Effects of temperature and salinity interaction on Vibrio spp and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the intercontinental Euro-African Atlantic

Abstract Vibrionaceae include several human pathogens such as Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio vulnificus or Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The risk of vibriosis is increasing worldwide due to the effects of climate change and modified patterns of food consumption, leading to a considerable economic and public health interest in understanding the factors related to the greater abundance of vibrios. Fluctuations in Vibrio populations are strongly affected by changes in temperature and salinity, nonetheless, there is substantial variability in their effect and discrepancies in their specific roles. In this study, we analyzed the abundance, and spatiotemporal distribution of Vibrio in the Euro-African Atlantic area, focusing the investigation on associations with environmental factors and with an emphasis on V. parahaemolyticus. Using membrane-filtration, cultures and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, 191 samples from 12 locations were analysed and a biochemical and proteomic profile created. We developed two multivariate linear regression models for the density of Vibrio spp (adjusted R2 = 0.32 and 0.27) and a logistic regression model for the occurrence of V. parahaemolyticus (R2Nagelkerke = 0.32, Accuracy = 77%). Including the interaction between sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity in linear regression helps to explain the discrepancies found in several studies on the effect of these variables on the abundance of vibrios.

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Selectivity and Specificity of a Chromogenic Medium for Detecting Vibrio parahaemolyticus†

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-68.7.1454 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 68 (7) ◽

pp. 1454-1456 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

YI-CHENG SU ◽

JINGYUN DUAN ◽

WEN-HSIN WU

Keyword(s):

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

Bile Salts ◽

Vibrio Vulnificus ◽

Enterobacter Cloacae ◽

Most Probable Number ◽

Chromogenic Medium ◽

Probable Number ◽

Vibrio Fluvialis ◽

Vibrio Mimicus ◽

Vibrio Spp

The thiosulfate–citrate–bile salts–sucrose agar (TCBS) used in the most-probable-number method for detecting Vibrio parahaemolyticus cannot differentiate growth of V. parahaemolyticus from Vibrio vulnificus or Vibrio mimicus. This study examined the selectivity and specificity of Bio-Chrome Vibrio medium (BCVM), a chromogenic medium that detects V. parahaemolyticus on the basis of the formation of distinct purple colonies on the medium. A panel consisting of 221 strains of bacteria, including 179 Vibrio spp. and 42 non-Vibrio spp., were examined for their ability to grow and produce colored colonies on BCVM. Growth of Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Aeromonas was inhibited by both BCVM and TCBS. All 148 strains of V. parahaemolyticus grew on BCVM, and 145 of them produced purple colonies. The remaining 31 Vibrio spp., except one strain of Vibrio fluvialis, were either unable to grow or produced blue-green or white colonies on BCVM. Bio-Chrome Vibrio medium was capable of differentiating V. parahaemolyticus from other species, including V. vulnificus and V. mimicus. Further studies are needed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of BCVM for detecting V. parahaemolyticus in foods.

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Prevalence of Vibrio spp. in Retail Seafood in Berlin, Germany

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-366 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 593-597 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

THI THU TRA VU ◽

THOMAS ALTER ◽

STEPHAN HUEHN

Keyword(s):

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

Vibrio Vulnificus ◽

International Organization ◽

Cross Contamination ◽

Virulence Markers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Prevalence ◽

The Difference ◽

Prevalent Species ◽

Vibrio Spp

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Vibrio spp. in retail seafood in Berlin, Germany. A total of 160 raw seafood samples from supermarkets and seafood shops, consisting of shrimp (n = 80) and bivalves (n = 80), were investigated for the presence of Vibrio spp. using the International Organization for Standardization ISO/TS 21872 method and a multiplex PCR. The overall prevalence of Vibrio spp. in retail seafood was 55% (95% CI: 47.2 to 62.8%). The prevalence of Vibrio spp. in shrimp was slightly higher than in bivalves (57.5 versus 52.5%); however, the difference was not statistically significant. Vibrio alginolyticus was the most prevalent species (35.6%), followed by Vibrio parahaemolyticus (27.5%), Vibrio cholerae (6.3%), and Vibrio vulnificus (0.6%). None of the V. parahaemolyticus (n = 110) isolates encoded tdh/trh genes, whereas all V. cholerae isolates (n = 27) were lacking ctxA. Among the chilled samples (n = 105), the prevalence of Vibrio spp. in unpacked samples was significantly higher than in packed samples (P = 0.006). Among the packed samples (n = 55), no significant difference in the prevalence of Vibrio spp. was observed between chilled or frozen products. The results of this study indicated a high prevalence of Vibrio spp. in retail seafood in Germany; positive samples were detected in all types of seafood investigated. The detection of tdh/trh-negative V. parahaemolyticus isolates should not be neglected because of previous findings on pathogenic strains lacking these virulence markers. Even though thorough cooking might limit the risk of foodborne illness caused by Vibrio, potential cross-contamination during preparation or consumption of raw and undercooked seafood might represent a risk of Vibrio infections.

