scholarly journals Yellow nutsedge WRI3/4-like gene improves drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana by promoting cuticular wax biosynthesis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Cheng ◽  
Shutong Hu ◽  
Yun Han ◽  
Di Xia ◽  
Bang-Lian Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Cuticular Wax ◽  
Expression Data ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Simulated Drought

Abstract Using RACE PCR, full length WRI1-like gene was amplified from yellow nutsedge. Conserved domain and phylogenetic analyses suggested it as WRI3/4-like gene. Tissue-specific expression data showed the highest expression in leaves, followed by roots while the lowest expression was detected in tuber. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing nutsedge WRI3/4-like gene showed significantly improved tolerance to both PEG-simulated drought stress and real dehydration, compared with the wild type (WT). Under normal growth conditions, the expressions of key fatty acid biosynthesis genes was not significantly different between WT and transgenic lines, while the expressions of genes involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis was significantly higher in transgenic lines compared with the WT. The PEG-simulated drought stress did not induce any significant change in the expression of fatty acid and wax biosynthesis genes in WT plants, while the expression of fatty acid and wax biosynthesis genes was significantly increased in transgenic lines compared with WT as well as unstressed transgenic control. The expression of TAG1, the gene involved in triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation, was significantly lower in the transgenic lines than that in the WT in normal growth conditions. Drought stress slightly decreased the expression of TAG1 in the WT, but significantly lowered it in transgenic lines compared with its unstressed transgenic control and WT. Consistent with gene expression data, the cuticular wax content in Arabidopsis leaves was significantly higher in the transgenic lines than in the WT, while the oil content was not significantly different. Our results indicated that WRI3/4-like gene from Cyperus esculentus improves drought tolerance in Arabidopsis probably by promoting cuticular wax biosynthesis and, hence, could be a valuable target for improving drought tolerance in crops through recombinant DNA technology.

scholarly journals Yellow nutsedge WRI4-like gene improves drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana by promoting cuticular wax biosynthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Cheng ◽  
Shutong Hu ◽  
Yun Han ◽  
Di Xia ◽  
Bang-Lian Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Cuticular Wax ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Expression Data ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Key Genes

Abstract Background Cuticular wax plays important role in protecting plants from drought stress. In Arabidopsis WRI4 improves drought tolerance by regulating the biosynthesis of fatty acids and cuticular wax. Cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge) is a tough weed found in tropical and temperate zones as well as in cooler regions. In the current study, we report the molecular cloning of a WRI4-like gene from Cyperus esculentus and its functional characterization in Arabidopsis. Results Using RACE PCR, full-length WRI-like gene was amplified from yellow nutsedge. Phylogenetic analyses and amino acid comparison suggested it to be a WRI4-like gene. According to the tissue-specific expression data, the highest expression of WRI4-like gene was found in leaves, followed by roots and tuber. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing nutsedge WRI4-like gene manifested improved drought stress tolerance. Transgenic lines showed significantly reduced stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, chlorophyll leaching, water loss and improved water use efficiency (WUE). In the absence of drought stress, expression of key genes for fatty acid biosynthesis was not significantly different between transgenic lines and WT while that of cuticular wax biosynthesis genes was significantly higher in transgenic lines than WT. The PEG-simulated drought stress significantly increased expression of key genes for fatty acid as well as wax biosynthesis in transgenic Arabidopsis lines but not in WT plants. Consistent with the gene expression data, cuticular wax load and deposition was significantly higher in stem and leaves of transgenic lines compared with WT under control as well as drought stress conditions. Conclusions WRI4-like gene from Cyperus esculentus improves drought tolerance in Arabidopsis probably by promoting cuticular wax biosynthesis and deposition. This in turn lowers chlorophyll leaching, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, water loss and improves water use efficiency under drought stress conditions. Therefore, CeWRI4-like gene could be a good candidate for improving drought tolerance in crops.

scholarly journals Yellow nutsedge WRI3/4-like gene improves drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana by promoting cuticular wax biosynthesis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Cheng ◽  
Shutong Hu ◽  
Yun Han ◽  
Di Xia ◽  
Bang-Lian Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Cuticular Wax ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Peg Treatment ◽  
Simulated Drought ◽  
Tag Accumulation

