scholarly journals Low-specific Symbiotic Germination of Dendrobium Huoshanense in Vitro, an Endangered Epiphytic Orchid Endemic From South China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Jing Tang ◽  
Jun Dai ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Dong-Yu Zhou ◽  
Yong-Mei Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Epiphytic Orchid ◽  
Symbiotic Germination ◽  
Orchid Seed ◽  
Dendrobium Huoshanense ◽  
Initial Seed

Abstract Background: Dendrobium huoshanense is an endangered epiphytic orchid and is endemic to Anhui province of China with a narrow distribution. In nature, orchid seed germination depends on specific mycorrhizal fungi and it is generally assumed that there is a high specific symbiotic germination in narrow distribution orchid. To evaluate the mycorrhizal compatibility and germination-promoting activity of mycorrhizal fungi of D. huoshanense in vitro, we isolated and identified cultured mycorrhizal fungi from the roots of D. huoshanense and D. officinale. A total of 20 mycorrhizal fungal strains (D. huoshanense (n = 6), D. officinale (n = 12), D. nobile (n = 1), D. moniliforme (n = 1)) were used to test the germination-promoting activity of D. huoshanense. Results: In symbiotic germination tests, the mycorrhizal fungi displayed different efficiency in stimulating D. huoshanense seed germination, nine strains stimulated seed development to an advanced seedling stage, while the rest promoted only initial seed germination to stage 2 or stage 3, and the most effective in promoting rapid seed germination was strain 12825(seb) isolated from D. moniliforme, besides, the second most effective fungus was strain WX-7(seb) isolated from D. officinale, both of them belong to Sebacina isolated from non-D. huoshanense. In this study, all twenty fungal strains formed pelotons inside seeds of D. huoshanense based on the trypan blue staining results. Conclusions: Despite its narrow specific habitat preference, D. huoshanense was found to be a mycorrhizal generalist during symbiotic seed germination in vitro. The study is the first to demonstrate the different abilities of orchid mycorrhizal fungi to promote seed germination, protocorm formation and seedling development of D. huoshanense in vitro, providing important microbiological resources for its conservation and reintroduction in nature.

scholarly journals An expanded role for in vitro symbiotic seed germination as a conservation tool: two case studies in North America (Platanthera leucophaea and Epidendrum nocturnum)

Lankesteriana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Massey ◽  
Lawrence Zettler
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Symbiotic Germination ◽  
Symbiotic Seed Germination ◽  
Platanthera Leucophaea

Interest in using mycorrhizal fungi to cultivate orchids from seed in vitro (=symbiotic seed germina- tion) has intensified in recent years and this approach is now an important conservation tool worldwide. In North America, symbiotic germination has been attempted for a growing number of orchid species in peril as a means to acquire seedlings suitable for reintroduction.

scholarly journals Seed germination evaluation of Phalaenopsis amabilis in various media for long-term conservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
DWI MURTI PUSPITANINGTYAS ◽  
ELIZABETH HANDINI
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Presidential Decree ◽  
Orchid Seed ◽  
Leaf Fertilizer

Abstract. Puspitaningtyas DM, Handini E. 2021. Seed germination evaluation of Phalaenopsis amabilis in various media for long-term conservation. Biodiversitas 22: 5231-5238. Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume (moon orchid) is one of Indonesia's national flowers, which is mentioned in Presidential Decree No. 4/1993. Study on the orchid seed of P. amabilis was conducted to observe the longevity of seeds storage. The purpose of this study was to determine the viability of P. amabilis seeds after storage for years, then to predict the life span of the seeds, and to find out the best media germination for P. amabilis seeds. After harvesting, P. amabilis seeds were stored at –20 °C and the germination tests were carried out periodically in different periods until the seeds lose their viability to determine the optimum conditions for long-term seed storage. Four trial media cultures have been used to test seed germination by means of in vitro culture. The result showed that seeds of P. amabilis were able to germinate in 4 media i.e. Knudson C, modified Knudson C, modified Vacin & Went and modified leaf fertilizer. The best germination was on leaf fertilizer medium. Based on the research showed that the viability seeds of P. amabilis decreased sharply after 6 years stored. By using regression analysis, the life span of the seeds could be predicted can reach 9 years of storage which is sowing on the best media (leaf fertilizer).

scholarly journals Symbiotic and Asymbiotic Germination of Dendrobium officinale (Orchidaceae) Respond Differently to Exogenous Gibberellins

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Chen ◽  
Bo Yan ◽  
Yanjing Tang ◽  
Yongmei Xing ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dendrobium Officinale ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Symbiotic Germination ◽  
Asymbiotic Germination

Seeds of almost all orchids depend on mycorrhizal fungi to induce their germination in the wild. The regulation of this symbiotic germination of orchid seeds involves complex crosstalk interactions between mycorrhizal establishment and the germination process. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gibberellins (GAs) on the symbiotic germination of Dendrobium officinale seeds and its functioning in the mutualistic interaction between orchid species and their mycobionts. To do this, we used liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer to quantify endogenous hormones across different development stages between symbiotic and asymbiotic germination of D. officinale, as well as real-time quantitative PCR to investigate gene expression levels during seed germination under the different treatment concentrations of exogenous gibberellic acids (GA3). Our results showed that the level of endogenous GA3 was not significantly different between the asymbiotic and symbiotic germination groups, but the ratio of GA3 and abscisic acids (ABA) was significantly higher during symbiotic germination than asymbiotic germination. Exogenous GA3 treatment showed that a high concentration of GA3 could inhibit fungal colonization in the embryo cell and decrease the seed germination rate, but did not significantly affect asymbiotic germination or the growth of the free-living fungal mycelium. The expression of genes involved in the common symbiotic pathway (e.g., calcium-binding protein and calcium-dependent protein kinase) responded to the changed concentrations of exogenous GA3. Taken together, our results demonstrate that GA3 is probably a key signal molecule for crosstalk between the seed germination pathway and mycorrhiza symbiosis during the orchid seed symbiotic germination.

