Highly Salt-Resistant and All-Weather Solar-Driven Interfacial Evaporators with Photothermal and Electrothermal Effects Based on Janus Graphene@Silicone Sponges

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingxiao Li ◽  
Junping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Performance Degradation ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Solar Absorption ◽  
Water Collection ◽  
Electrothermal Effects ◽  
Salt Diffusion

Abstract Solar-driven interfacial evaporators are very promising for obtaining clean water, but suffer from serious performance degradation by salt-fouling, low evaporation rate under weak illumination and low clean water collection rate. Here, we report highly salt-resistant and all-weather evaporators with photothermal and electrothermal effects based on the Janus graphene@silicone sponges with opposing wettability. The evaporators achieve a remarkable high evaporation rate of 6.53 kg m-2 h-1 for 3.5 wt% NaCl solution under 1 sun illumination with a 5 V solar cell as compensation owing to their high solar absorption, low thermal conductivity, unique Janus structure and synergetic photothermal and electrothermal effects. Even in gloomy and dark environments, the evaporators could still generate vapor (1.51 kg m-2 h-1). Moreover, the evaporators feature long-term excellent salt-resistance, e.g., >10 d continuous evaporation in 10 wt% NaCl solution without performance degradation and salt precipitation, because of ultrafast water supply and salt diffusion in the macroporous superhydrophilic shell. Furthermore, the evaporators show high clean water collection rates of 21.92 kg m-2 d-1 (1 sun-9 h/0 sun-15 h + 5 V, indoor) and 9.65 kg m-2 d-1 (natural sun light + 5 V, outdoor). This study offers a new approach for efficiently obtaining clean water via solar desalination.

A high-absorption and self-driven salt-resistant black gold nanoparticle-deposited sponge for highly efficient, salt-free, and long-term durable solar desalination

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2581-2588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yizhen Liu ◽  
Zhipeng Liu ◽  
Qichen Huang ◽  
Xuechen Liang ◽  
Xuechang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticle ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
The Self ◽  
Solar Absorption ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Solar Desalination ◽  
High Absorption

The self-driven salt resistance mechanism and high solar absorption of BDS realized efficient and long-term durable solar desalination.

Reactivity of Pulmonary Alveolar Cells to Crocidolite Asbestos Fibers

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 334-335
Author(s):  
Charles L. Sanders ◽  
Roy R. Adee
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Fiber Suspension ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Alveolar Cells ◽  
Asbestos Fibers ◽  
Fischer Rats ◽  
Mineral Silicates

Asbestos is a generic name for a group of hydrated mineral silicates that occur naturally in a fibrous form. The early interactions of asbestos fibers with alveolar cells in large part determines their long-term toxicity. Young adult, SPF, Fischer rats were given a single intratracheal instillation of 2 mg crocidolite asbestos suspended in 0.5 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution. About 80% of the fibers had lengths of less than 10 ym as measured on light micrographs of the fiber suspension. Two rats were killed at 3 hr, 1 d and 1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 wk after instillation and the lungs instilled with 8 ml McDowell - Trumps at 20 cm H2O. Lung tissue was dehydrated and sputtered coated with palladium-gold for SEM or post-fixed in osmium tetroxide, embedded in epoxy resin and sections stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate for TEM.

ANALISA LOGAM BESI (Fe) DI SUNGAI PASAR DAERAH BELANGWETAN KLATEN DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI SERAPAN ATOM

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Rahmi Nurhaini ◽  
Arief Affandi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Research Result ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Observational Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Republic

Iron (Fe) is one of many heavy metals that is corrosive resistant, dense, and has a low melting point. If accumulated in the body, the metal can cause some medical conditions, such as irritation to skin and eyes, breathing problems, and in the long term, cancer. This research aims to know generally the spread of metallic iron (Fe) in the river Pasar in Belangwetan, Klaten. This study was conducted using an observational method in which researchers did not examine the effects of interventions. Sampling was done using purposive sampling method taken from three points, namely the upper, middle, lower. Determination of iron levels by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) obtained a positive result, and the data was processed using SPSS to determine the Mean and Standard Deviation. Of the research result, it could be known the Mean score was 2.33 ppm and SD was 0.0352. The result of this research indicated that the levels of iron in the river Pasar in Belangwetan were 2.33 ppm. It means that the levels violate the regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, which is not more than 1mg/L (1ppm) in the clean water

scholarly journals Utilización de técnicas petrográficas para evaluar los efectos inducidos del NaCl, condiciones climáticas extremas y el paso del tráfico en las superficies de las carreteras españolas

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (328) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Pérez-Fortes ◽  
M. J. Varas-Muriel ◽  
P. Castiñeiras
Keyword(s):  
El Paso ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Winter Maintenance ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Wheel Tracking Test ◽  
Wheel Tracking ◽  
Design Construction

The asphalt surface layer is the most exposed to weather and traffic conditions on roads, especially those subjected to winter maintenance. Therefore, a deep knowledge of the mechanisms which can damage this layer is necessary to improve its design, construction and long-term use. With this purpose, two types of asphalt mixtures used on roads from NW Spain were subjected to durability tests (freezing-thaw and thermal-stress) with a saturated NaCl solution. After the durability tests, a wheel tracking test was performed on the samples, and the resultant material was analyzed by optical polarized light and fluorescence microscopy. This analysis showed that the binder-aggregate low adhesion was the main responsible of the asphalt mixture damage. This damage was concentrated in the aggregates because the binder acted as an impermeable wall. Consequently, the NaCl solution penetrated and degraded the aggregates quickly and strongly.