Abstract In this study we cloned a WRI1-like gene from yellow nutsedge. Conserved domain and phylogenetic analyses indicated it to be a WRI3/4-like gene. Arabidopsis plants transformed with WRI3/4-like gene showed significantly improved tolerance to both PEG-simulated drought stress and real dehydration compared with the wild type. Quantitative RT-PCR indicated that, under unstressed conditions, the expressions of key genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis was not significantly different between wild type (WT) and transgenic lines, while the expressions of genes involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis was significantly higher in transgenic lines compared with the wild type. The PEG treatment slightly decreased the expression of above mentioned genes in WT plants while it was significantly increased in transgenic lines compared with their respective unstressed control. Without PEG treatment, the expression of TAG1, the gene involved in triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation, was 10-40% lower in the transgenic lines than that in the wild type. However, after PEG treatment, the expression of TAG1 was slightly decreased in the wild type, while in the transgenic lines its expression was decreased by 20-70% compared with unstressed transgenic lines and was highly significantly lower than that in the wild type. The cuticular wax content in Arabidopsis leaves was significantly higher in the transgenic lines than that in the wild type, while the oil content was not significantly different.

scholarly journals CsCYT75B1, a Citrus CYTOCHROME P450 Gene, Is Involved in Accumulation of Antioxidant Flavonoids and Induces Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Junaid Rao ◽  
Yuantao Xu ◽  
Xiaomei Tang ◽  
Yue Huang ◽  
Jihong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Gene ◽  
P450 Gene ◽  
Large Gene ◽  
Transgenic Lines

CYTOCHROME P450s genes are a large gene family in the plant kingdom. Our earlier transcriptome data revealed that a CYTOCHROME P450 gene of Citrus sinensis (CsCYT75B1) was associated with flavonoid metabolism and was highly induced after drought stress. Here, we characterized the function of CsCYT75B1 in drought tolerance by overexpressing it in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results demonstrated that the overexpression of the CsCYT75B1 gene significantly enhanced the total flavonoid contents with increased antioxidant activity in transgenic Arabidopsis. The gene expression results showed that several genes that are responsible for the biosynthesis of antioxidant flavonoids were induced by 2–12 fold in transgenic Arabidopsis lines. After 14 days of drought stress, all transgenic lines displayed an enhanced tolerance to drought stress along with accumulating antioxidant flavonoids with lower superoxide radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) than wild type plants. In addition, drought-stressed transgenic lines possessed higher antioxidant enzymatic activities than wild type transgenic lines. Moreover, the stressed transgenic lines had significantly lower levels of electrolytic leakage than wild type transgenic lines. These results demonstrate that the CsCYT75B1 gene of sweet orange functions in the metabolism of antioxidant flavonoid and contributes to drought tolerance by elevating ROS scavenging activities.

scholarly journals Poaceae Orthologs of Rice OsSGL, DUF1645 Domain-Containing Genes, Positively Regulate Drought Tolerance, Grain Length and Weight in Rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Liu ◽  
Mingjuan Li ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Yanchun Cui ◽  
Xuming Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Grain Length ◽  
Drought Stress Tolerance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Seed Setting Percentage

Abstract BackgroundGrain yield is a polygenic trait influenced by environmental and genetic interactions at all growth stages of the cereal plant. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for coordinating the trade-off or cross-talk between these traits remain elusive.ResultsWe characterized the hitherto unknown function of four STRESS_tolerance and GRAIN_LENGTH (OsSGL) Poaceae ortholog genes, all encoding DUF1645 domain-containing proteins, in simultaneous regulation of grain length, grain weight, and drought stress-tolerance in rice. In normal growth conditions, the four ortholog genes were mainly expressed in the developing roots and panicles of the corresponding species. Over-expressing or heterologous high-level expressing Poaceae OsSGL ortholog genes conferred remarkably increased grain length, weight, and seed setting percentage, as well as significantly improved drought-stress tolerance in transgenic rice. Microscopical analysis also showed that the transgene expression promoted cell division and development. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses revealed 73.8% (18,711) overlapped DEGs in all transgenic plants. Moreover, GO and KEGG analyses of different comparisons revealed that the key DEGs participating in drought stress-response belonged to hormone (especially auxin and cytokinin) pathways, and signaling processes were apparently affected in the young panicles. ConclusionTogether, these results suggest the four OsSGL orthologs perform a conserved function in regulating stress-tolerance and cell growth by acting via a hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathway. It may also induce a strategy for tailor-made crop yield improvement.

scholarly journals Dephosphorylation of Nitrate Reductase Protein Regulates Growth of Rice and Adaptability to Low Temperature

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruicai Han ◽  
Chenyan Li ◽  
Huijie Li ◽  
Yupeng Wang ◽  
Xiaohua Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Phosphorylation Site ◽  
Nitrate Assimilation ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Transgenic Lines

