scholarly journals Ex Vivo Cultivation Of Primary Intestinal Cells From Eisenia Fetida As Basis For Ecotoxicological Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon A.B. Riedl ◽  
Matthias Voelkl ◽  
Anja Holzinger ◽  
Julia Jasinski ◽  
Valérie Jérôme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Short Time

Abstract The earthworm Eisenia fetida is a commonly used model organism for unspecific soil feeders in ecotoxicological studies. Its intestinal cells are the first to encounter possible pollutants co-ingested by the earthworm, which makes them prime candidates for studies of toxic effects of environmental pollutants on the cellular as compared to the organismic level. Here, cells are isolated directly from the intestine, maintaining > 90% viability during subsequent short-time cultivations (up to 144 h). Exposure to established toxins comprising silver nanoparticles and metal ions (Cu2+, Cd2+) induced a significant decrease in the metabolic activity of the cells. In presence of microplastic particles (MP particles), namely 0.2, 0.5, 2.0, and 3.0 µm diameter polystyrene (PS) beads as well as 0.5 and 2.0 µm diameter polylactic acid (PLA) beads, no active uptake and no effect on the metabolic activity of the cells was observed. This suggests a tissue rather than cell related basis for the previously observed ecotoxicological effects of MP in case of Eisenia fetida.

scholarly journals In vitro cultivation of primary intestinal cells from Eisenia fetida as basis for ecotoxicological studies

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon A. B. Riedl ◽  
Matthias Völkl ◽  
Anja Holzinger ◽  
Julia Jasinski ◽  
Valérie Jérôme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Size Dependent

AbstractThe earthworm Eisenia fetida is a commonly used model organism for unspecific soil feeders in ecotoxicological studies. Its intestinal cells are the first to encounter possible pollutants co-ingested by the earthworm, which makes them prime candidates for studies of toxic effects of environmental pollutants on the cellular as compared to the organismic level. In this context, the aim of this study was to demonstrate the suitability of preparations of primary intestinal E. fetida cells for in vitro ecotoxicological studies. For this purpose, a suitable isolation and cultivation protocol was established. Cells were isolated directly from the intestine, maintaining >85% viability during subsequent cultivations (up to 144 h). Exposure to established pollutants and soil elutriates comprising silver nanoparticles and metal ions (Cu2+, Cd2+) induced a significant decrease in the metabolic activity of the cells. In case of microplastic particles (MP particles), namely 0.2, 0.5, 2.0, and 3.0 µm diameter polystyrene (PS) beads as well as 0.5 and 2.0 µm diameter polylactic acid (PLA) beads, no active uptake was observed. Slight positive as well as negative dose and size dependent effects on the metabolism were seen, which to some extent might correlate with effects on the organismic level.

scholarly journals Influence of Acetylcholine Esterase Inhibitors and Memantine, Clinically Approved for Alzheimer’s Dementia Treatment, on Intestinal Properties of the Mouse

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1015
Author(s):  
Vu Thu Thuy Nguyen ◽  
Jason Sallbach ◽  
Malena dos Santos Guilherme ◽  
Kristina Endres
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Nmda Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Acetylcholine Esterase ◽  
Enteric Neurons ◽  
Acetylcholine Esterase Inhibitors ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Esterase Inhibitors ◽  
Intestinal Functions

Four drugs are currently approved for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by the FDA. Three of these drugs—donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine—belong to the class of acetylcholine esterase inhibitors. Memantine, a NMDA receptor antagonist, represents the fourth and a combination of donepezil and memantine the fifth treatment option. Recently, the gut and its habitants, its microbiome, came into focus of AD research and added another important factor to therapeutic considerations. While the first data provide evidence that AD patients might carry an altered microbiome, the influence of administered drugs on gut properties and commensals have been largely ignored so far. However, the occurrence of digestive side effects with these drugs and the knowledge that cholinergic transmission is crucial for several gut functions enforces the question if, and how, this medication influences the gastrointestinal system and its microbial stocking. Here, we investigated aspects such as microbial viability, colonic propulsion, and properties of enteric neurons, affected by assumed intestinal concentration of the four drugs using the mouse as a model organism. All ex vivo administered drugs revealed no direct effect on fecal bacteria viability and only a high dosage of memantine resulted in reduced biofilm formation of E. coli. Memantine was additionally the only compound that elevated calcium influx in enteric neurons, while all acetylcholine esterase inhibitors significantly reduced esterase activity in colonic tissue specimen and prolonged propulsion time. Both, acetylcholine esterase inhibitors and memantine, had no effect on general viability and neurite outgrowth of enteric neurons. In sum, our findings indicate that all AD symptomatic drugs have the potential to affect distinct intestinal functions and with this—directly or indirectly—microbial commensals.

