scholarly journals Clinical Outcomes of Genotype-Matched Therapy For Recurrent Gynecological Cancers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoka Sawada ◽  
Kentaro Nakayama ◽  
Kohei Nakamura ◽  
Yuki Yoshimura ◽  
Sultana Razia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Gynecological Cancers ◽  
Gynecological Tumors ◽  
Target Sequencing ◽  
Genome Medicine ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Resistance To Chemotherapy

Abstract Background: Recent advances in next-generation sequencing and genome medicine has contributed to treatment decisions in patients with cancer. Most advanced gynecological cancers develop resistance to chemotherapy and have a poor prognosis. Therefore, we conducted genomic tests in gynecological tumors to examine the efficacy and clinical feasibility of genotype-matched therapy. Methods: Target sequencing was performed in 20 cases of gynecological cancers (cervical cancer, 6; endometrial cancer, 6; and ovarian cancer, 6).Results: Both actionable and druggable genes were identified in 95% (19/20) of the cases. Among them, seven patients (35%) received genotype-matched therapy, which was effective in three patients. Of the three patients, one patient with a PTEN mutation received everolimus, another patient with a TSC2 mutation received everolimus and letrozole, and the patient with a BRIP1 mutation received olaparib. Subsequently, disease control in these three patients lasted for more than half a year. However, all patients relapsed between 9 and 13 months after the initiation of genotype-matched therapy. In this study, the response rate of genotype-matched therapy was 43% (3/7), which may have contributed to improved prognoses.Conclusions: Therefore, genotype-matched therapies may help patients with refractory gynecological cancers achieve better outcomes.

scholarly journals Clinical Outcomes of Genotype-Matched Therapy for Recurrent Gynecological Cancers: A Single Institutional Experience

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1395
Author(s):  
Kiyoka Sawada ◽  
Kentaro Nakayama ◽  
Kohei Nakamura ◽  
Yuki Yoshimura ◽  
Sultana Razia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Gynecological Cancers ◽  
Target Sequencing ◽  
Genome Medicine ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Institutional Experience ◽  
Therapy Target ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Resistance To Chemotherapy

Recent advances in next-generation sequencing and genome medicine have contributed to treatment decisions in patients with cancer. Most advanced gynecological cancers develop resistance to chemotherapy and have a poor prognosis. Therefore, we conducted genomic tests in gynecological tumors to examine the efficacy and clinical feasibility of genotype-matched therapy. Target sequencing was performed in 20 cases of gynecological cancers (cervical cancer, 6; endometrial cancer, 6; and ovarian cancer, 6). Both actionable and druggable genes were identified in 95% (19/20) of the cases. Among them, seven patients (35%) received genotype-matched therapy, which was effective in three patients. Of the three patients, one patient with a PTEN mutation received everolimus, another patient with a TSC2 mutation received everolimus and letrozole, and the patient with a BRIP1 mutation received olaparib. Subsequently, disease control in these three patients lasted for more than half a year. However, all patients relapsed between 9 and 13 months after the initiation of genotype-matched therapy. In this study, the response rate of genotype-matched therapy was 43% (3/7), which may have contributed to improved prognoses. Therefore, genotype-matched therapies may help patients with refractory gynecological cancers achieve better outcomes.

The emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in ovarian cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin-xue Wang ◽  
Yi-xiang Wang ◽  
Yi-ke Li ◽  
Shi-yan Tu ◽  
Yi-qing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Apoptotic Bodies ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Gynecological Malignancy ◽  
Resistance To Chemotherapy

: Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the deadliest gynecological malignancy. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is its most common form. OC has both a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate due to the difficulties of early diagnosis, the limitation of current treatment and resistance to chemotherapy. Extracellular vesicles is a heterogeneous group of cellderived submicron vesicles which can be detected in body fluids, and it can be classified into three main types including exosomes, micro-vesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Cancer cells can produce more EVs than healthy cells. Moreover, the contents of these EVs have been found distinct from each other. It has been considered that EVs shedding from tumor cells may be implicated in clinical applications. Such as a tool for tumor diagnosis, prognosis and potential treatment of certain cancers. In this review, we provide a brief description of EVs in diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, drug-resistant of OC. Cancer-related EVs show powerful influences on tumors by various biological mechanisms. However, the contents mentioned above remain in the laboratory stage and there is a lack of large-scale clinical trials, and the maturity of the purification and detection methods is a constraint. In addition, amplification of oncogenes on ecDNA is remarkably prevalent in cancer, it may be possible that ecDNA can be encapsulated in EVs and thus detected by us. In summary, much more research on EVs needs to be perform to reveal breakthroughs in OC and to accelerate the process of its application on clinic.

scholarly journals 243P Target sequencing of 508 genes in Chinese epithelial ovarian cancer patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. S1338
Author(s):  
L. Lei ◽  
S. Kang ◽  
L. Meng ◽  
Z. Jianwei ◽  
W. Kui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Target Sequencing

scholarly journals Prognostic significance of bone marrow FDG uptake in patients with gynecological cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kotaro Shimura ◽  
Seiji Mabuchi ◽  
Naoko Komura ◽  
Eriko Yokoi ◽  
Katsumi Kozasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Standardized Uptake Value ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Fdg Uptake

AbstractWe investigated the prognostic significance and the underlying mechanism of increased bone marrow (BM) 2-(18F) fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose as a tracer (FDG)-uptake in patients with gynecological cancer. A list of patients diagnosed with cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancer from January 2008 to December 2014 were identified. Then, through chart reviews, 559 patients who underwent staging by FDG-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) and subsequent surgical resection were identified, and their clinical data were reviewed retrospectively. BM FDG-uptake was evaluated using maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and BM-to-aorta uptake ratio (BAR). As a result, we have found that increased BAR was observed in 20 (8.7%), 21 (13.0%), 21 (12.6%) of cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancer, respectively, and was associated with significantly shorter survival. Increased BAR was also closely associated with increased granulopoiesis. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that tumor-derived granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was involved in the underlying causative mechanism of increased BM FDG-uptake, and that immune suppression mediated by G-CSF-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) is responsible for the poor prognosis of this type of cancer. In conclusion, increased BM FDG-uptake, as represented by increased BAR, is an indicator of poor prognosis in patients with gynecological cancer.

scholarly journals Molecular Biology of Ovarian Cancer: From Mechanisms of Intraperitoneal Metastasis to Therapeutic Opportunities

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1661
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Książek
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Gynecological Tumors ◽  
Female Genital

Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most frequent malignancies of the female genital tract, and is still the leading cause of death from gynecological tumors [...]

scholarly journals OTUB1-catalyzed deubiquitination of FOXM1 facilitates tumor progression and predicts a poor prognosis in ovarian cancer

Oncotarget ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (24) ◽  
pp. 36681-36697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqin Wang ◽  
Xianrong Zhou ◽  
Midie Xu ◽  
Weiwei Weng ◽  
Qiongyan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Poor Prognosis

scholarly journals Small Cell Ovarian Cancer in Adolescents: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rovithi ◽  
A. G. Pallis ◽  
A. Kalykaki ◽  
E. Lagoudaki ◽  
L. Giannikaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Combination Chemotherapy ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Review Of The Literature

Ovarian small cell carcinoma is a rare and highly malignant neoplasm carrying a poor prognosis. Although combination chemotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment due to the rarity of these tumors, no regimen can be recommended as standard of care although in the majority of cases platinum-based regimens are used. Herein, we report two cases of small cell carcinoma of the ovaries along with a review of the relevant literature.

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