Abstract Nitrate reductase (NR) is an important enzyme for nitrate assimilation in plants, and its activity is regulated by post-translational phosphorylation. To investigate the effect of NIA1 protein dephosphorylation on the growth of rice and its adaptability to low temperature, we analyzed phenotype, chlorophyll content, nitrogen utilization, and antioxidant capacity at low temperature in lines with a mutated NIA1 phosphorylation site (S532D and S532A), an OsNia1 over-expression line (OE), and wild-type Kitaake rice (WT). Plant height, dry matter weight, and chlorophyll content of S532D and S532A were lower than those of WT and OE under normal growth conditions but were higher than those of WT and OE at low temperature. Compared with WT and OE, the nitrite, H2O2, and MDA contents of S532D and S532A leaves were higher under normal growth conditions. The difference in leaf nitrite content between transgenic lines and WT was narrower at low temperature, especially in S532D and S532A, while H2O2 and MDA contents of S532D and S532A leaves were lower than those in WT and OE leaves. The NH4+-N and amino acid contents of S532D and S532A leaves were higher than those of WT and OE leaves under normal or low temperature. qRT-PCR results revealed that transcription levels of OsNrt2.4, OsNia2, and OsNADH-GOGAT were positively correlated with those of OsNia1, and the transcription levels of OsNrt2.4, OsNia2, and OsNADH-GOGAT were significantly higher in transgenic lines than in WT under both normal and low temperature. Phosphorylation of NR is a steady-state regulatory mechanism of nitrogen metabolism, and dephosphorylation of NIA1 protein improved NR activity and nitrogen utilization efficiency in rice. Excessive accumulation of nitrite under normal growth conditions inhibits the growth of rice; however, accumulation of nitrite is reduced at low temperature, enhancing the cold tolerance of rice.

Drought and cold stress responses in orostachys spinosa L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Otgonsuvd B ◽  
Ouyngerel Sh ◽  
Altanzaya T
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency Of Psii ◽  
Succulent Plant ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Long Time

Orostachys spinosa L. is a succulent plant native to predominantly East Asia. The objective of this study was to identify physiological and morphological responses of O. spinosa L. species to cold, drought stress in laboratory conditions. Exposure of plants to a drought stress for 28 days slightly decreased the photochemical efficiency of PSII and the Fv/Fm values were 10-15% lower (0.75±0.01) compared with the control plants (0.85±0.01). For cold treatments, plants were exposed to 4°C for 60 days and for recovery transferred to normal growth conditions for 14 days. Fv/Fm photochemical efficiency of PSII can be used to monitor PSII photoinhibition. This parameter describes the efficiency of the electron transfer within PSII.The results of this study demonstrated that O. spinosa L. plants were better adapted to cold and drought conditions as they showed less visible symptoms and highest Fv/Fm levels at the long time chilling and drought stress.

scholarly journals Transcriptome profiling reveals the effects of drought tolerance in Giant Juncao

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Siqi Chen ◽  
Wenjiao Shi ◽  
Rakefet David-Schwartz ◽  
Sutao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Basic Leucine Zipper

Abstract Background Giant Juncao is often used as feed for livestock because of its huge biomass. However, drought stress reduces forage production by affecting the normal growth and development of plants. Therefore, investigating the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance will provide important information for the improvement of drought tolerance in this grass. Results A total of 144.96 Gb of clean data was generated and assembled into 144,806 transcripts and 93,907 unigenes. After 7 and 14 days of drought stress, a total of 16,726 and 46,492 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed, respectively. Compared with normal irrigation, 16,247, 23,503, and 11,598 DEGs were observed in 1, 5, and 9 days following rehydration, respectively. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses revealed abiotic stress-responsive genes and pathways related to catalytic activity, methyltransferase activity, transferase activity, and superoxide metabolic process. We also identified transcription factors belonging to several families, including basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), WRKY, NAM (no apical meristem), ATAF1/2 and CUC2 (cup-shaped cotyledon) (NAC), fatty acyl-CoA reductase (FAR1), B3, myeloblastosis (MYB)-related, and basic leucine zipper (bZIP) families, which are important drought-rehydration-responsive proteins. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was also used to analyze the RNA-seq data to predict the interrelationship between genes. Twenty modules were obtained, and four of these modules may be involved in photosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction that respond to drought and rehydration conditions. Conclusions Our research is the first to provide a more comprehensive understanding of DEGs involved in drought stress at the transcriptome level in Giant Juncao with different drought and recovery conditions. These results may reveal insights into the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance in Giant Juncao and provide diverse genetic resources involved in drought tolerance research.

