scholarly journals Seroprevalence Canine Survey For Selected Vector-Borne Pathogens of and Its Relationship With Poverty in Metropolitan Pereira, Colombia, 2020*

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana ◽  
Erwin J. Gutiérrez-Grajales ◽  
J. Paola Martínez-Arboleda ◽  
María Angelica Reina-Mora ◽  
Adrián E. Trejos-Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Test System ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Level I

Abstract Background Tick-borne diseases (TBD) and dirofilariasis are currently not under surveillance in most Latin American countries, and there is a significant lack of studies describing the current situation in most endemic areas, including Colombia. Seroprevalence studies are crucial for understanding the epidemiology of these vector-borne diseases. Methods A serosurvey for TBD and dirofilariasis amongst 100 dogs was carried out in the municipality of Pereira, located in the Coffee-Triangle region, Colombia. Samples were tested using a rapid assay test system (SNAP® 4Dx®); based on an enzyme immunoassay technique‚ screening for antibodies to Anaplasma phagocytophilum/platys (sensitivity 99.1%)‚ Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. (98.8%), and Ehrlichia canis/ewingii (96.2%) by using specific antigens, and checking for Dirofilaria immitis antigen based on specific antibodies (99.2%). Bivariate analyses were performed on Stata®14, significant p < 0.05. Results Global seroprevalence to the selected vector-borne pathogens was 74% (95%CI 65–83%). The highest seroprevalence was found for Ehrlichia canis/ewingii (74%), followed by Anaplasma phagocytophilum/platys (16%). Seropositivity for Borrelia spp. and Dirofilaria spp. was 0%. All Anaplasma spp. seropositive dogs showed co-detection of Ehrlichia spp. (16%). Seroprevalence was significantly higher among dogs from families of lower socioeconomic status / level (I, 86%), followed by level II (74%), and III (36%) (p = 0.001); no seropositive dogs were found in for levels IV and V (higher socioeconomic status). All dogs exhibiting anorexia (12%) were invariably seropositive (100%) (p = 0.029). Seroprevalence was higher amongst those showing mucocutaneous paleness (95%) compared to those without paleness (68%) (p = 0.013) (OR = 9.3; 95%CI 1.18–72.9). There was high variability in seroprevalence through the studied areas, ranging from 0% (La Libertad Park) up to Combia, Cesar Nader, Las Brisas and Saturno localities (100%) (p = 0.033). Conclusions Given the high seroprevalence obtained in an area with documented presence of ticks, there is a potential risk for zoonotic transmission to humans. Further seroprevalence studies in humans are needed to assess the prevalence of infections. Poverty is highly associated with these tick-borne pathogens in Pereira, as shown in the present study.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence Canine Survey for Selected Vector-Borne Pathogens of and Its Relationship with Poverty in Metropolitan Pereira, Colombia, 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana ◽  
Erwin J. Gutiérrez-Grajales ◽  
J. Paola Martínez-Arboleda ◽  
María Angelica Reina-Mora ◽  
Adrián E. Trejos-Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Test System ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Level I

Abstract Background: Tick-borne diseases (TBD) and dirofilariasis are currently not under surveillance in most Latin American countries, and there is a significant lack of studies describing the current situation in most endemic areas, including Colombia. Seroprevalence studies are crucial for understanding the epidemiology of these vector-borne diseases.Methods: A serosurvey for TBD and dirofilariasis amongst 100 dogs was carried out in the municipality of Pereira, located in the Coffee-Triangle region, Colombia. Samples were tested using a rapid assay test system (SNAP® 4Dx®); based on an enzyme immunoassay technique‚ screening for antibodies to Anaplasma phagocytophilum/platys (sensitivity 99.1%)‚ Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. (98.8%), and Ehrlichia canis/ewingii (96.2%) by using specific antigens, and checking for Dirofilaria immitis antigen based on specific antibodies (99.2%). Bivariate analyses were performed on Stata®14, significant p<0.05. Results: Global seroprevalence to the selected vector-borne pathogens was 74% (95%CI 65-83%). The highest seroprevalence was found for Ehrlichia canis/ewingii (74%), followed by Anaplasma phagocytophilum/platys (16%). Seropositivity for Borrelia spp. and Dirofilaria spp. was 0%. All Anaplasma spp. seropositive dogs showed co-detection of Ehrlichia spp. (16%). Seroprevalence was significantly higher among dogs from families of lower socioeconomic status / level (I, 86%), followed by level II (74%), and III (36%) (p=0.001); no seropositive dogs were found in for levels IV and V (higher socioeconomic status). All dogs exhibiting anorexia (12%) were invariably seropositive (100%) (p=0.029). Seroprevalence was higher amongst those showing mucocutaneous paleness (95%) compared to those without paleness (68%) (p=0.013) (OR=9.3; 95%CI 1.18-72.9). There was high variability in seroprevalence through the studied areas, ranging from 0% (La Libertad Park) up to Combia, Cesar Nader, Las Brisas and Saturno localities (100%) (p=0.033). Conclusions: Given the high seroprevalence obtained in an area with documented presence of ticks, there is a potential risk for zoonotic transmission to humans. Further seroprevalence studies in humans are needed to assess the prevalence of infections. Poverty is highly associated with these tick-borne pathogens in Pereira, as shown in the present study.

