scholarly journals Characteristics of Cuticular Wax and Analysis of Wax Biosynthesis Related Genes in Lanzhou Lily(Lilium Davidii Var. Unicolor) Under Drought Stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenmei Li ◽  
Yajun Wang ◽  
Yubao Zhang ◽  
Zhihong Guo ◽  
Yang Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Cuticular Wax ◽  
Homologous Gene ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Fatty Acid Elongation ◽  
Wax Content ◽  
Wax Crystals ◽  
Lanzhou Lily

Abstract Background: Plant wax is the general term of cuticle lipid components on the outer surface of plant tissue, which is closely related to drought resistance of plants. Lanzhou lily has the characteristics of wide adaptability, strong drought resistance, high ornamental and edible value. Plants were grown under three drought intensity treatments, namely, being watered at intervals of 5, 15, and 25 days. In this study, we analyzed the structure and component of cuticular wax of Lanzhou lily and Tresor under drought stress by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We employed RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to investigate transcriptomic changes in the Lanzhou lily in response to drought stress.Results: In present study, the wax crystals of Lanzhou lily were mainly irregular flakes and filaments, while the wax crystals of Tresor lily were mainly granular. There were four kinds of compounds in the cuticle wax of Lanzhou lily and Tresor lily, which were acids, esters, alkanes and alcohols. Among them, the main components of Lanzhou lily were alkanes, and the content of acids in Tresor lily was more. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that KCS homologous gene TRINITY_ DN101578_ c0_ g3 and TRINITY _ DN98845_ c1_ g2 genes were clustered into one group, TRINITY_ DN95975_ c0_ g3 and dicotyledons were clustered into the same branch. In addition, transcriptome analysis of Lanzhou lily showed that the metabolic pathway of fatty acid elongation was significant under severe drought stress. KCS1, KCS3, KCS6 and KCS11 encoding fatty acid elongation were significantly expressed under moderate drought stress. The expression of MYB96 transcription factor was only significant under severe drought stress. Conclusions: The wax content and components of Lanzhou lily were more than those of Tresor lily. Drought stress increased the wax content of Lanzhou lily and enhanced its drought resistance. Our research has revealed some important significant expression genes not only improved the drought tolerance of Lanzhou lily, but also had high application value in the development of drought tolerant varieties.

Phedimus Aizoon L. Responds to Drought Stress: Growth, Physiological Changes and Mechanism of Drought Resistance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhang Liu ◽  
Zhongqun He ◽  
Yongdong Xie ◽  
Lihong Su ◽  
Ruijie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Moderate Drought ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Mild Drought

Abstract A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the growth, physiological changes and mechanism of drought resistance of Phedimus aizoon L. under different levels of water content .CK: 75% ~ 80% of the MWHC (maximum water holding capacity), Mild drought: 55% ~ 60%, Moderate drought: 40% ~ 45%, Severe drought: 20% ~ 25%.We observed that the plants grew normally in the first two treatments, even the mild drought promoted the growth of the roots. In the last two treatments, drought stress had a significant negative effect on plant growth, at the same time, Phedimus aizoon L. also made positive physiological response to cope with the drought: The aboveground part of the plant (leaf, plant height, stem diameter) was smaller, the waxy layer of the leaves was thickened, the stomata of the leaves were closed during the day, and only a few stomata were opened at night, which proved that the dark reaction cycle metabolism mode of the plant was transformed from C3 cycle to CAM pathway. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT) was continuously increased to alleviate the damage caused by drought. To ensure the relative stability of osmotic potential, the contents of osmoregulation substances such as proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein and trehalose increased correspondingly. But plants have limited regulatory power, with aggravation of drought stress degree and extension of stress time, the MDA content and electrolyte leakage of leaves increased continuously. Observed under electron microscope,the morphology of chloroplast and mitochondria changed and the membrane structure was destroyed. The plant's photosynthetic and respiratory mechanisms are destroyed and the plant gradually die.

scholarly journals Yellow nutsedge WRI3/4-like gene improves drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana by promoting cuticular wax biosynthesis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Cheng ◽  
Shutong Hu ◽  
Yun Han ◽  
Di Xia ◽  
Bang-Lian Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Cuticular Wax ◽  
Expression Data ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Simulated Drought

