scholarly journals Production of Verbascoside, Isoverbascoside and Phenolic Acids in Callus, Suspension, and Bioreactor Cultures of Verbena officinalis and Biological Properties of Biomass Extracts

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 5609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Kubica ◽  
Agnieszka Szopa ◽  
Adam Kokotkiewicz ◽  
Natalizia Miceli ◽  
Maria Fernanda Taviano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Parent Plant ◽  
Stirred Tank Bioreactor ◽  
Bioreactor Cultures

Callus, suspension and bioreactor cultures of Verbena officinalis were established, and optimized for biomass growth and production of phenylpropanoid glycosides, phenolic acids, flavonoids and iridoids. All types of cultures were maintained on/in the Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with 1 mg/L BAP and 1 mg/L NAA. The inoculum sizes were optimized in callus and suspension cultures. Moreover, the growth of the culture in two different types of bioreactors—a balloon bioreactor (BB) and a stirred-tank bioreactor (STB) was tested. In methanolic extracts from biomass of all types of in vitro cultures the presence of the same metabolites—verbascoside, isoverbascoside, and six phenolic acids: protocatechuic, chlorogenic, vanillic, caffeic, ferulic and rosmarinic acids was confirmed and quantified by the HPLC-DAD method. In the extracts from lyophilized culture media, no metabolites were found. The main metabolites in biomass extracts were verbascoside and isoverbascoside. Their maximum amounts in g/100 g DW (dry weight) in the tested types of cultures were as follow: 7.25 and 0.61 (callus), 7.06 and 0.48 (suspension), 7.69 and 0.31 (BB), 9.18 and 0.34 (STB). The amounts of phenolic acids were many times lower, max. total content reached of 26.90, 50.72, 19.88, and 36.78 mg/100 g DW, respectively. The highest content of verbascoside and also a high content of isoverbascoside obtained in STB (stirred-tank bioreactor) were 5.3 and 7.8 times higher than in extracts from overground parts of the parent plant. In the extracts from parent plant two iridoids—verbenalin and hastatoside, were also abundant. All investigated biomass extracts and the extracts from parent plant showed the antiproliferative, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The strongest activities were documented for the cultures maintained in STB. We propose extracts from in vitro cultured biomass of vervain, especially from STB, as a rich source of bioactive metabolites with antiproliferative, antioxidant and antibacterial properties.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization, Antibacterial Properties, and In Vitro Studies of Selenium and Strontium Co-Substituted Hydroxyapatite

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4246
Author(s):  
Muhammad Maqbool ◽  
Qaisar Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad Atiq Ur Atiq Ur Rehman ◽  
Mark Cresswell ◽  
Phil Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Charge Composition ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Human Osteosarcoma Cells

In this study, as a measure to enhance the antimicrobial activity of biomaterials, the selenium ions have been substituted into hydroxyapatite (HA) at different concentration levels. To balance the potential cytotoxic effects of selenite ions (SeO32−) in HA, strontium (Sr2+) was co-substituted at the same concentration. Selenium and strontium-substituted hydroxyapatites (Se-Sr-HA) at equal molar ratios of x Se/(Se + P) and x Sr/(Sr + Ca) at (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2) were synthesized via the wet precipitation route and sintered at 900 °C. The effect of the two-ion concentration on morphology, surface charge, composition, antibacterial ability, and cell viability were studied. X-ray diffraction verified the phase purity and confirmed the substitution of selenium and strontium ions. Acellular in vitro bioactivity tests revealed that Se-Sr-HA was highly bioactive compared to pure HA. Se-Sr-HA samples showed excellent antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus carnosus) bacterial strains. In vitro cell–material interaction, using human osteosarcoma cells MG-63 studied by WST-8 assay, showed that Se-HA has a cytotoxic effect; however, the co-substitution of strontium in Se-HA offsets the negative impact of selenium and enhanced the biological properties of HA. Hence, the prepared samples are a suitable choice for antibacterial coatings and bone filler applications.

