scholarly journals Co-infection with arthropod-borne pathogens in domestic cats

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Rogério André ◽  
Kilder Dantas Filgueira ◽  
Ana Cláudia Calchi ◽  
Keyla Carstens Marques de Sousa ◽  
Luiz Ricardo Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cytauxzoon Felis ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Biochemical Abnormalities

Abstract The role of several feline vector-borne pathogens (FVBP) as a cause of disease in cats has not been clearly determined. In fact, with the exception of Bartonella spp. and hemoplasmas, FVBP in cats has not been clearly determined in Brazil yet. The present study aimed at identifying, by using molecular methods, the presence of FVBP in three cats showing non-specific clinical signs and inclusions suggestive of hemoparasites in blood smears. Cytauxzoon felis, ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’, Ehrlichia sp. closely related to Ehrlichia canis, and Anaplasma sp. closely related to Anaplasma phagocytophilum were detected in blood samples from two out of three sampled cats. Both cats positive for multiple FVBP did not show hematological and biochemical abnormalities. The present work emphasizes the need for molecular confirmation of co-infection by multiple FVBP in cats presenting non-specific clinical signs and inclusions resembling hemoparasites in blood smears.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and Clinicopathological Features of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infection in Dogs: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah El Hamiani Khatat ◽  
Sylvie Daminet ◽  
Luc Duchateau ◽  
Latifa Elhachimi ◽  
Malika Kachani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Granulocytic Anaplasmosis ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Vector Borne

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a worldwide emerging zoonotic tick-borne pathogen transmitted by Ixodid ticks and naturally maintained in complex and incompletely assessed enzootic cycles. Several studies have demonstrated an extensive genetic variability with variable host tropisms and pathogenicity. However, the relationship between genetic diversity and modified pathogenicity is not yet understood. Because of their proximity to humans, dogs are potential sentinels for the transmission of vector-borne pathogens. Furthermore, the strong molecular similarity between human and canine isolates of A. phagocytophilum in Europe and the USA and the positive association in the distribution of human and canine cases in the USA emphasizes the epidemiological role of dogs. Anaplasma phagocytophilum infects and survives within neutrophils by disregulating neutrophil functions and evading specific immune responses. Moreover, the complex interaction between the bacterium and the infected host immune system contribute to induce inflammatory injuries. Canine granulocytic anaplasmosis is an acute febrile illness characterized by lethargy, inappetence, weight loss and musculoskeletal pain. Hematological and biochemistry profile modifications associated with this disease are unspecific and include thrombocytopenia, anemia, morulae within neutrophils and increased liver enzymes activity. Coinfections with other tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) may occur, especially with Borrelia burgdorferi, complicating the clinical presentation, diagnosis and response to treatment. Although clinical studies have been published in dogs, it remains unclear if several clinical signs and clinicopathological abnormalities can be related to this infection.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Molecular characterization and blood hematology profile of dogs infected by Ehrlichia canis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yustinus oswin primajuni Wuhan ◽  
Aris Haryanto ◽  
Ida Tjahajati
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Glta Gene ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract. Wuhan YOP, Haryanto A, Tjahajati I. 2020. Short Communication: Molecular characterization and blood hematology profile of dogs infected by Ehrlichia canis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3242-3248. Ehrlichia canis is Gram-negative intracellular obligate bacteria that cause ehrlichiosis, a companion vector-borne disease is a potentially fatal disease that attacks dogs. The purpose of this study was to molecular characterize and determine the features of Ehrlichia-infected blood based on the amplification of the gltA gene in Ehrlichia infected dogs from Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Blood samples were collected from 51 dog patients from the Prof. Dr. Soeparwi Animal Hospital, animal clinics, and pet shops based on the anamnesis, clinical sign, and physical examination, followed by microscopic examination, routine hematology, PCR amplification, and DNA sequencing were carried out on the blood samples. Based on positive PCR amplification and blood hematology profile examination ehrlichiosis-positive in dogs showed that thrombocytopenia case was 82.3%, anemia was 70.5%, eosinopenia was 70.5%, neutropenia was 29.4%, monocytopenia was 23%, leukopenia was 17% and lymphopenia was 11.7%. Morulae of Ehrlichia sp.was not found in microscopic examination. Molecularly, detected of E. canis using the gltA gene showed that 34% of samples were positive results. Then 5 of positive Ehrlichia samples were DNA sequenced, they showed a high homology of 100% with Hat Yai isolates (KU765199.1). There was no genetic diversity between E. canis samples in Yogyakarta.