Conclusions

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Gustavo S.J. Morello
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Religious Experience ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Religious Landscape

This chapter examines what we learn from the religious experience of these Latin American respondents of lower socioeconomic status: religion as a relationship, and Latin American modernity as a construction that leaves room for a religious, spiritual presence. The chapter presents what respondents’ religious practices tell us about religion in general, the idea of religion as a relation, and a portrait of the Latin American religious landscape as “enchanted modernity.”

scholarly journals Communicable Diseases Among the Female Inhabitants of Lower Socio-Economic Groups in Dhaka City

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-117
Author(s):  
Mst Tahmina Karim ◽  
Hamida Khanum ◽  
Sharmin Musa
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Parasitic Infestation ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Vector Borne

A total of 900 female inhabitants of lower socioeconomic in Dhaka city, were examined during September, 2013 to August, 2015. Among them, the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infestation was 66.22%. The prevalence of Urinary tract infection (UTI) was 31.44%. Among the female inhabitants, 41.33% were infected with different types of skin diseases; within these, viral, (19.35%) scabies and 38.09% were affected by boil disease. The prevalence of vector-borne diseases was infected and arthropod infections (9.41%) were found. Among them, the highest 54.28% were infected by scabies and 38.09% were affected by boil diseases. The prevalence of vector-borne diseases was 49.33%, among them four types of diseases were recorded of which 2% malaria, 7.33% filaria, 34.67% dengue and 5.33%. leishmaniasis. Four types of waterborne diseases were found such as cholera/ diarrhoea (28%), typhoid (17.11%), polio (5.11%) and hepatitis A/ Jaundice (9.67%); and overall prevalence was 59.87%. Regarding the airborne diseases, 58.44% were found to be infected, among them four types recorded, such as influenza (25.11%), mumps (10.22%), pneumonia (17.44%) and tuberculosis (5.67%). Bangladesh J. Zool. 48(1): 105-117, 2020

Measurement of Level I and Level II Mental Abilities as a Function of Test and Socioeconomic Status

1982 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. R. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Paired Associate ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Paired Associate Learning ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Mental Abilities ◽  
Level I ◽  
Raven's Progressive Matrices

In Jensen's dual process hypothesis of mental abilities Digit-Span and Progressive Matrices are seen as relatively pure measures of Level I and Level II, respectively, while paired-associate learning is seen as a less pure measure of Level I since it can vary with respect to loading on Level II ability. A sample of 227 10- to 11-yr.-old New Zealand children from varying socioeconomic groups completed Raven's Progressive Matrices, a digit-span test, and three paired-associate learning tests varying in abstractness. Analysis indicated no clear distinction between relatively pure and impure measures of Level I ability. Both Raven IQ and digit span were related to socioeconomic status, while paired-associate learning was not.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of vector-borne agents in cats in Southern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-643
Author(s):  
Daniela Pedrassani ◽  
Juliano Biolchi ◽  
Luiz Ricardo Gonçalves ◽  
Natalia Serra Mendes ◽  
Diego Carlos de Souza Zanatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The University ◽  
Veterinary Hospital

Abstract This study used serological and molecular methods to investigate the occurrence of vector-borne pathogens (VBP) with zoonotic potential in cats neutered at the University Veterinary Hospital in Canoinhas, Santa Catarina. The combined PCR and serological results revealed that 17 (56.6%) cats were positive for one or more pathogens. The sampled cats had antibodies to Ehrlichia spp. (7/30), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (3/30) and Leishmania infantum (2/30). The PCR assay detected DNA closely related to Ehrlichia canis in 6/30 cats, Mycoplasma haemofelis in 2/30 cats, A. phagocytophilum and Cytauxzoon sp. in one cat each. While Bartonella clarridgeiae and B. henselae were detected in two cats each, and B. koehlerae was detected in one cat.