Comparative Analysis of Metabolism of Medium-and Plasma Perfused Primary Pig Hepatocytes Cultured around a 3-D Membrane Network

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.K. Unger ◽  
G. Catapano ◽  
N.A. Horn ◽  
A. Schroers ◽  
J.C. Gerlach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Application ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Enzyme Release ◽  
Liver Support ◽  
Bioreactor Cultures ◽  
Catabolic State ◽  
Cell Nutrition

Culture media are frequently used in the evaluation of metabolical functions of hepatocytes in hybrid liver support systems (hLSS). However, media compositions differ substantially from those of plasma. Therefore, our study was designed to investigate whether current in vitro studies with medium are suitable to assess the metabolical competence of hLSS-cultures during clinical application as well as to explore whether the cell nutrition with medium provides a suitable modus operandi for stand by cultivation. Paired bioreactor cultures were perfused with either Williams’ Medium E (MPB) or human plasma (PPB). About 6x108 primary pig hepatocytes (>97% viability) were cultured in three laboratory scale bioreactors designed according to Gerlach's bioreactor-concept. Different perfusion protocols were initiated after a standardised period allowing for cell attachment and reorganisation in aggregates. Whereas patterns of enzyme release were similar in both protocols the metabolical behaviour was different between MPB (anabolic state) and PPB (catabolic state). Furthermore, compared to MPB the lidocaine-MEGX-tests for PPB demonstrated lower MEGX-concentrations and a different reaction pattern. We conclude that the nutrition of hepatocytes with medium during the stand by period itself might influence the cell function and subsequently the efficacy of the hLSS-treatment during clinical application. (Int J Artif Organs 2000; 23: 104–10)

scholarly journals Graphene Family Nanomaterials: Properties and Potential Applications in Dentistry

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyu Ge ◽  
Luming Yang ◽  
Fang Xiao ◽  
Yani Wu ◽  
Tingting Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Clinical Reality ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Potential Applications

Graphene family nanomaterials, with superior mechanical, chemical, and biological properties, have grabbed appreciable attention on the path of researches seeking new materials for future biomedical applications. Although potential applications of graphene had been highly reviewed in other fields of medicine, especially for their antibacterial properties and tissue regenerative capacities, in vivo and in vitro studies related to dentistry are very limited. Therefore, based on current knowledge and latest progress, this article aimed to present the recent achievements and provide a comprehensive literature review on potential applications of graphene that could be translated into clinical reality in dentistry.

scholarly journals Tannic Acid with Antiviral and Antibacterial Activity as A Promising Component of Biomaterials—A Minireview

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Simplex Virus

As a phenolic acid, tannic acid can be classified into a polyphenolic group. It has been widely studied in the biomedical field of science because it presents unique antiviral as well as antibacterial properties. Tannic acid has been reported to present the activity against Influeneza A virus, Papilloma viruses, noroviruses, Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as well as activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria innocua. Nowadays, compounds of natural origin constitute fundaments of material science, and the trend is called “from nature to nature”. Although biopolymers have found a broad range of applications in biomedical sciences, they do not present anti-microbial activity, and their physicochemical properties are rather poor. Biopolymers, however, may be modified with organic and inorganic additives which enhance their properties. Tannic acid, like phenolic acid, is classified into a polyphenolic group and can be isolated from natural sources, e.g., a pure compound or a component of a plant extract. Numerous studies have been carried out over the application of tannic acid as an additive to biopolymer materials due to its unique properties. On the one hand, it shows antimicrobial and antiviral activity, while on the other hand, it reveals promising biological properties, i.e., enhances the cell proliferation, tissue regeneration and wound healing processes. Tannic acid is added to different biopolymers, collagen and polysaccharides as chitosan, agarose and starch. Its activity has been proven by the determination of physicochemical properties, as well as the performance of in vitro and in vivo studies. This systematics review is a summary of current studies on tannic acid properties. It presents tannic acid as an excellent natural compound which can be used to eliminate pathogenic factors as well as a revision of current studies on tannic acid composed with biopolymers and active properties of the resulting complexes.