Abstract Using RACE PCR, full length WRI1-like gene was amplified from yellow nutsedge. Conserved domain and phylogenetic analyses suggested it as WRI3/4-like gene. Tissue-specific expression data showed the highest expression in leaves, followed by roots while the lowest expression was detected in tuber. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing nutsedge WRI3/4-like gene showed significantly improved tolerance to both PEG-simulated drought stress and real dehydration, compared with the wild type (WT). Under normal growth conditions, the expressions of key fatty acid biosynthesis genes was not significantly different between WT and transgenic lines, while the expressions of genes involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis was significantly higher in transgenic lines compared with the WT. The PEG-simulated drought stress did not induce any significant change in the expression of fatty acid and wax biosynthesis genes in WT plants, while the expression of fatty acid and wax biosynthesis genes was significantly increased in transgenic lines compared with WT as well as unstressed transgenic control. The expression of TAG1, the gene involved in triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation, was significantly lower in the transgenic lines than that in the WT in normal growth conditions. Drought stress slightly decreased the expression of TAG1 in the WT, but significantly lowered it in transgenic lines compared with its unstressed transgenic control and WT. Consistent with gene expression data, the cuticular wax content in Arabidopsis leaves was significantly higher in the transgenic lines than in the WT, while the oil content was not significantly different. Our results indicated that WRI3/4-like gene from Cyperus esculentus improves drought tolerance in Arabidopsis probably by promoting cuticular wax biosynthesis and, hence, could be a valuable target for improving drought tolerance in crops through recombinant DNA technology.

scholarly journals Physiological Responses of Contrasting Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids to Repeated Drought

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Kränzlein ◽  
Christoph-Martin Geilfus ◽  
Bastian L. Franzisky ◽  
Xudong Zhang ◽  
Monika A. Wimmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Water Pulse

AbstractMaize is the most important crop worldwide in terms of production and yield, but every year a considerable amount of yield is lost due to drought. The foreseen increase in the number of drought spells due to climate change raises the question whether the ability to recover quickly after a water pulse may be a relevant trait for overall drought resistance. We here address the following hypotheses: (i) different maize hybrids exhibit distinct physiological adaptive responses to drought stress and (ii) these responses affect the ability to recover from the stress. (iii) The relative biomass production of maize hybrids, which show severe drought symptoms but are able to recover quickly after a water pulse, is comparable to those hybrids, which invest more energy into tolerance mechanisms. The physiological responses of eight maize hybrids to repeated drought were elucidated employing physiological parameters such as electrolyte leakage, osmolality, relative water content, growth rate and gas-exchange measurements. Only one hybrid was able to maintain biomass production under drought conditions. Amongst the others, two hybrids with similar growth inhibition but contrasting physiological responses were identified by a PCA analysis. Both strategies, i.e. stabilization of leaf water content via resistance mechanisms versus high recovery potential were equally effective in maintaining aboveground biomass production in the scenario of a long drought intermitted by a water-pulse. However, each strategy might be advantageous under different drought stress scenarios. Overall, the recovery potential is underestimated in drought resistance under natural conditions, which includes periodic cycles of drought and rewatering, and should be considered in screening trials.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Cuticular Wax and Analysis of Wax Biosynthesis Related Genes in Lanzhou Lily(Lilium Davidii Var. Unicolor) Under Drought Stress

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Cuticular Wax ◽  
Lanzhou Lily ◽  
Lilium Davidii

Abstract The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors due to author disagreement with the posting of the preprint. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.

scholarly journals Poly-γ-glutamic acid enhanced the drought resistance of maize by improving photosynthesis and affecting the rhizosphere microbial community

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haizhen Ma ◽  
Panpan Li ◽  
Xingwang Liu ◽  
Can Li ◽  
Shengkui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbial Community

Abstract Background Compared with other abiotic stresses, drought stress causes serious crop yield reductions. Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA), as an environmentally friendly biomacromolecule, plays an important role in plant growth and regulation. Results In this project, the effect of exogenous application of γ-PGA on drought tolerance of maize (Zea mays. L) and its mechanism were studied. Drought dramatically inhibited the growth and development of maize, but the exogenous application of γ-PGA significantly increased the dry weight of maize, the contents of ABA, soluble sugar, proline, and chlorophyll, and the photosynthetic rate under severe drought stress. RNA-seq data showed that γ-PGA may enhance drought resistance in maize by affecting the expression of ABA biosynthesis, signal transduction, and photosynthesis-related genes and other stress-responsive genes, which was also confirmed by RT–PCR and promoter motif analysis. In addition, diversity and structure analysis of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community demonstrated that γ-PGA enriched plant growth promoting bacteria such as Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Alphaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria. Moreover, γ-PGA significantly improved root development, urease activity and the ABA contents of maize rhizospheric soil under drought stress. This study emphasized the possibility of using γ-PGA to improve crop drought resistance and the soil environment under drought conditions and revealed its preliminary mechanism. Conclusions Exogenous application of poly-γ-glutamic acid could significantly enhance the drought resistance of maize by improving photosynthesis, and root development and affecting the rhizosphere microbial community.

scholarly journals Poly-γ-glutamic acid enhanced drought resistance of maize by improving photosynthesis and affecting rhizosphere microbial community

