The magnitude and associated Factors of Postoperative Trichiasis among adults who underwent Trachomatous Trichiasis Surgery in Ambassel District, North-East Ethiopia

Abstract Background In Trachoma endemic countries, many people who underwent Trichiasis surgery faced a recurrence of the disease. Postoperative Trichiasis is a significant problem for patients and health care providers because it puts the eye at renewed risk of sight loss. Despite the low utilization of Trachomatous Trichiasis (TT) surgery and high recurrence rate, evidences that elucidate why TT recurs after surgery are limited. This study was aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of postoperative Trichiasis among 18 years and above individuals who underwent Trachomatous Trichiasis surgery between 2006 and 2011 Ethiopian Fiscal year in Ambassel District, North-East Ethiopia, 2020. Methods The community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from March 10 to March 23/2020 in selected kebeles of Ambassel District. The required sample size was calculated using EPI-INFO Version 7. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to employ a total of 506 individuals. Data were collected through the interviewer-administered structured pre-tested questionnaire and entered into EpiData version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 23.0. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to identify associated factors of Trachomatous Trichiasis recurrence. Results Four hundred ninety two individuals participated in this study with response rate of 97.2%. In Ambassel district the prevalence of postoperative Trichiasis was 23.8% (95%CI = 19.9–27.8). Among associated factors of postoperative Trichiasis age 50–59 AOR = 3.34 (CI = 1.38–8.1), 60–69 AOR = 3.24(CI = 1.38–7.61), ≥ 70 years AOR = 6.04 (CI = 2.23–16.41), duration since surgery AOR = 1.7(CI = 1.35–2.14), complication AOR = 2.98(CI = 1.24–7.2), washing the face two times AOR = 0.25(CI = 0.13–0.47), washing the face three and more times AOR = 0.1(CI = 0.41 − 0.25), taking Azithromycin following surgery AOR = 0.19(CI = 0.09–0.41), pre-operative epilation history AOR = 2.11, (CI = 1.14, 3.9)and having a knowledge about TrachomaTtrichiasis AOR = 0.21(CI = 0.08–0.58) showed a statistical significant association. Conclusions The prevalence of postoperative Trichiasis in Ambassel District was higher than most Ethiopian studies. Age, frequency of face washing, medication following surgery, duration since the last surgery, knowledge about trachoma, pre-operative epilation history and complication after surgery were identified to be independent factors. To minimize postoperative Trichiasis stakeholders need to consider health education for patients, provision of Azithromycin after surgery and proper training for IECWs.

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Knowledge and Practice of Personal Hygiene and Sanitation: A Study in Selected Slums of Dhaka City

Delta Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/dmcj.v3i2.24425 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 68-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shayela Farah ◽

Mohoshina Karim ◽

Nasreen Akther ◽

Meherunnessa Begum ◽

Nadia Begum

Keyword(s):

Health Care Providers ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Urban Slum ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Dhaka City ◽

Care Providers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Slum Dwellers ◽

Knowledge And Practice

Background: : Slum dwellers are likely to be among the most deprived people in urban areas. Poor hygiene practices and inadequate sanitary conditions play major roles in the increased burden of communicable diseases within developing countries like ours.Objective: To assess the knowledge and practice about personal hygiene and environmental sanitation in selected slums of Dhaka city.Materials and method: This cross sectional study was conducted in purposively selected urban slum areas of Moghbazar slum, Bashabo slum and T&T slum of Dhaka city during February 2014 to April 2014. Convenient sampling technique was applied. Semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire was used and face to face interview was conducted. Total 475 subjects, irrespective of age and sex, were included in this study.Results: Out of 475 respondents, more than fifty percent slum dwellers resided in tin shaded room while 21.7% in kacha houses. Sixty six percent of the respondents used to drink water from tube-well and 24% used supplied water provided by the city corporation. The study revealed that near 59% of the respondents used sanitary latrine. About 67% slum dwellers regularly practiced hand washing before taking meal and 59.2% respondents used soap after defecation. About fifty percent respondents brushed their teeth regularly with tooth paste. Regarding personal cleanliness, 81% subjects took bath regularly while 78% washed clothes irregularly. A statistically significant relation was found between washing of hands before meal (p=0.001), washing of hands after defecation (p=0.02), tooth brushing (p=0.001), bathing (p=0.009), washing of cloths (p=0.001), use of footwear (p=0.63) with knowledge of personal hygiene of the slum dwellers.Conclusion: Continuous community hygiene education along with adequate access to water supply and sanitation improves hygiene behaviour and policy makers and health care providers should have definite strategy and implementation.Delta Med Col J. Jul 2015; 3(2): 68-73