scholarly journals Trypanosome infections in naturally infected horses and donkeys of three active sleeping sickness foci in the south of Chad

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joël Vourchakbé ◽  
Arnol Auvaker Tiofack ◽  
Mbida Mpoame ◽  
Gustave Simo
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Sleeping Sickness ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Trypanosome Species ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Objective Being

Abstract Background Equine trypanosomiases are complex infectious diseases with overlapping clinical signs defined by their mode of transmission. Despite their economic impacts, these diseases have been neglected by the scientific community, the veterinary authorities and regulatory organizations. To fill the observed knowledge gap, we undertook the identification of different trypanosome species and subspecies naturally infecting horses and donkeys within the Chadian sleeping sickness focus. The end objective, being to investigate the potential role of these domestic animals as reservoirs of the human infective Trypanosoma brucei gambienseMethod Blood samples were collected from 155 donkeys and 131 horses in three human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) foci of Chad. Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and capillary tube centrifugation (CTC) test were used to search for trypanosome infections. DNA was extracted from each blood sample and different trypanosome species and subspecies were identified with molecular tools.Results From 286 blood samples collected, 54 (18.9%) and 36 (12.6%) were respectively positive for RDT and CTC. PCR revealed 144 (50.3%) animals with trypanosome infections. The kappa Cohen coefficients used to evaluate the concordance between the diagnostic methods were low; ranging from 0.087±0.0473 to 0.48 ± 0.0698. Trypanosomes of the subgenus Trypanozoon were the most prevalent (29.4%), followed by T. congolense forest (11.5%), T. congolense savannah (4.9%) and T. vivax (4.5%). Two donkeys and one horse from the Maro HAT focus were found with T. b. gambiense infections. Between animal species and HAT foci, no significant differences were observed in the infection rates of different trypanosomes. Conclusion This study revealed several trypanosome species and sub species in donkeys and horses, highlighting the existence of AAT in HAT foci of Chad. The identification of T. b. gambiense in donkeys and horses suggests considering these animals as potential reservoir for HAT in Chad. The presence of both human-infective and human non infective trypanosomes species highlights the need for developing joined control strategies for HAT and AAT.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Cytauxzoon felis Infection-Carriers in Eastern Kansas Domestic Cats

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne M. Wikander ◽  
Tippawan Anantatat ◽  
Qing Kang ◽  
Kathryn E. Reif
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Cytauxzoon Felis ◽  
Tick Transmission ◽  
Quantitative Pcr Assay

Cytauxzoon felis is a hemoprotozoal tick-transmitted pathogen of felids. Felids that survive acute disease often remain infected and serve as reservoirs for subsequent tick transmission to other susceptible felines. States adjacent to Kansas have identified C. felis-domestic cat carriers while statewide awareness and concern of cytauxzoonosis have increased. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of C. felis-carriers in the eastern Kansas domestic cat population using a sensitive quantitative PCR assay targeting the C. felis Cox3 mitochondrial gene. An overall C. felis infection prevalence of 25.8% was determined for asymptomatic domestic cats in eastern Kansas. Significantly more C. felis-carrier cats were identified in spring and fall, suggesting a seasonal fluctuation of survivors. Additionally, a greater percentage of feral and owned cats were positive for C. felis compared to rescue/rescinded cats. This study demonstrates that C. felis-domestic cat carriers are common among cats that spend at least a portion of time outdoors in eastern Kansas, and that more cats likely survive cytauxzoonosis than expected. Understanding the role of domestic cat carriers of C. felis is essential in developing cytauxzoonosis mitigation strategies, including recommending year-round use of acaricide products for all cats that spend any time outdoors.