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haizhen Ma ◽  
Xingwang Liu ◽  
Panpan Li ◽  
Can Li ◽  
Shengkui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbial Community

Abstract Background Compared with other abiotic stresses, drought stress is a serious causal factor leading to crop yield reduction. Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA), as an environmentally friendly biomacromolecule, plays an important role in plant growth and regulation. Results In this project, the effect of exogenous application of γ-PGA on drought tolerance of maize (Zea mays. L) and its mechanism were studied. Drought dramatically inhibited the growth and development of maize, but the exogenous application of γ-PGA significantly increased the dry weight of maize and the contents of ABA, soluble sugar, proline, chlorophyll and the photosynthetic rate under severe drought stress. RNAseq data showed that γ-PGA may enhance drought resistance of maize by affecting the expression of ABA biosynthesis and signal transduction related genes, photosynthesis-related genes and other stress-responsive genes, which were also confirmed by RT-PCR and promoter motif analysis. In addition, diversity and structure analysis of rhizosphere soil bacterial community demonstrated that γ-PGA enriched the plant growth promoting bacteria such as Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Alphaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria. Meanwhile, γ-PGA significantly improved roots development, urease activity and ABA contents of maize rhizospheric soil under drought stress. This study emphasized the possibility of using γ-PGA to improve crop drought resistance and soil environment under drought condition and revealed its preliminary mechanism. Conclusions Exogenous application of poly-γ-glutamic acid could significantly enhance the drought resistance of maize by improving photosynthesis, root development and affecting rhizosphere microbial community.

scholarly journals Role of Suillus placidus in Improving the Drought Tolerance of Masson Pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Haoyun Wang ◽  
Xizhou Zhao ◽  
Zhongke Lu ◽  
Xueguang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Masson Pine ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Masson pine is an important afforestation species in southern China, where seasonal drought is common. The present study focused on the effects of Suillus placidus, an ectomycorrhizal fungus, inoculation on the growth and physiological and biochemical performance of masson pine seedlings under four different watering treatments (well-watered, mild drought, moderate drought, and severe drought) to evaluate the symbiotic relationship between S. placidus and masson pine seedlings. Ectomycorrhizal-inoculated (ECM) and non-inoculated (NM) seedlings were grown in pots and maintained for 60 days using the weighing method. Results showed that seedlings’ growth, dry weight, RWC, chlorophyll content, PSII efficiency, and photosynthesis decreased as drought stress intensified in both ECM and NM plants. This suggests that drought stress significantly limits the growth and photosynthetic performance of masson pine seedlings. Nevertheless, increased An/gs and proline contents in both NM and ECM prevented oxidative damage caused by drought stress. In addition, increased peroxidase (POD) activity is an essential defense mechanism of ECM seedling under drought stress. Compared with NM, ECM seedlings showed faster growth, higher RWC, and photosynthetic performance, and lower lipid peroxidation in cell membranes under drought stress, as indicated by higher POD activity and lower proline and malondialdehyde (MDA). Our experiment found that S. placidus inoculation can enhance the drought resistance of masson pine seedlings by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, water use efficiency, and proline content, thereby enhancing growth under water-deficiency conditions. S. placidus can be used to cultivate high-quality seedlings and improve their survival in regions that experience seasonal droughts.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis MADS-box factor AGL16 negatively regulates drought resistance via stomatal density and stomatal movement

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (19) ◽  
pp. 6092-6106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping-Xia Zhao ◽  
Zi-Qing Miao ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Si-Yan Chen ◽  
Qian-Qian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Aba Metabolism

Abstract Drought is one of the most important environmental factors limiting plant growth and productivity. The molecular mechanisms underlying plant drought resistance are complex and not yet fully understood. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis MADS-box transcription factor AGL16 acts as a negative regulator in drought resistance by regulating stomatal density and movement. Loss-of-AGL16 mutants were more resistant to drought stress and had higher relative water content, which was attributed to lower leaf stomatal density and more sensitive stomatal closure due to higher leaf ABA levels compared with the wild type. AGL16-overexpressing lines displayed the opposite phenotypes. AGL16 is preferentially expressed in guard cells and down-regulated in response to drought stress. The expression of CYP707A3 and AAO3 in ABA metabolism and SDD1 in stomatal development was altered in agl16 and overexpression lines, making them potential targets of AGL16. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, transient transactivation, yeast one-hybrid, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we demonstrated that AGL16 was able to bind the CArG motifs in the promoters of the CYP707A3, AAO3, and SDD1 and regulate their transcription, leading to altered leaf stomatal density and ABA levels. Taking our findings together, AGL16 acts as a negative regulator of drought resistance by modulating leaf stomatal density and ABA accumulation.

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