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Nurses’ knowledge and practices related to pain assessment in critically ill patients in a selected private hospital in Bangladesh

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183957 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (10) ◽

pp. 4219 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sipra Mondol ◽

Faisal Muhammad ◽

A. B. M. Alauddin Chowdhury

Keyword(s):

Critically Ill ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Pain Assessment ◽

Subjective Experience ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Care Providers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Management Interventions ◽

The Mean ◽

Nurses Knowledge

Background: Most of the time pain is difficult to assess and manage because of being inherently a subjective experience influenced by multiple factors. The perception and tolerance of pain may vary because of different psychological and social influences of the patient. Therefore it is important for health care providers to assess the pain so that individualized management interventions can be provided. This study was aimed to assess the nurses’ knowledge and practices related to pain assessment in critically ill patients.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 200 registered nurses working at different ICU in Square Hospital. The study was conducted within April to August 2017. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was used. The data was collected using pre-tested self-administered semi-structured questionnaire and it was analysed using SPSS 22.0 version.Results: About 81% of the respondents were in the age group 22-32 years and the mean age of the respondents was 27.74±12.06 years. About 79.0% of the respondents were female and 59.5% of the respondents had diploma in nursing. The mean monthly income of the respondents’ was 19450.5 taka. The majority (59.5%) of the respondents had less than 2 years’ service experience. About 85.5% of the respondents said it is important to assess the pain and need for analgesia before, during, and after wound care.Conclusions: Our findings reported that the nurses were reasonably knowledgeable about the principles of pain assessment. More than four-fifths of the respondents had adequate knowledge about pain assessment.

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Health Problems of Elderly Patients attending Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh ◽

10.3329/jafmc.v13i1.41008 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 8-12

Author(s):

SM Humayun Kabir ◽

Md Ziaul Islam ◽

Masuda Begum ◽

Masud Ahmed ◽

Mohammad Mohsin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Elderly Patients ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Family Income ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Armed Forces ◽

The Elderly ◽

Health Problems ◽

Military Hospital ◽

Care Providers ◽

Cross Sectional

Introduction: Health problems of elderly are an emerging health burden throughout the world. Bangladesh is currently undergoing a demographic transition and the proportion of the population of 60 years and older is increasing rapidly. Health care providers and policymakers are highly concerned with this burning issue. Objective: To know the disease pattern among the elderly patients in Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from July 2015 to June 2016 among 152 elderly patients above 60 years of age admitted in Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka Cantonment. Data were collected by face-to-face interview with semi-structured questionnaire and checklist following purposive sampling technique. Analysis of data was done by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS, version 20.0). Results: Mean age of the elderly was 72.06±4.56 years with the range of 60-80 years and majority (90.8%) of the elderly was male. Out of total 152 elderly patients, by occupation majority (31.6%) were in the business group followed by 30.3% in the retired group and 9.2 % in the housewife group. Average monthly family income was BDT 17927.63±7360.75 with the range of BDT 6000-35000. With initial complaints elderly patients reported to doctors in private chamber (38.2%), private hospital (25.6%) and Govt hospital (5.9%). Among all of the elderly patients, majority (21.1%) had Diabetes Mellitus followed by Rheumatoid Arthritis (17.6%), Asthma (12.5%), Cataract (11.2%), ENT problem (6.6%), Malignancy (5.9%) and Benign Enlargement of Prostate 8(5.3%). Conclusion: The number of elderly people is expanding rapidly; it also presents multifaceted health problems and thus creates unique challenges for the national healthcareservices. Early identification of problem and ensuring the availability of health with economic and social support can have a control over the elderly health problems. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 8-12

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Knowledge of Surgical Informed Consent and Associated Factors among Patients Undergone Obstetric and Gynecologic Surgery at Jimma Medical Center, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2020. An Institutional Based Cross-Sectional Study.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-607203/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Belete Fenta Kebede ◽

Tsegaw Biazin Tesfaye ◽

Aynalem Yetwale Hiwot

Keyword(s):

Informed Consent ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Medical Center ◽