Molecular evidence of vector-borne pathogens coinfecting dogs from Poland

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rymaszewska ◽  
Małgorzata Adamska
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Group I ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pathogenic Agents

Ticks of the genusIxodesare vectors for many pathogens, includingBorrelia burgdorferisensu lato,Anaplasma phagocytophilumandRickettsiaspp., and may also serve as vectors forBartonellaspp. However, the role of ticks inBartonellatransmission requires additional studies. The aim of this study was to investigate whether coinfection with two or more vector-borne pathogens can occur in the following three groups of dogs: I — dogs with suspected borreliosis (N = 92), II — dogs considered healthy (N = 100), and III — dogs with diagnosed babesiosis (N = 50). Polymerase chain reactions were performed to detect DNA ofAnaplasma phagocytophilum, Rickettsiaspp. andBartonellaspp. in the blood of dogs. In dogs of Group I, the DNA of bothA. phagocytophilumandBartonellasp. was detected (14% and 1%, respectively). In eight dogs, coinfection was indicated:A. phagocytophilumorBartonellasp. withB. burgdorferis.l. (the presence of antibodies against and/or DNAB. burgdorferis.l.). In the case of five dogs positive forA. phagocytophilumDNA, no coinfection withB. burgdorferis.l. was shown. In Group II, the DNA ofA. phagocytophilumwas detected in four dogs. In Group III, no pathogenic agents possibly transmitted by ticks were confirmed. No DNA ofR. helveticawas detected in any of the groups studied.

HEALTH RISKS THAT CAT SCRATCH DISEASE CREATES IN HUMANS, CONTROL AND TREATMENT CHOICES

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Ali BİLGİLİ ◽  
Başak HANEDAN ◽  
Muhammet Haydar UYSAL
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cat Scratch Disease ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
The World ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
And Control

It is concluded that animal health affects directly human health considering the fact that major part of diseases in humans result from animals. Bartonella agents are isolated from humans, rodents, rabbits, dogs, ruminants, wild and domestic cats. Bartonella infections are most commonly seen in domestic cats. Cats are considered primary mammalian reservoir in the transmission of zoonotic Bartonella (B.) henselae and B. clarridgeiae infections. Bartonella, vector-borne pathogen commonly appeared in our country and the world, can cause from mild flu signs to severe diseases such as endocarditis, myocarditis, arthritis, hepatitis in humans and animals. After Bartonella infections are transmitted by fleas to cats, cats may remain chronically infected with bacteria for months or years and especially they can transmit the infection to humans by bites or scratches. Cats infected by Bartonella spp. without any clinical signs can transmit the infection to humans. In the context of this review in the light of mentioned knowledge, data were presented for prevalence situations belonging to regions and countries that Bartonella infection commonly occurs in Turkey and the world. In addition, knowledge was given obtained from recent scientific sources for transmission ways of bartonellosis, clinical signs that it causes in humans and animals, diagnosis methods, treatment and control.

scholarly journals Study on coinfecting vector-borne pathogens in dogs and ticks in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Ricardo Gonçalves ◽  
Kilder Dantas Filgueira ◽  
Silvia Maria Mendes Ahid ◽  
Josivânia Soares Pereira ◽  
André Mendes do Vale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Babesia Spp

Since dogs presenting several vector borne diseases can show none or nonspecific clinical signs depending on the phase of infection, the assessment of the particular agents involved is mandatory. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of Babesia spp., Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp., Hepatozoon spp. and Leishmania spp. in blood samples and ticks, collected from two dogs from Rio Grande do Norte showing suggestive tick-borne disease by using molecular techniques. DNA of E. canis, H. canis and L. infantum were detected in blood samples and R. sanguineus ticks collected from dogs. Among all samples analyzed, two showed the presence of multiple infections with E. canis, H. canis and L. infantum chagasi. Here we highlighted the need for molecular differential diagnosis in dogs showing nonspecific clinical signs.

Role of cats in human toxocarosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 400-408
Author(s):  
Pablo David Jimenez Castro ◽  
Sarah GH Sapp
Keyword(s):  
Definitive Host ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Paratenic Hosts

Toxocara cati, the feline ascarid, is ubiquitous in domestic cats globally and is increasingly recognised as an important zoonotic species. In the definitive host, infections with the adult ascarid usually do not present any clinical signs; if clinical signs do appear, it is usually in kittens infected with T. cati, especially by the trans-mammary route. Diseases may include cachexia, a pot-bellied appearance, respiratory disorders, diarrhoea, vomiting, among other signs, and these may present as early as 3 weeks of age. However, infections with Toxocara spp. larvae in paratenic hosts (including humans and many other animals), can result in serious complications from the migration of larvae. Historically, there has been an assumption that Toxocara canis was the most likely cause of Toxocara spp.-related disease; while it is probably true that T. canis is responsible for the majority of infections, it is important that those caused by T. cati are accurately identified so that the contribution of this parasite to human disease can be established and then handled appropriately. Overall, the detection of infections in cats and the control of parasite stages in the environment are essential to minimise the infection risk to other animals or humans.

