scholarly journals Influence of Organic Ammonium Derivatives on the Equilibria Between of NH4+, NO2- and NO3- Ions in River Waters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petru Spataru
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonium Ion ◽  
Organic Radical ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Carbon Radicals ◽  
Organic Amines

Abstract The braking effect of the ammonium derivatives on the natural aquatic environment varies dramatically with the number and nature of organic radical substitutions at nitrogen atom, particularly with their structure, composition and genesis. The most common discrepancy in their toxic effect are showing the natural and synthetic amines. For instance, the values of the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) of the derivatives of the natural origin for drinking water exceed the MAC of the synthetic ones by two orders. On the other hand, it has been found out that 1- naphtylamine (1-NA) inhibitory effect is associated to its toxicity. The Diethylamine (DEA) braking impact on the nitrification process is effectively lower than that of the toxicity. Our experiments show that the carbon-radicals of organic amines act as reducing agents. It is found that DEA decomposition leads to a high NH4+ ions (approx. 3.8 mg/L ammonium nitrogen) concentration in river water samples. By laboratory simulations two types of fixations by microbial organisms have been established: 1) absorption-desorption, the hydromicrobiotic reaction to ammonium (HMBRA) at the instantaneous increase of the concentration of ammonium ion in the river water (so-called shock/stress effect); 2) nitrogen fixation stimulated by a certain concentration (0.05mg/L) of a 1-NA and other amines.

scholarly journals REMOVAL OF AMMONIUM IONS FROM DIGESTED SLUDGE FUGATE BY USING NATURAL ZEOLITE

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aušra MAŽEIKIENĖ ◽  
Marina VALENTUKEVIčIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonium Ion ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Ion Removal ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Sludge Digestion

Wastewater treatment loadings with total nitrogen can increased by introducing fugate that is saturated with ammonium ions, generated when dewatering wastewater treatment sludge. In this article the possibility to reduce the concentration of ammonium ions in the fugate by the use of natural zeolite (Transcarpatian clinoptilolite) has been analysed. Lab-scale experiments were carried out with different particle sizes zeolite: 0.8–1.6 mm, 1.6–2.5 mm and 2.5–3.2 mm. At the first stage of the experiments, zeolite particles were mixed with fugate and left to settle until a 99% efficiency of ammonium ion removal was achieved. At the second stage, ammonium ions were removed from the fugate by filtering this liquid through zeolite where the 70–92% efficiency was achieved. Zeolite saturated with ammonium ions possibly can be used in agriculture as nitrogenous fertilizers. Obtained fertilizer grade of zeolite saturated with fugate can also be produced from the high ammonium nitrogen concentration side-streams separated from wastewater flow from sludge digestion processes.

Nitrogen cycling in a Venezuelan tropical seasonally flooded forest: soil nitrogen mineralization and nitrification

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barrios E. ◽  
Herrera R.
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Flooded Forest ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Minimum Stress ◽  
Seasonally Flooded

ABSTRACTSeasonally flooded forests represent a transition between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The Mapire river, a tributary of the Orinoco river, floods its surrounding forests during the wet season (May–December). The soils are very acid and the total nitrogen concentration (0.1%) is only half that found in nearby soils flooded by Orinoco waters. Ammonium-nitrogen predominates in the soil during the flooded period while nitrate-nitrogen concentrations are higher in the dry period. Wide fluctuations in the inorganic nitrogen fractions did not considerably affect the annual course of soil nitrogen.The predominance of mineralization versus nitrification (56 and 5 μgsoil month−1respectively) and possibly the synchronization of nitrogen availability with plant demand could be considered as nitrogen conserving mechanisms.In synchrony with the hydrologic cycle, the seasonally flooded forest studied shows a nitrogencycle where inputs and accumulation are maximized when the system is under minimum stress (dry season). During flooding, the system enters a period of dormancy making minimal use of nutrient and energy to avoid or tolerate anaerobiosis.

