actors, networks, and collaborations.   Abstrak. Dalam menjadikan suatu kota tangguh dan berkelanjutan,  kota diharuskan untuk mengembangkan konsep dan praktik adaptasi dalam menanggapi ketidakpastian, perubahan yang cepat, dan kompleksitas kawasan perkotaan. Diperlukan konsep tata kelola baru yang dapat menjawab tantangan pembangunan perkotaan kontemporer dan memastikan pembangunan berkelanjutan jangka panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kerangka umum tata kelola kota adaptif dengan metode review, elaborasi, dan analisis dokumen, dalam hal ini artikel ilmiah yang membahas tentang tata kelola kota secara khusus terkait dengan adaptasi perubahan iklim (CCA) dan pengurangan risiko bencana (PRB). Hasil penelitian ini meliputi gambaran pendekatan tata kelola yang muncul dalam literatur CCA dan PRB, yang diuraikan menjadi pendekatan adaptif dan antisipatif. Tata kelola adaptif membutuhkan prinsip fleksibilitas yang diterapkan dalam siklus pengelolaan dalam perumusan kebijakan, sedangkan tata kelola antisipatif membutuhkan prinsip proaktif dengan penerapan pandangan jauh ke depan dalam perumusan kebijakan. Dimensi tata kelola terdiri dari proses / mekanisme (manajemen risiko) dan kapasitas (teknis, kelembagaan, keuangan, dan kapasitas manusia). Beberapa tantangan dalam membangun tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik berdasarkan pendekatan adaptif adalah mendorong keterlibatan masyarakat, meningkatkan kapasitas pemerintah daerah, dan membangun integrasi antar aktor, jaringan, dan kolaborasi.   Kata kunci: pendekatan tata kelola; tata kelola kota; pembangunan berkelanjutan; ketahanan; kerangka konseptual.

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