Molybdenum induces alterations in the glycerolipidome that confer drought tolerance in wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (16) ◽  
pp. 5074-5086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songwei Wu ◽  
Chengxiao Hu ◽  
Xiaozhen Yang ◽  
Qiling Tan ◽  
Shuaibing Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Simulated Drought ◽  
Fluidity Of Membranes

Abstract Molybdenum (Mo), which is an essential microelement for plant growth, plays important roles in multiple metabolic and physiological processes, including responses to drought and cold stress in wheat. Lipids also have crucial roles in plant adaptions to abiotic stresses. The aim of this study was to use glycerolipidomic and transcriptomic analyses to determine the changes in lipids induced by Mo that are associated with Mo-enhanced drought tolerance in wheat. Mo treatments increased the transcript levels of genes involved in fatty acid and glycerolipid biosynthesis and desaturation, but suppressed the expression of genes involved in oxylipin production. Wheat plants supplemented with Mo displayed higher contents of monogalactosyldiacyglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldoacylglycerol (DGDG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) with increased levels of unsaturation. The levels of MGDG, DGDG, PG, and PC increased under PEG-simulated drought (PSD), and the magnitude of the responses varied in the presence and absence of Mo. Mo increased the accumulation of the most abundant glycerolipid species of C36:6, C34:4, and C34:3 by increasing the expression of genes related to desaturation under PSD, and this contributed to maintaining the fluidity of membranes. In addition, Mo attenuated the decreases in the ratios of DGDG/MGDG and PC/PE that were observed under PSD. These changes in lipids in Mo-treated wheat would contribute to maintaining the integrity of membranes and to protecting the photosynthetic apparatus, thus acting together to enhance drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Gain of function mutagenesis through activation tagging identifies XPB2 and SEN1 helicase genes as potential targets for drought stress tolerance in rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mouboni Dutta ◽  
Mazahar Moin ◽  
Anusree Saha ◽  
Achala Bakshi ◽  
P.B. Kirti
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Gain Of Function ◽  
High Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Coordinated Expression ◽  
Simulated Drought ◽  
Firm Basis ◽  
Mutant Lines

AbstractWe have earlier reported on the development of an activation tagged gain-of-function mutant population in an indica rice variety, BPT-5204 (Moin et al. 2016). Screening of these gain of function mutants for water-use efficiency (WUE) followed by physiological analyses revealed the activation of two helicases, ATP-dependent RNA (SEN1) and DNA (XPB2) encoding unwinding proteins in two different mutant lines. In the current study, we examined the roles of these genes in stable activation tagged mutants of rice for drought stress responses. Transcript profiling of SEN1 and XPB2 showed their significant up-regulation under various stresses (particularly ABA and PEG). The SEN1 and XPB2 tagged mutants exhibited reduced leaf wilting, improved revival efficiency, high chlorophyll and proline contents, profuse tillering, high quantum efficiency and yield-related traits in response to simulated drought (PEG) and hormone (ABA) treatments with respect to their controls. These observations were further validated under greenhouse conditions by periodic withdrawal of water. Germination of the seeds of these mutant lines indicates their ABA insensitivity under high ABA concentration. Also, the associated high up-regulation of stress-specific genes suggests that their drought tolerance might have been because of the coordinated expression of several stress responsive genes in these two mutants. Altogether, our results provided a firm basis for SEN1 and XPB2 as potential candidates for manipulation of drought tolerance and improving rice performance and yield under limited water conditions.

scholarly journals Enhanced Drought Tolerance of Tobacco Overexpressing OjERF Gene Is Associated with Alteration in Proline and Antioxidant Metabolism

2012 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Li ◽  
Lie-Bao Han ◽  
Xunzhong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Antioxidant Metabolism ◽  
Ophiopogon Japonicus ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Mda Content

Drought stress is one of the major limiting factors for plant growth and development. The mechanism of drought tolerance has not been well understood. This study was designed to investigate proline and antioxidant metabolism associated with drought tolerance in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants overexpressing the OjERF gene relative to wild-type (WT) plants. The OjERF gene was isolated from mondo grass (Ophiopogon japonicus). The OjERF gene, driven by the CaMV35S promoter, was introduced into tobacco through agrobacterium (Agrobacterium tumefaciens)-mediated transformation. Five transgenic lines were regenerated, of which transgenic Line 5 (GT5) and Line 6 (GT6) were used to examine drought tolerance in comparison with WT plants in a growth chamber. Drought stress caused an increase in leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage (EL), proline content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity in both transgenic lines and WT plants. However, the transgenic lines had lower MDA content and EL and higher proline content, SOD and CAT activity relative to WT under drought stress. The activities of SOD and CAT were also greater in the transgenic lines relative to WT plants under well-watered conditions (Day 0). The OjERF activated the expression of stress-relative genes, including NtERD10B, NtERD10C, NtERF5, NtSOD, and NtCAT1 in tobacco plants. The results of this study suggest that the OjERF gene may confer drought stress tolerance through upregulating proline and antioxidant metabolism.

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