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Effect of Ploidy on Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus Levels in Cultured Oysters

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/jfp-20-202 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 83 (11) ◽

pp. 2014-2017

Author(s):

JESSICA L. JONES ◽

KERI A. LYDON ◽

WILLIAM C. WALTON

Keyword(s):

Crassostrea Virginica ◽

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Vibrio Vulnificus ◽

High Quality ◽

Colony Hybridization ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Rapid Growth Rate ◽

Vibrio Spp ◽

Half Sibling

ABSTRACT Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus are naturally occurring human pathogenic bacteria commonly found in estuarine environments where oysters are cultured. The use of triploid oysters has increased due to their rapid growth rate and because they maintain a high quality throughout the year. Previous work suggested levels of Vibrio spp. may be lower in triploid oysters than diploid oysters. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether there is a difference in the abundances of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus between half-sibling diploid and triploid American oysters (Crassostrea virginica). In four trials, 100 individual oysters (either iced or temperature abused) were analyzed for V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus by using direct plating followed by colony hybridization. Mean levels of V. parahaemolyticus in iced and abused diploid oysters were 3.55 and 4.21 log CFU/g, respectively. Mean levels in iced and abused triploid oysters were 3.49 and 4.27 log CFU/g, respectively. Mean levels of V. vulnificus in iced and abused diploid oysters were 3.53 and 4.56 log CFU/g, respectively. Mean levels in iced and abused triploid oysters were 3.54 and 4.55 log CFU/g, respectively. The differences in Vibrio spp. abundances between diploid and triploid oysters was not significant (P > 0.05). However, the differences across treatments were significant (P < 0.05), with the exception of V. parahaemolyticus levels in trial 3 (P = 0.83). Variation between individual oysters was also observed, with 12 of 808 measurements being outside of the 95th percentile. This phenomenon of occasional statistical outliers (“hot” or “cold” oysters) has been previously described and supports the appropriateness of composite sampling to account for inherent animal variability. In summary, the data indicate that abundances of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus are not dependent on the ploidy of cultured oysters but vary with the type of handling. HIGHLIGHTS

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Application Of The Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (M-PCR) For The Screening Of Vibrio Spp. From Rivers In Kuching, Sarawak

Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology ◽

10.33736/bjrst.219.2015 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 16-17

Author(s):

Mickey Vincent ◽

Lawrance Tuah ◽

Christy Chan Sien Wei ◽

Lesley Maurice Bilung ◽

Kasing Apun

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Vibrio Vulnificus ◽

Simultaneous Detection ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Single Tube ◽

Predominant Species ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Vibrio Spp

The present study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of Vibrio spp. from selected rivers in Kuching,Sarawak (Malaysia) using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (m-PCR). During the 6-month study period,19 samples were collected monthly from 7 rivers, followed by simultaneous detection of three Vibrio spp.,Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus, in a single tube PCR reaction. Three sets ofprimers targeting the thermolabile (tl), outer membrane protein (ompW) and hemolysin/cytolysin genes(vulCulsl) of V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae and V. vulnificus, respectively, were used. The results indicatedthat V. parahaemolyticus was the predominant species, occurring approximately 60.9% throughout thesampling period, followed by V. cholerae (23.1%) and V. vulnificus (16.0%). The months of July andDecember were found to be the months where all three Vibrio spp. were found to be at higher frequencies inthe river samples. Results analyzed also indicated that the rivers with the highest prevalence of the three Vibriospp. were Tambak Sejingkat, followed by Sungai Jernang and Sungai Tabuan. We conclude that m-PCR is apowerful and useful tool for the rapid and simultaneous detection of V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae and V.vulnificus from the riverine environments without the need for isolation and culturing. Furthermore, thismethod is highly specific, and could be applied in diagnostic laboratories for larger scale epidemiologicalinvestigations of Vibrio spp.

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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Vibrio spp. in Retail and Farm Shrimps in Ecuador

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-160 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 78 (11) ◽

pp. 2089-2092 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

L. SPERLING ◽

T. ALTER ◽

S. HUEHN

Keyword(s):

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Vibrio Vulnificus ◽

Common Species ◽

Retail Markets ◽

Early Mortality Syndrome ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease ◽

Shrimp Farms ◽

Vibrio Spp

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Vibrio spp. in shrimp at retail and in shrimp farms in Ecuador and to determine the antimicrobial agent resistance patterns of farm isolates. The presence of genes linked to early mortality syndrome (EMS) or acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) also was evaluated. Vibrio spp. were isolated from retail shrimps in Cuenca, Ecuador, and farm shrimps originating from provinces El Oro and Guayas, Ecuador. A total of 229 shrimp samples were collected, of which 71 originated from retail markets in Cuenca and 158 came from shrimp farms. Overall, 219 (95.6%) samples tested positive for Vibrio spp. Vibrio parahaemolyticus (80.8%) was the most common species detected, followed by Vibrio alginolyticus (50.2%), Vibrio cholerae (11.3%), and Vibrio vulnificus (3.5%). None of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates carried the virulence-associated tdh and trh genes. In V. parahaemolyticus shrimp farm isolates, high resistance was found to ampicillin (92.2%), and intermediate resistance was found to tetracycline (51.3%) and amikacin (22.1%). Of the V. parahaemolyticus strains, 68 were resistant to at least three antimicrobial agents, and 2 were resistant to seven antimicrobial agents simultaneously. Up to 18 resistant isolates were found for V. alginolyticus, whereas V. vulnificus and V. cholerae isolates were more susceptible. None of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates carried the EMS-AHPND plasmid. The results of this study revealed the ubiquitous occurrence of Vibrio spp. in shrimps at retail and on shrimp farms in Ecuador.