Educational Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Gynecologic Surgery ◽

Care Providers ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Introduction: The practice of informed consent before any surgical procedure should form the fundamental element that serves to protect both patient and surgeon from prosecution. Several factors can affect the process of surgical informed consent. Knowledge towards surgical informed consent is one important factor. It is worth mentioning that patients’ understanding of the information provided in the consent form is a prerequisite for obtaining valid informed consent, otherwise, it will be only symbolic. The study aimed to assess knowledge of surgical informed consent and associated factors among patients who undergone obstetric and gynecologic surgery at Jimma Medical Center, Jimma, Oromia Region, EthiopiaMethodology: Institutional based crossectional study was conducted among systematically selected women undergo obstetrics and gynecologic surgery in Jimmy medical center from April 1 to May 30, 2020. The collected data were coded, entered into Epi data version 3.1, and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Bivariate and multivariate regression was carried out to determine the association between an outcome variable and an independent variable. Tables, pie -charts, and texts were used to report the result.Results: This study revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 29.5 ±3.5 years and the majority of them (83.3%) were married. The respondents had significantly poor overall knowledge of surgical informed consent 77.2 %( 95%CI: 72.8-81.2).Patient educational status (AOR: 1.22 (95%CI: 1.1-2.47), satisfaction level (AOR: 1.823(95%CI: 1.061-3.134).and patient- provider relation-ship (AOR: 0.472(95%CI: 0.271-0.822) were associated with knowledge of surgical informed consent.Conclusion: in this study, the overall level of knowledge regarding surgical informed consent was significantly poor than the other national and international figures. Patient Education, satisfaction, and patient-provider relation-ship were associated with knowledge of surgical informed consent. Health care providers should provide adequate information before surgery to improve patients’ knowledge regarding surgical informed consent and provide adequate input on ways to improve the consent process to make it better suited to fit the needs of all patients.

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Person-Centered Maternity Care During Childbirth and Associated Factors at Selected Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021: A Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-915705/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Azezew Ambachew Tarekegne ◽

Berhanu Wordofa Giru ◽

Bazie Mekonnen

Keyword(s):

Health Care Providers ◽

Maternity Care ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Care Providers ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Person-centered maternity care is respectful and responsive care to individual women’s preferences, needs, and values and ensuring that their values guide all clinical decisions during childbirth. It is recognized as a key dimension of the quality of maternity care that increases client satisfaction and institutional delivery. However, little research has been conducted about person-centered maternity care in Ethiopia. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the status of person-centered maternity care and associated factors among mothers who gave birth at selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021.Method: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted at selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa city. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from post-natal mothers selected by systematic random sampling. The data was coded and entered using Epi-data version 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Bivariate and multivariable linear regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with person-centered maternity care. The strength of association between independent and dependent variables was reported by using unstandardized β at 95% CI and p-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: In this study 384 mothers were participated with a response rate of 99.2%. The overall prevalence of person-centered maternity care was 65.8%. Respondents who had no ANC follow-up (β= -5.39, 95% CI: -10.52, -0.26), <4 ANC follow up (β= -3.99, 95% CI: -6.63, -1.36), night time delivery (β= -3.95, 95% CI: -5.91, -1.98) and complications during delivery (β= -3.18, 95% CI: -6.01, -0.35) were factors significantly associated with person-centered maternity care.Conclusion and Recommendations: The finding of this study showed that the proportion of person-centered maternity care among mothers who gave birth in public hospitals of Addis Ababa was high as compared to previous studies. The factors affecting person-centered maternity care are manageable to interventions. Therefore, Health care providers need to provide person-centered maternity care for all mothers.

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Level of and associated factors for non-adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment among tuberculosis patients in Gamo Gofa zone, southern Ethiopia: cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09827-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dessalegn Ajema ◽

Tamiru Shibru ◽

Temesgen Endalew ◽

Selamawit Gebeyehu

Keyword(s):

Adverse Events ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Care Providers ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Her Family ◽