scholarly journals The effect of lake restoration by the hypolimnetic withdrawal method on the intensity of ambient odour

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Tandyrak ◽  
Iwona Gołaś ◽  
Katarzyna Parszuto ◽  
Magdalena Bowszys ◽  
Daniel Szymański ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Lake Restoration ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Particulate Nitrogen ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Stagnation Period

<p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of lake restoration by the hypolimnetic withdrawal method on the intensity of ambient odour in the vicinity of the pipeline outlet. The study was carried out in 2012-2013 from the beginning of the summer stagnation period in Lake Kortowskie to complete overturn in fall. Samples of river water and ambient air were collected from two sites: near the pipeline outlet (PO) and behind the academic campus (AC). A total of 44 air samples and 44 water samples were analysed. Odour intensity was measured in samples of ambient air. The following physicochemical parameters of water were determined: flow rate, dissolved oxygen (DO), hydrogen sulphide (H<sub>2</sub>S), sulphate (SO<sub>4</sub>), ammonium nitrogen (NH<sub>4</sub>-N), total nitrogen (TN), dissolved nitrogen (DN), total particulate nitrogen (T-PN), total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total particulate organic carbon (T-POC). Water samples were also analysed to determine total bacterial abundance (TBA) and the counts of bacterial rods, cocci and spiral-shaped bacteria, and sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Significant variations in odour intensity were noted between years and sampling sites. Odour was significantly determined by the proportion of lake water in river water. It was also significantly correlated (P&lt;0.01, P&lt;0.001) with most of the analysed physicochemical and microbiological parameters. The multiple regression analysis revealed that odour intensity was influenced directly by TOC and DN and indirectly by H<sub>2</sub>S, NH<sub>4</sub>-N, TBA and counts of SRB,  rod- and spiral-shaped bacteria only in.</p>

The impact of influent total ammonium nitrogen concentration on nitrite-oxidizing bacteria inhibition in moving bed biofilm reactor

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1227-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vojtech Kouba ◽  
Michael Catrysse ◽  
Hana Stryjova ◽  
Ivana Jonatova ◽  
Eveline I. P. Volcke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Total Ammonium ◽  
The Impact

The application of nitrification–denitrification over nitrite (nitritation–denitritation) with municipal (i.e. diluted and cold (or low-temperature)) wastewater can substantially improve the energy balance of municipal wastewater treatment plants. For the accumulation of nitrite, it is crucial to inhibit nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) with simultaneous proliferation of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). The present study describes the effect of the influent total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) concentration on AOB and NOB activity in two moving bed biofilm reactors operated as sequencing batch reactors (SBR) at 15 °C (SBR I) and 21 °C (SBR II). The reactors were fed with diluted reject water containing 600, 300, 150 and 75 mg TAN L−1. The only factor limiting NOB activity in these reactors was the high concentrations of free ammonia and/or free nitrous acid (FNA) during the SBR cycles. Nitrite accumulation was observed with influents containing 600, 300 and 150 mg TAN L−1 in SBR I and 600 and 300 in SBR II. Once nitrate production established in the reactors, the increase of influent TAN concentration up to the original 600 mg TAN L−1 did not limit NOB activity. This was due to the massive development of NOB clusters throughout the biofilm that were able to cope with faster formation of FNA. The results of the fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis preliminarily showed the stratification of bacteria in the biofilm.

Nitrogen removal from water containing high nitrate nitrogen in a paddy field (wetland)

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nakasone ◽  
H. Kuroda ◽  
T. Kato ◽  
T. Tabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
High Nitrogen Concentration

