scholarly journals Non-invasive monitoring of fiber fermentation in healthy volunteers by analyzing breath volatile metabolites: lessons from the FiberTAG intervention study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Neyrinck ◽  
Julie Rodriguez ◽  
Zhengxiao Zhang ◽  
Benjamin Seethaler ◽  
Florence Mailleux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Volatile Metabolites ◽  
Targeted Analysis ◽  
Selected Ion Flow Tube

Abstract Background: The fermentation of dietary fibers (DF) leads to the production of bioactive metabolites, the most volatile ones being excreted in the breath. The aim of this study was to analyze the profile of exhaled breath volatile metabolites (BVM) and gastro-intestinal symptoms in healthy volunteers after a single ingestion of maltodextrin (placebo) versus chitin-glucan (CG), an insoluble DF previously shown to be fermented into short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) by the human microbiota in vitro.Methods: 4.5 g maltodextrin (day 0) or 4.5 g CG (day 2) were added to a standardized breakfast in fasting healthy volunteers (n=15). BVM were measured using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) throughout the day, as well as gastrointestinal tolerance by using validated visual analogue scale. Faecal gut microbiota (Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing) and SCFA (gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection) were analyzed prior to intervention. Results: A single ingestion of 4.5 g CG did not induce significant gastrointestinal discomfort. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of breath highlighted that 13 MS-fragments (among 408 obtained from ionizations of breath) discriminate CG versus maltodextrin acute intake in the postprandial state. Targeted analysis revealed that CG increased exhaled butyrate, but also 5 other BVM – including the microbial metabolites 2,3-butanedione and 3-hydroxybutanone – with a peak observed 6h after CG intake. Correlation analyses spotlighted Mitsuokella as a potential genus responsible for the presence of butyric acid, triethylamine and 3-hydroxybutanone in the breath.Conclusion: Measuring BMV in the breath reveals the microbial signature of the fermentation of DF after a single ingestion. This standardized protocol allows to analyze the time-course of released bioactive metabolites that could be proposed as new biomarkers of DF fermentation, potentially linked to their biological properties.

scholarly journals Breath methane to hydrogen ratio as a surrogate marker of intestinal dysbiosis in head and neck cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuwan Dharmawardana ◽  
Thomas Goddard ◽  
Charmaine Woods ◽  
David I. Watson ◽  
Ross Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Tumour Stage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Selected Ion Flow Tube ◽  
Carbohydrate Fermentation ◽  
Breath Methane

Abstract Exhaled breath compounds can non-invasively detect head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Here we investigated exhaled compounds related to intestinal bacterial carbohydrate fermentation. Fasting breath samples were collected into 3 litre FlexFoil PLUS bags from patients awaiting a biopsy procedure for suspected HNSCC. Samples were analysed using a Syft selected ion flow-tube mass spectrometer and a Quintron BreathTracker. Two tailed non-parametric significance testing was conducted with corrections for multiple imputations. 74 patients were diagnosed (histological) with HNSCC and 61 patients were benign (controls). The methane to hydrogen ratio was significantly different between cancer and non-cancer controls (p = 0.0440). This ratio increased with tumour stage with a significant difference between T1 and T4 tumours (p = 0.0259). Hydrogen levels were significantly higher in controls who were smokers (p = 0.0129), with no smoking dependent methane changes. There were no differences in short chain fatty acids between groups. Exhaled compounds of intestinal carbohydrate fermentation can detect HNSCC patients. These findings suggest a modified carbohydrate fermentation profile in HNSCC patients that is tumour stage and smoking status dependent.

scholarly journals Production of Verbascoside, Isoverbascoside and Phenolic Acids in Callus, Suspension, and Bioreactor Cultures of Verbena officinalis and Biological Properties of Biomass Extracts

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 5609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Kubica ◽  
Agnieszka Szopa ◽  
Adam Kokotkiewicz ◽  
Natalizia Miceli ◽  
Maria Fernanda Taviano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Parent Plant ◽  
Stirred Tank Bioreactor ◽  
Bioreactor Cultures