Tb Treatment ◽

Gamo Gofa

Abstract Background Non-adherence to anti-TB treatment is one of the crucial challenges in improving tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. The poor adherence to anti-TB treatment among patients with TB is a major problem in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the level of and associated factors for non-adherence to anti-TB therapy among patients with tuberculosis in the Gamo Gofa Zone. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at Gamo Gofa Zone from July 20 – August 30, 2017. A multi-stage sampling technique was used. The study included 289 patients who were on anti-TB treatment. Data were collected by trained data collectors using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire through interviews. A multiple logistic regression model was fitted using SPSS 23 to identify factors associated with non-adherence to anti-TB treatment at a 5% significance level. Results We found that 16.5% of the participants were non-adherent for anti-TB treatment. Failure to disclose one’s TB status to his or her family (AOR = 31.7; 95% CI: 9.1–111.1), having no information on the expected adverse events (AOR = 31.1; 95% CI: 7.5–128.3), past anti-TB treatment history (AOR = 5.3; 95% CI: 1.5–18.8) and a smoking cigarette (AOR = 11.7; 95% CI: 3.2–43.03) were found to be associated with a higher odds of being non-adherent to anti-TB treatment. Conclusions The level of non-adherence to anti-TB treatment among TB patients was high. Health care providers should counsel TB patients on the expected adverse events and measures to be taken when patients face the expected adverse events. They should also counsel their patients to disclose their TB status to his or her family and for ceasing cigarette smoking.

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Knowledge on Post Exposure Prophylaxis of HIV among Nurses in a Hospital of Pokhara

Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies ◽

10.3126/jjis.v7i1.23050 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 57-66

Author(s):

Manu Thapa ◽

Bishnu Gurung

Keyword(s):

Nursing Education ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Education Programme ◽

Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽

Care Providers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Post Exposure ◽

Exposure Prophylaxis

Health care providers are at risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection from occupational exposure, with nurses being the most vulnerable. Post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) of HIV is the only way to reduce risk of HIV after potential exposure. A study was conducted on Nurses Knowledge on PEP of HIV at Gandaki Medical College (GMC), Pokhara to find out the knowledge on PEP of HIV among nurses. Descriptive cross sectional research design was used for the study. Probability stratified systematic random sampling technique was used for sampling and self administered questionnaires was used for data collection with sample size of 90 nurses working in GMC. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 software programme and presented in terms of frequency distribution, percentage, mean and standard deviation. For inferential statistics, chi square test was used at 5% level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that mean age of the respondents was 24.57 with standard deviation 3.43. Out of 90 respondents majority (83.3%) of the respondents were PCL passed and 47.8% of the respondents had adequate knowledge regarding PEP of HIV. The study found no significant association between demographic variables and knowledge level. It can be concluded that the nurses need to improve their level of knowledge on PEP of HIV by participating in different training programs. Health institution should also conduct continue nursing education programme to improve and update knowledge among the employees.

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Tuberculosis Case Finding Practice: The Intention of Cadres

Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia ◽

10.7454/jki.v23i2.1050 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 128-135

Author(s):

Agnes Pude Lepuen ◽

Cicilia Nony Ayuningsih Bratajaya ◽

Sada Rasmada

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Case Finding ◽

Public Health Care ◽

Care Providers ◽

Chi Square ◽

Tuberculosis Case ◽

Cross Sectional

Tuberculosis (TB) is a difficult health problem to overcome. Active case finding is an important step in managing this infectious disease. However, the prevalence of TB case finding among cadres at the community level is low because of the stigma attached to TB, difficulty in geographical coverage, low public awareness, and social economic barriers. In addition, the empowerment and intention of cadres to perform community-based TB case finding are not optimal yet. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the intention of TB case finding among 162 public health cadres at one district. Convenient sampling technique was employed in this study. Relationship analyses were performed using Chi-Square test. Results suggested that three factors, namely, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control influenced the intention to practice TB case finding among cadres. Public health care providers must encourage cadres to practice active TB case finding and understand the benefits and burdens encountered by cadres during TB case finding. Abstrak Praktik Penemuan Kasus Tuberkulosis: Niat Kader. Tuberkulosis (TB) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan yang sulit diatasi. Penemuan kasus TB secara aktif merupakan langkah awal yang menjadi kunci keberhasilan dalam penanganan kasus TB, namun angka penemuan kasus TB masih rendah. Kader belum dapat melakukan pendeteksian dini kasus TB secara optimal. Selain itu sebagai penemu kasus TB di masyarakat, kader memiliki berbagai tantangan dalam upaya menemukan kasus TB, salah satunya adalah niat untuk menemukan kasus TB mengingat banyak stigma yang muncul terkait penyakit TB, keadaan geografi yang sulit dijangkau, rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat, dan kendala biaya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui intensi atau niat kader dalam menemukan kasus TB. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan melibatkan 162 kader kesehatan di sebuah kecamatan. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan convenient sampling. Analisa hubungan menggunakan uji statistik Chi Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ketiga faktor yaitu sikap, norma subjektif, dan kendali perilaku yang dirasakan memiliki hubungan dengan intensi dalam menemukan kasus TB. Maka dapat disimpulkan, dukungan tenaga kesehatan sangat penting dalam meningkatkan praktik penemuan kasus TB dan penting untuk memperhatikan manfaat dan tantangan yang ditemui oleh kader dalam menemukan kasus TB. Kata Kunci: kader kesehatan, kontrol kendali yang dirasakan, niat, norma subjektif, sikap, penemuan kasus Tuberkulosis