scholarly journals The role of sheep ked (Melophagus ovinus) as potential vector of protozoa and bacterial pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Werszko ◽  
Marek Asman ◽  
Joanna Witecka ◽  
Żaneta Steiner-Bogdaszewska ◽  
Tomasz Szewczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Potential Vector ◽  
Melophagus Ovinus ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hematophagous Insect

AbstractThe sheep ked (Melophagus ovinus) hematophagous insect may act as a potential vector of vector-borne pathogens. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of Trypanosoma spp., Bartonella spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in sheep ked collected from sheep in Poland. In total, Trypanosoma spp. was detected in 58.91% of M. ovinus, whereas Bartonella spp. and B. burgdorferi s.l. were found in 86.82% and 1.55% of the studied insects, respectively. A. phagocytophilum was not detected in the studied material. In turn, co-infection by Trypanosoma spp. and Bartonella spp. was detected in 50.39%, while co-infection with Trypanosoma spp. and Bartonella spp. and B. burgdorferi s.l. was found in 1.55% of the studied insects. The conducted study showed for the first time the presence of B. burgdorferi s. l. in M. ovinus, as well as for the first time in Poland the presence of Trypanosoma spp. and Bartonella spp. The obtained results suggest that these insects may be a potential vector for these pathogens, but further-more detailed studies are required.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence Canine Survey For Selected Vector-Borne Pathogens of and Its Relationship With Poverty in Metropolitan Pereira, Colombia, 2020*

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana ◽  
Erwin J. Gutiérrez-Grajales ◽  
J. Paola Martínez-Arboleda ◽  
María Angelica Reina-Mora ◽  
Adrián E. Trejos-Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Test System ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Level I

Abstract Background Tick-borne diseases (TBD) and dirofilariasis are currently not under surveillance in most Latin American countries, and there is a significant lack of studies describing the current situation in most endemic areas, including Colombia. Seroprevalence studies are crucial for understanding the epidemiology of these vector-borne diseases. Methods A serosurvey for TBD and dirofilariasis amongst 100 dogs was carried out in the municipality of Pereira, located in the Coffee-Triangle region, Colombia. Samples were tested using a rapid assay test system (SNAP® 4Dx®); based on an enzyme immunoassay technique‚ screening for antibodies to Anaplasma phagocytophilum/platys (sensitivity 99.1%)‚ Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. (98.8%), and Ehrlichia canis/ewingii (96.2%) by using specific antigens, and checking for Dirofilaria immitis antigen based on specific antibodies (99.2%). Bivariate analyses were performed on Stata®14, significant p < 0.05. Results Global seroprevalence to the selected vector-borne pathogens was 74% (95%CI 65–83%). The highest seroprevalence was found for Ehrlichia canis/ewingii (74%), followed by Anaplasma phagocytophilum/platys (16%). Seropositivity for Borrelia spp. and Dirofilaria spp. was 0%. All Anaplasma spp. seropositive dogs showed co-detection of Ehrlichia spp. (16%). Seroprevalence was significantly higher among dogs from families of lower socioeconomic status / level (I, 86%), followed by level II (74%), and III (36%) (p = 0.001); no seropositive dogs were found in for levels IV and V (higher socioeconomic status). All dogs exhibiting anorexia (12%) were invariably seropositive (100%) (p = 0.029). Seroprevalence was higher amongst those showing mucocutaneous paleness (95%) compared to those without paleness (68%) (p = 0.013) (OR = 9.3; 95%CI 1.18–72.9). There was high variability in seroprevalence through the studied areas, ranging from 0% (La Libertad Park) up to Combia, Cesar Nader, Las Brisas and Saturno localities (100%) (p = 0.033). Conclusions Given the high seroprevalence obtained in an area with documented presence of ticks, there is a potential risk for zoonotic transmission to humans. Further seroprevalence studies in humans are needed to assess the prevalence of infections. Poverty is highly associated with these tick-borne pathogens in Pereira, as shown in the present study.

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