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Vibrios patogênicos em ostras (Crassostrea rhizophorae) servidas em restaurantes no Rio de Janeiro: um alerta para a Saúde Pública

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/s0037-86822007000300010 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 300-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Christiane Soares Pereira ◽

Célio Mauro Viana ◽

Dália dos Prazeres Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Vibrio Vulnificus ◽

Vibrio Alginolyticus ◽

Crassostrea Rhizophorae ◽

Vibrio Spp

Avaliaram-se 40 amostras de ostras (Crassostrea rhizophorae) servidas in natura em 15 restaurantes da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a fim de investigar a presença de Vibrio spp. As amostras de ostras foram analisadas e submetidas a enriquecimento em água peptonada alcalina adicionada de 1 e 3% de NaCl, incubadas a 37°C por 24 horas. Em seguida, os cultivos foram semeados em agar tiossulfato citrato bile sacarose e as colônias suspeitas foram submetidas à caracterização bioquímica. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio carchariae, Vibrio alginolyticus e Vibrio vulnificus representaram as principais espécies (> 60%) isoladas a partir das ostras in natura.

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DIN EN ISO 21872-1:2017-10, Mikrobiologie der Lebensmittelkette_- Horizontales Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Vibrio spp._- Teil_1: Nachweis von potentiell enteropathenogenen Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae und Vibrio vulnificus (ISO_21872-1:2017); Deutsche Fassung EN_ISO_21872-1:2017

10.31030/2632118 ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Vibrio Cholerae ◽

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

Vibrio Vulnificus ◽

Vibrio Spp

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Occurrence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio vulnificus in the Aquacultural Environments of Taiwan

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-405 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 78 (5) ◽

pp. 969-976 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

YAO HSIEN TEY ◽

KOA-JEN JONG ◽

SHIN-YUAN FEN ◽

HIN-CHUNG WONG

Keyword(s):

Water Temperature ◽

Vibrio Cholerae ◽

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

Membrane Filtration ◽

Vibrio Vulnificus ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Isolation Frequency ◽

Freshwater Ponds ◽

Pathogenic Vibrio ◽

Southern Taiwan

The occurrence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, and Vibrio cholerae in a total of 72 samples from six aquaculture ponds for groupers, milk fish, and tilapia in southern Taiwan was examined by the membrane filtration and colony hybridization method. The halophilic V. parahaemolyticus was only recovered in seawater ponds, with a high isolation frequency of 86.1% and a mean density of 2.6 log CFU/g. V. cholerae was found in both the seawater and freshwater ponds but preferentially in freshwater ponds, with a frequency of 72.2% and a mean density of 1.65 log CFU/g. V. vulnificus was identified mainly in seawater ponds, with an isolation frequency of 27.8%. The density of V. parahaemolyticus in seawater ponds was positively related to water temperature (Pearson correlation coefficient, r = 0.555) and negatively related to salinity (r = −0.333). The density of V. cholerae in all six ponds was positively related to water temperature (r = 0.342) and negatively related to salinity (r = −0.432). Two putatively pathogenic tdh+ V. parahaemolyticus isolates (1.4% of the samples) and no ctx+ V. cholerae isolates were identified. The experimental results may facilitate assessments of the risk posed by these pathogenic Vibrio species in Taiwan, where aquaculture provides a large part of the seafood supply.

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Sensitivity of Vibrio Species in Phosphate-Buffered Saline and in Oysters to High-Pressure Processing

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-66.12.2276 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 66 (12) ◽

pp. 2276-2282 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

DAVID W. COOK

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

Vibrio Vulnificus ◽

High Pressure Processing ◽

Decimal Reduction Time ◽

Log Reduction ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Multiple Strains ◽

Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽

Vibrio Spp

Multiple strains of Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio cholerae non-O1 were tested in phosphate-buffered saline for their sensitivity to high-pressure processing (HPP). Variability in sensitivity among strains was observed for all species; this variability decreased at higher pressures. V. vulnificus was the species that was most sensitive to treatment at 200 MPa (decimal reduction time [D] = 26 s), and V. cholerae was the species that was most resistant to treatment at 200 MPa (D = 149 s). The O3:K6 serotype of V. parahaemolyticus was more resistant to pressure than other serotypes of V. parahaemolyticus were. The results of studies involving V. vulnificus naturally occurring in oysters revealed that a pressure treatment of 250 MPa for 120 s achieved a >5-log reduction in the levels of this bacterium. V. parahaemolyticus serotype O3:K6 in oysters required a pressure of 300 MPa for 180 s for a comparable 5-log reduction. When properly applied, HPP can be effective in improving the safety of shellfish with respect to Vibrio spp.

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