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SHARIA-BASED NURSING SERVICES AND PATIENT LOYALITY AT ISLAMIC HOSPITAL

Nurscope Jurnal Penelitian dan Pemikiran Ilmiah Keperawatan ◽

10.30659/nurscope.4.2.109-117 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 109

Author(s):

Dyah Wiji Puspita Sari ◽

Muhammad Abdurrouf ◽

Rismawati Rismawati

Keyword(s):

Health Services ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Good Health ◽

P Value ◽

Care Providers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nursing Services ◽

Patient Loyalty

Introduction: Sharia labeled hospitals have more responsibility in providing health services to patients. This challenge requires health care providers to compete by improving the quality of services so that patient loyalty is formed. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between sharia-based nursing services and patient loyalty in Semarang Hospital. Methodology: This research is a quantitative type with a cross sectional approach. Data collection using a questionnaire with the number of respondents 105 patients with total sampling technique. Results: the characteristics of respondents mostly consisted of age 36-45 (24.8%), last education elementary school 69 people (65.7%), length of stay that is 4 days a number of 35 people (33.3%), there is a relationship between services sharia-based nursing with patient loyalty at RSISA Semarang with pvalue 0.002 (p-value <0.05) with an R value (0.305). Discussion: This study can be used as a reference in improving good health services by implementing services in accordance with sharia principles so that patient loyalty is achieved.

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Knowledge and Attitude Towards Preconception Care and Associated Factors Among Health Care Providers in North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2020

10.21203/rs.3.rs-136347/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Teketay Debalkie Belay ◽

Mulunesh Alemayehu ◽

Nakachew Mekonen ◽

Tesfaye Birhane Tegegne

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Preconception Care ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Favorable Attitude ◽

Good Knowledge ◽

Care Providers ◽

Knowledge And Attitude ◽

North Wollo

Abstract Introduction: preconception care is provision of biomedical, behavioral, and social health interventions to reproductive age women and their partners before pregnancy to improve maternal and child health. Its package was developed in 2012. Preconception care not well studied in Ethiopia particularly in the study area. Objective: The aimed to assess the level of knowledge and attitude towards preconception care and associated factors among healthcare providers in North Wollo Zone, 2020. Methods: institution based cross sectional study on 536 health care providers was conducted. Multi stage sampling technique was used. Simple random sampling technique was employed to select the health institutions and study participants. Data were collected; structured, pre tested and self-administered questionnaire. Binary logistic regression used to compute descriptive statistics. P-value < 0.05%, OR with 95% CI used for presence and strength of significant association. Result: This study revealed that 49.1% and 44.2% of health care providers had good knowledge and favorable attitude towards preconception care, respectively. Variables; higher monthly salary [AOR 1.9: 95% CI: 1.1-3.2)], midwifery as profession [AOR: 2.1(95% CI: 1.1-3.7)], library in the institution [AOR: 2.6 (95% CI: 1.2-5.8)], ever heard about preconception care [AOR: 5.6 (95% CI: 3.0 - 10.4)] on knowledge and degree & above educational status [(AOR: 2.1 (95% CI: 1.4-3.1)], good knowledge [AOR: 2.3 (95% CI: 1.3-3.3)] and ever read guideline [AOR: 2.0 (95% CI: 1.2-3.3)] on favorable attitude of preconception care were significantly associated factors respectivelyConclusion and recommendation: nearly half of the participants had poor knowledge and unfavorable attitude on preconception care due to mentioned factors and can be averted by making the institutions to have library, health care providers should to read about preconception care.

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