A classroom exercise in hand pollination and in vitro asymbiotic orchid seed germination

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Kauth ◽  
Timothy R. Johnson ◽  
Scott L. Stewart ◽  
Michael E. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Classroom Exercise ◽  
Orchid Seed ◽  
Orchid Seed Germination

scholarly journals A novel seed baiting technique for the epiphytic orchid Rhynchostele cervantesii, a means to acquire mycorrhizal fungi from protocorms

Lankesteriana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Bernardo Cruz-Higareda ◽  
Bárbara Susana Luna-Rosales ◽  
Amadeo Barba-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Epiphytic Orchid ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Mature Seeds

We developed a new and novel seed baiting technique sowing mature seeds of the epiphyitic orchid Rhynchostele cervantesii under natural conditions, We introduced a sponge in each package that may serve as a reservoir for water retention to benefit germination; In three of 22 packets we found protocorms in an early stage of development, six of wich were of sufficient size to warrant fungal isolations; Nine strains were isolated in pure culture and were inoculated on seeds and protocorms under in vitro conditions. 

scholarly journals Asymbiotic seed germination and multiplication of an endangered orchid – Paphiopedilum venustum (Wall. ex Sims.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saranjeet Kaur ◽  
Kamlesh Kumar Bhutani
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Terrestrial Orchid ◽  
Asymbiotic Seed Germination ◽  
Orchid Seed ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Potato Powder ◽  
Survival Frequency

The present study was intended to facilitate ex situ conservation of <em>Paphiopedilum venustum</em>, a highly floriferous endangered terrestrial orchid species. A protocol was established for in vitro propagation and shoot multiplication. The cultures were initiated through asymbiotic seed germination technique, using undehisced and dehisced capsules. Four defined asymbiotic orchid seed germination media (terrestrial orchid medium, modified terrestrial orchid medium, Malmgren modified terrestrial orchid medium, Knudson C medium) were evaluated for their effectiveness in achieving maximum seed germination and early seedling development. The effect of darkness and 12-h photoperiod was also tested. Optimum seed germination, i.e., 82.7% was achieved on modified terrestrial orchid medium under a 12-h photoperiod using seeds from undehisced capsules. Shoot multiplication was accomplished using organic [peptone (1.0, 2.0 g L<sup>−1</sup>)] and inorganic [banana homogenate (10, 20, 30 g L<sup>−1</sup>) and potato powder (5.0, 10 g L<sup>−1</sup>)] growth supplements. Peptone at 1.0 g L<sup>−1</sup> was the most effective in multiplying the shoots. Plantlets were acclimatized in the greenhouse with 80% survival frequency.

scholarly journals Effects of fungicides and bactericides on orchid seed germination and shoot tip cultures in vitro

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Brown ◽  
C. L. Groom ◽  
M. Cvitanik ◽  
M. Brown ◽  
J. L. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Orchid Seed ◽  
Orchid Seed Germination

scholarly journals Organic Compounds: Contents and Their Role in Improving Seed Germination and Protocorm Development in Orchids

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Edy Setiti Wida Utami ◽  
Sucipto Hariyanto
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Seedling Development

In nature, orchid seed germination is obligatory following infection by mycorrhizal fungi, which supplies the developing embryo with water, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, causing the seeds to germinate relatively slowly and at a low germination rate. The nonsymbiotic germination of orchid seeds found in 1922 is applicable to in vitro propagation. The success of seed germination in vitro is influenced by supplementation with organic compounds. Here, we review the scientific literature in terms of the contents and role of organic supplements in promoting seed germination, protocorm development, and seedling growth in orchids. We systematically collected information from scientific literature databases including Scopus, Google Scholar, and ProQuest, as well as published books and conference proceedings. Various organic compounds, i.e., coconut water (CW), peptone (P), banana homogenate (BH), potato homogenate (PH), chitosan (CHT), tomato juice (TJ), and yeast extract (YE), can promote seed germination and growth and development of various orchids. They also stimulate seedling development, formation of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs), plantlet growth, and multiple shoot formation. The addition of organic compounds to culture media, individually or in combination, accelerates seed germination and seedling development. Different types and concentrations of organic nutrients are needed for the success of in vitro cultures, depending on the species and genotype.

scholarly journals Propagation and reintroduction of Caladenia

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magali Wright ◽  
Rob Cross ◽  
Kingsley Dixon ◽  
Tien Huynh ◽  
Ann Lawrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Terrestrial Orchid ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Nurse Plants ◽  
Mycorrhizal Associations ◽  
Symbiotic Germination ◽  
Growing Conditions

Many Caladenia species have been reduced to extremely small and/or fragmented populations, and reintroduction/translocation into natural or rehabilitated habitats, by using ex situ propagated plants or via direct seeding, represents an important adjunct in conservation planning. However, Caladenia species are some of the most difficult terrestrial orchid taxa to propagate, in part because of the specificity of the mycorrhizal associations and the need to provide growing conditions that suit both the mycorrhizal fungi and Caladenia plants. The present paper reviews recent advances in Caladenia propagation and reintroduction methods, including in vitro seed germination, transferral from in vitro to nursery environments, ex vitro symbiotic germination (germination in inoculated nursery media), nursery cultivation, the use of nurse plants and reintroduction of Caladenia into natural habitats by using seed, dormant tubers or growing plants. Techniques discussed in the present paper increase the options for future Caladenia conservation programs, especially for those species currently on the brink of extinction.

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