scholarly journals Use of design of experiments to optimize the production of microbial probiotic biofilms

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Speranza ◽  
Arcangelo Liso ◽  
Maria Rosaria Corbo
Keyword(s):  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Maximum Cell ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Control Samples

Here, we describe the production of a probiotic biofilm through three intermediate steps: (1) measurement of the adhesion capacity of 15 probiotic strains to evaluate their tendency to form biofilm on different surfaces (stainless steel, glass, and polycarbonate); (2) evaluation of the effects of pH, temperature, cellular growth phase, agitation, and presence of surfactants on probiotic biofilm formation (BF) through the Design of Experiments (DoE) approach; (3) study of the effects of pH, temperature and surfactants concentration on probiotic BF using the Central Composite Design. Finally, we show that biofilms pre-formed by selected probiotics can delay the growth of pathogens, such asListeria monocytogeneschosen as model organism. Among the tested strains,Bifidobacterium infantisDSM20088 andLactobacillus reuteriDSM20016 were found to be as the probiotics able to ensure the greatest adhesion (over 6 Log CFU cm2) to the surfaces tested in a very short time (<24 h). Cellular growth phase and agitation of the medium were factors not affecting BF, pH exerted a very bland effect and a greater tendency to adhesion was observed when the temperature was about 30 °C. The results obtained in the last experimental phase suggest that our probiotic biofilms can be used as an efficient mean to delay the growth ofL. monocytogenes: the λ phase length, in fact, was longer in samples containing probiotic biofilms (0.30–1.02 h) against 0.08 h observed in the control samples. A reduction of the maximum cell load was also observed (6.99–7.06 Log CFU mL−1against about 8 Log CFU mL−1observed in the control samples).

scholarly journals Cadmium toxicity in plants

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
María P. Benavides ◽  
Susana M. Gallego ◽  
María L. Tomaro
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Potential Damage

Heavy metals are important environmental pollutants and their toxicity is a problem of increasing significance for ecological, evolutionary, nutritional, and environmental reasons. Plants posses homeostatic cellular mechanisms to regulate the concentration of metal ions inside the cell to minimize the potential damage that could result from the exposure to nonessential metal ions. This paper summarizes present knowledge in the field of higher plant responses to cadmium, an important environmental pollutant. Knowledge concerning metal toxicity, including mechanisms of cadmium homeostasis, uptake, transport and accumulation are evaluated. The role of the cell wall, the plasma membrane and the mycorrhizas, as the main barriers against cadmium entrance to the cell, as well as some aspects related to phytochelatin-based sequestration and compartmentalization processes are also reviewed. Cadmium-induced oxidative stress was also considered as one of the most studied topics of cadmium toxicity.

scholarly journals Deciphering the microRNA transcriptome of skeletal muscle during porcine development

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaomiao Mai ◽  
Long Jin ◽  
Shilin Tian ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Wenyao Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Development ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Porcine Muscle ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Series Expression ◽  
Pig Muscle ◽  
Short Time

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in many important biological processes, such as growth and development in mammals. Various studies of porcine muscle development have mainly focused on identifying miRNAs that are important for fetal and adult muscle development; however, little is known about the role of miRNAs in middle-aged muscle development. Here, we present a comprehensive investigation of miRNA transcriptomes across five porcine muscle development stages, including one prenatal and four postnatal stages. We identified 404 known porcine miRNAs, 118 novel miRNAs, and 101 miRNAs that are conserved in other mammals. A set of universally abundant miRNAs was found across the distinct muscle development stages. This set of miRNAs may play important housekeeping roles that are involved in myogenesis. A short time-series expression miner analysis indicated significant variations in miRNA expression across distinct muscle development stages. We also found enhanced differentiation- and morphogenesis-related miRNA levels in the embryonic stage; conversely, apoptosis-related miRNA levels increased relatively later in muscle development. These results provide integral insight into miRNA function throughout pig muscle development stages. Our findings will promote further development of the pig as a model organism for human age-related muscle disease research.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document