Spent Fuel Corrosion Behavior in Salt Solution in the Presence of Hydrogen Overpressure

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Loida ◽  
Bernd Grambow ◽  
Horst Geckeis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Matrix Bound ◽  
Safety Assessments ◽  
Container Material

Abstract The simultaneous corrosion of spent fuel and Fe-based container material is characterized by the formation of large amounts of hydrogen, which control the composition of the gas phase. Various experimental data indicate that the matrix dissolution rate and the release rates of important radionuclides decrease, if the H2 overpressure increases. To quantify to what extent the hydrogen overpressure may counteract radiolysis enhanced matrix dissolution rates, and to take credit from the effect of hydrogen overpressure in long-term safety assessments of the repository, a detailed experimental investigation has been initiated. High burnup spent fuel is being corroded under anoxic conditions in the absence of carbonate in 5m NaCl solution under an external H2 overpressure of 3.3 bar. This pressure is in the same range as observed in a long-term test using spent fuel and Fe-powder. Results obtained after 117 days of testing show that due to constant or decreasing concentrations of Sr and other matrix bound radionuclides, corrosion rates were not measurable indicating a stop of matrix dissolution or very low long-term rates. Grain boundary release of Cs and fission gases was found to continue under hydrogen overpressure. Compared to tests in the absence of hydrogen solution concentrations decreased by about ca. 1.5 orders of magnitude for U (10−8 M), Am, Eu (10−10 M), whereas the decrease of Np (3×10−10 M), Tc (5×10−9 M) and Pu (4×10−9 M) concentrations was found to be less significant.

Experimental Study of the Effect of Injection Different Kinds of Water on Extra Low Permeability Reservoir

2014 ◽  
Vol 968 ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
Tao Ping Chen ◽  
Xian Xi Su
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Low Permeability Reservoir ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Injection Water ◽  
Ultra Filtration

The experiment study effect of injection different kinds of water on extra low permeability reservoir of Yushulin Oilfield. In the condition of actual temperature and pressure of the reservoir, through the experimental study the effect of injection different kinds of water on extra low permeability core. Experiments include injecting clean water, injecting clean water with scale inhibitor, injecting traditional treated sewage, injecting deep treated sewage, injecting deep treated sewage with scale inhibitor. The experimental results show that: Long term injecting clean water and clean water with scale inhibitor are harmless to core; Injecting traditional treated sewage, high content of oil and impurity bring injection pressure go up, the permeability of core down sharply; Injecting deep treated (aeration + flotation (PAC+PAM) + filtration + ultra filtration (FeCl3)) sewage must be added scale inhibitor, otherwise injection pressure continuously increase, permeability of the core continuously decrease, which seriously affect injection water.

Long-term potential performance degradation analysis method based on dynamical probability model

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 4410-4417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Hua ◽  
Guang-Hua Xu ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Yi-Zhuo Zhang ◽  
Jun Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Probability Model ◽  
Performance Degradation ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Degradation Analysis

Greenhouse Heating With a Fresh Water Floating Collectors Solar Pond: A Feasibility Study

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Arbel ◽  
M. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Radiation Absorption ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Solar Absorption ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Radiation Properties ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Conventional Oil

The fresh water floating collectors solar pond was investigated both experimentally and theoretically in a previous work, and it is now matched, by simulation, with the heat load requirements of a greenhouse. Results of the simulation indicate that such a pond is a potential energy source for greenhouse heating. This is especially true when the material properties are such that solar absorption and storage are enhanced. To demonstrate this point, three sets of collectors constructed with materials of different physical (radiation) properties were tested. One set is constructed of common materials which are readily available and are normally used as covers for greenhouses. The second set is made of improved materials which are also available but have a smaller long-wave transmittance. The last set is made of “ideal” material which additionally possesses selective radiation absorption properties. Collectors made of “ideal” materials make a superior solar pond; thus, manufacturing films with improved properties should become a worthwhile challenge for the agricultural polyethylene-films industry. Preliminary economic studies indicate that even with the low oil (< $20/Bbl) prices which exist between 1986-1989, the fresh water floating collectors solar pond provides an economically attractive alternative to the conventional oil-burning heating system. This is especially true in mild climate areas and when the large initial investment is justified by long-term greenhouse utilization planning.

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