scholarly journals Thrombocyte indices in dogs infected with Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum

2014 ◽  
pp. 4277-4288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Funda Özata ◽  
Kerem Ural
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Group I ◽  
Vector Borne

ABSTRACTObjectives. In the present study alterations in trombocyte numbers and trombocyte indices were investigated in 51 dogs naturally infected with E. canis and/or A. phagocytophilum. Achieved results were compared to those of 20 healty dogs comprising control group. Materials and methods. Naturally occuring vector borne diseases were diagnosed by use of a canine point-of-care ELISA kit (Snap 4Dx, Idexx). Dogs were enrolled into 3 groups as follows; II. group involved A. phagocytophilum infected dogs (n=10), III. group (n=13) E. canis+ A. phagocytophilum co-infected, and IV. group (n=28) E. canis infected dogs. Healthy controls (n=20) were enrolled in group I. Results. Mean PLT counts were significantly decreased in II., III. and IV. groups (159.6±63.5, 142.3±44.3, 148.7±33.5, respectively) in comparison to control group (370.4±28.6) (p≤0.01). Mean PCT values in groups II., III. and IV. (0.1530±0.590, 0.1531±0.0441, 0.1450±0.314, respectively) were significantly decreased in contrast to control group (0.3695±0.0283) (p≤0.01). Between PLT and PCT values, statistically significant positive correlation (p≤0.01) (r=0.988, 0.990 and 0.981, respectively) was evident among groups II., III. and IV. Conclusions. Infected dogs showed significant alterations (p≤0.01) among mean PLT and PCT values and a positive correlation was evident between those 2 parameters (p≤0.01), whereas alterations on mean MPV and PDWc were not statistically significant. Finally it was suggested that according to the aforimentioned results, PLT and PCT values may be used as valuable parameters for diagnosis and probably for monitorization and prognosis in infected dogs with Ehrlichiosis and/or Anaplasmosis

Molecular detection of Dirofilaria immitis, Hepatozoon canis, Babesia spp., Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis in dogs on Costa Rica

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanjing Wei ◽  
Patrick Kelly ◽  
Kate Ackerson ◽  
Heba S. El-Mahallawy ◽  
Bernhard Kaltenboeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Anaplasma Platys ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Babesia Spp

AbstractAlthough vector-borne diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality in dogs in tropical areas, there is little information on these conditions in Costa Rica. In PCRs of blood from dogs in Costa Rica, we did not detect DNAs of Rickettsia (R.) felis and Coxiella (C.) burnetii but we did find evidence of infection with Dirofilaria (D.) immitis (9/40, 22.5%), Hepatozoon (H.) canis (15/40, 37.5%), Babesia spp. (10/40, 25%; 2 with B. gibsoni and 8 with B. vogeli), Anaplasma (A.) platys (3/40, 7.5%) and Ehrlichia (E.) canis (20/40, 50%). Nine dogs (22.5%) were free of any vector-borne pathogens while 14 (35%) were infected with a single pathogen, 11 (27.5%) with two, 4 (10%) with three, 1 (2.5%) with four, and 1 (2.5%) with five pathogens. Dogs in Costa Rica are commonly infected with vector-borne agents

scholarly journals Co-infection with arthropod-borne pathogens in domestic cats

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Rogério André ◽  
Kilder Dantas Filgueira ◽  
Ana Cláudia Calchi ◽  
Keyla Carstens Marques de Sousa ◽  
Luiz Ricardo Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cytauxzoon Felis ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Biochemical Abnormalities

Abstract The role of several feline vector-borne pathogens (FVBP) as a cause of disease in cats has not been clearly determined. In fact, with the exception of Bartonella spp. and hemoplasmas, FVBP in cats has not been clearly determined in Brazil yet. The present study aimed at identifying, by using molecular methods, the presence of FVBP in three cats showing non-specific clinical signs and inclusions suggestive of hemoparasites in blood smears. Cytauxzoon felis, ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’, Ehrlichia sp. closely related to Ehrlichia canis, and Anaplasma sp. closely related to Anaplasma phagocytophilum were detected in blood samples from two out of three sampled cats. Both cats positive for multiple FVBP did not show hematological and biochemical abnormalities. The present work emphasizes the need for molecular confirmation of co-infection by multiple FVBP in cats presenting non-specific clinical signs and inclusions resembling hemoparasites in blood smears.

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