Nowadays, it has become very common to find in Japan that nitrate nitrogen concentrations are very high in spring water and in well water where the land use of a watershed is agricultural. We have often observed around 50 mg/L of nitrate nitrogen in the spring water where we live. Crops produced in those fields are mainly vegetables such as celery, cabbage, lettuce, carrots, and so on. Green tea is also popular in Japan. In order to produce good quality green tea, farmers apply a great amount of nitrogen fertilizer. This amount can reach up to 1,000 kg/ha in some areas, although the average application amounts to 628 kg/ha in Japan. As a result, ground water that is rich in nitrate flows into the river, which results in a high nitrogen concentration in river water and ground water. Further, this causes a low pH in river water in some tributary rivers in Japan, though this kind of case is very rare. We knew from field tests that if water contained a high nitrogen concentration and was introduced into paddy fields, high nitrogen removal would be performed. This paper presents the outline and results of a system on how to remove nitrogen using paddy fields (wetlands). Further, this paper presents the evaluated results of the removal quantity at the watershed level.

Study on the Treatment of Ammona-Nitrogen Wastewater by Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 528-531
Author(s):  
Li Na He ◽  
Hua Ye ◽  
Can Cao ◽  
Ying Fen Li
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Effective Technology ◽  
Magnesium Ammonium ◽  
Natural Water Bodies

Large quantities of ammonia-nitrogen (-N) in wastewater is one of the main causes of eutrophication that endanger both natural water bodies and fresh water seriously. Thus, it is necessary to find an economic and feasible method to remove the ammonium-nitrogen in wastewater before they are returned to the environment. Magnesium ammonium phosphate precipitation method is one of the effective technology of wastewater treatment. In this paper, the influence of initial ammonia-nitrogen concentration, pH, temperature and mole ratio of :NH+4 :Mg2+were studied, What is more, the optimum condition of this process was determined. The results indicated that ammonia-nitrogen concentration is decreased from 1434 mg/L to 95.65 mg/L, and the removal rate reached 93.33% at the optimum conditions, which laying a foundation for the following biochemical treatment.

Assessment of the Еnvironmental Сondition of the Еnvironment in the Аrea of the Vanin Тransport and Industrial Hub (the Coast of the Tatar Strait)

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
L.A. Garetova ◽  
E.L. Imranova ◽  
O.A. Kirienko ◽  
N.K. Fisher ◽  
A.M. Koshelkov
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
Priority Pollutants ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Tatar Strait ◽  
Local Areas ◽  
Iron Manganese

The results of studies of sea and river waters, soils of the territory adjacent to the Vanino transport and industrial hub are presented. Iron, manganese, copper and zinc have been identified as common priority pollutants of sea and river water. The quality of river waters of the Toki and Aya rivers, estimated by 14 hydrochemical indicators, is classified as "polluted". Local areas of peat-bog soil and brown soils belonging to the Toki river catchment area were identified as background areas in the studied territory.

scholarly journals Cryptosporidium genotypes and subtypes distribution in river water in Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 600-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Mahmoudi ◽  
E. Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad ◽  
B. Kazemi ◽  
A. Haghighi ◽  
A. Mirzaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
Cryptosporidium Species ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
Purification Methods ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Little is known about the diversity and public health significance of Cryptosporidium species in river waters in Iran. In the present study, we determined the genotype and subtype distribution of Cryptosporidium spp. in river water samples in Iran. A total of 49 surface water samples were collected from rivers and surface water in Guilan and Tehran provinces during 2009–2010. Water samples were filtrated through a 1.2-μm pore size membrane filter or by Filta-Max filter followed by immunomagnetic separation or sucrose purification methods. Genotype and subtype of Cryptosporidium were identified by sequence analysis of the 18S rRNA and 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) genes, respectively. A total of 24 (48.97%) water samples were positive for Cryptosporidium species by the 18sRNA-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequencing technique. DNA sequencing revealed the presence of five species of Cryptosporidium (C. parvum, C. hominis, C. muris, C. andersoni, and C. canis) in the water samples of the study area and, to our knowledge, the first report of C. muris in Iran. The results of GP60 gene analysis showed that all C. parvum and C. hominis isolates belonged to the IId and Id subtype families, respectively. The investigated river water supplies were heavily contaminated by pathogenic species of Cryptosporidium from humans and livestock. There is potential risk of waterborne cryptosporidiosis in humans and animals.

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