Callus, suspension and bioreactor cultures of Verbena officinalis were established, and optimized for biomass growth and production of phenylpropanoid glycosides, phenolic acids, flavonoids and iridoids. All types of cultures were maintained on/in the Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with 1 mg/L BAP and 1 mg/L NAA. The inoculum sizes were optimized in callus and suspension cultures. Moreover, the growth of the culture in two different types of bioreactors—a balloon bioreactor (BB) and a stirred-tank bioreactor (STB) was tested. In methanolic extracts from biomass of all types of in vitro cultures the presence of the same metabolites—verbascoside, isoverbascoside, and six phenolic acids: protocatechuic, chlorogenic, vanillic, caffeic, ferulic and rosmarinic acids was confirmed and quantified by the HPLC-DAD method. In the extracts from lyophilized culture media, no metabolites were found. The main metabolites in biomass extracts were verbascoside and isoverbascoside. Their maximum amounts in g/100 g DW (dry weight) in the tested types of cultures were as follow: 7.25 and 0.61 (callus), 7.06 and 0.48 (suspension), 7.69 and 0.31 (BB), 9.18 and 0.34 (STB). The amounts of phenolic acids were many times lower, max. total content reached of 26.90, 50.72, 19.88, and 36.78 mg/100 g DW, respectively. The highest content of verbascoside and also a high content of isoverbascoside obtained in STB (stirred-tank bioreactor) were 5.3 and 7.8 times higher than in extracts from overground parts of the parent plant. In the extracts from parent plant two iridoids—verbenalin and hastatoside, were also abundant. All investigated biomass extracts and the extracts from parent plant showed the antiproliferative, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The strongest activities were documented for the cultures maintained in STB. We propose extracts from in vitro cultured biomass of vervain, especially from STB, as a rich source of bioactive metabolites with antiproliferative, antioxidant and antibacterial properties.

Comparison of High Purity Factor IX Concentrates and a Prothrombin Complex Concentrate in a Canine Model of Thrombogenicity

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (05) ◽  
pp. 609-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
I R MacGregor ◽  
J M Ferguson ◽  
L F McLaughlin ◽  
T Burnouf ◽  
C V Prowse
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Prothrombin Complex Concentrate ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Albumin Infusion

SummaryA non-stasis canine model of thrombogenicity has been used to evaluate batches of high purity factor IX concentrates from 4 manufacturers and a conventional prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC). Platelets, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, fibrin(ogen) degradation products and fibrinopeptide A (FPA) were monitored before and after infusion of concentrate. Changes in FPA were found to be the most sensitive and reproducible indicator of thrombogenicity after infusion of batches of the PCC at doses of between 60 and 180 IU/kg, with a dose related delayed increase in FPA occurring. Total FPA generated after 100-120 IU/kg of 3 batches of PCC over the 3 h time course was 9-12 times that generated after albumin infusion. In contrast the amounts of FPA generated after 200 IU/kg of the 4 high purity factor IX products were in all cases similar to albumin infusion. It was noted that some batches of high purity concentrates had short NAPTTs indicating that current in vitro tests for potential thrombogenicity may be misleading in predicting the effects of these concentrates in vivo.

The Effect of Heparin vs. Citrate on the Interaction of Platelets with Vascular Graft Materials

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (04) ◽  
pp. 842-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kandice Kottke-Marchant ◽  
James M Anderson ◽  
Albert Rabinovitch ◽  
Richard A Huskey ◽  
Roger Herzig
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Vascular Graft ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Platelet Reactivity ◽  
Polymer Surfaces ◽  
In Vitro Perfusion ◽  
Citrate Anticoagulation ◽  
Platelet Release

SummaryHeparin is known to affect platelet function in vitro, but little is known about the effect of heparin on the interaction of platelets with polymer surfaces in general, and vascular graft materials in particular. For this reason, the effect of heparin vs. citrate anticoagulation on the interaction of platelets with the vascular graft materials expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), Dacron Bionit (DB) and preclotted Dacron Bionit (DB/PC) was studied in a recirculating, in vitro perfusion system. Platelet activation, as shown by a decrease in platelet count, an increase in platelet release and a decrease in platelet aggregation, was observed for all vascular graft materials tested using heparin and was greater for Dacron and preclotted Dacron than for ePTFE. Significant differences between heparin and citrate anticoagulation were seen for platelet release, platelet aggregation and the relative ranking of material platelet-reactivity. However, the trends and time course of platelet activation were similar with both heparin and citrate for the materials tested.

Short-Chain Fatty Acids Prevent Diabetic Nephropathy In Vivo and In Vitro

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 92-OR ◽  
Author(s):  
WEI HUANG ◽  
YONG XU ◽  
YOUHUA XU ◽  
LUPING ZHOU ◽  
CHENLIN GAO
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document