260 EVALUATION OF PORCINE IN VITRO PRODUCTION WITH THE ADDITION OF CHITOSAN TO CULTURE MEDIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. García ◽  
Y. Ducolomb ◽  
S. P. Miranda-Castro ◽  
J. F. De la Torre-Sánchez ◽  
S. Romo
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Porcine Oocyte ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Vitro Production ◽  
Positive Effect

Chitosan is a partially deacetylated polymer obtained from the alkaline deacetylation of chitin, which is a glucose-based unbranched polysaccharide widely distributed in nature as the main component of exoskeletons of crustaceans and insects. Chitosan has a variety of physicochemical and biological properties resulting in numerous applications. In addition to its lack of toxicity and allergenicity, its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity make it a very attractive substance for diverse applications as a biomaterial in pharmaceutical and medical fields. Chitosan stimulates cell growth and it has been used in fibroblast culture, increasing cell proliferation. For these reasons, it is important to evaluate if this polymer has a positive effect on embryo production. The aim of this study was to evaluate porcine oocyte maturation and embryo development, comparing the effect of supplementing different concentrations of chitosan to the maturation (MM) and development media (DM). Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were aspirated from ovarian follicles of slaughtered sows. The COC were matured in supplemented TCM-199 (MM) and incubated for 44 h. All incubations were performed at 38.5°C, with 5% CO2 in air and humidity at saturation. After maturation IVF was performed, frozen-thawed semen from the same boar was used and gametes were co-incubated in MTBM for 7 h. Then, putative zygotes were cultured in NCSU-23 (DM) for 144 h. The following experiments were performed: 1) addition of 0 (control), 35, 50, 100, and 150 ppm chitosan to the MM (n = 1353), 2) addition of 0, 50, 100, and 150 ppm chitosan to the DM (n = 739), 3) addition of 0, 50, 100, and 150 ppm of chitosan to the MM first and then the same concentrations to the DM (n = 702). When chitosan was added to the MM, the highest percentage of matured oocytes (metaphase II) was obtained in the 50 ppm treatment (87%, P < 0.05) when compared with the control, 100, and 150 ppm groups (78, 78, and 82%, respectively). Regarding the percentage of blastocysts, there were no differences when comparing the treatment and the control groups (ranging from 12 to 13%). After addition of chitosan to the putative zygotes in the DM, the percentage of morulae in the 150 ppm treatment was significantly increased with regard to the other groups (54 v. 46%, respectively, P < 0.05). When adding chitosan to both MM and DM, there was no effect on embryo development. It is concluded that the addition of chitosan to the MM at a concentration of 50 ppm significantly improved oocyte maturation and a concentration of 150 ppm in the DM increased the percentage of morulae. Chitosan had a positive effect on oocyte maturation and embryo development. These results justify further investigations to find out if chitosan can be useful as a supplement for chemically defined media.

scholarly journals Antibacterial pigment production by Serratia marcescens using different casein types obtained from milk

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Valentina Palacio-Castañeda ◽  
Alejandra Pérez-Hoyos ◽  
Daniel Carrascal-Correa ◽  
Victor Manuel Osorio-Echeverri
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Aeration Rate ◽  
Pigment Production ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Human Cancer Cell ◽  
Stirred Tank Bioreactor ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Yield Production

Prodigiosin,  a  pigment  produced  by Serratia  marcescensinhibits  the  growth  of  different  microorganisms  and  the  proliferation  of some human cancer cell lines. Prodigiosin is usually produced by fermentations of substrates such as starch and proteins, andpig-ment yield depends on the concentration of the carbon source, stirring speed of cultures, temperature and time of incubation,nitro-gen  sources,  and  pH  of  medium.  In  the  present  study,  pigment  production  was  assessed  using  two  types  of  casein  as  substrate; pigment yield was greater when casein precipitated with vinegar was used as substrate than when high purity casein was. The maxi-mum prodigiosin production was achieved with 10 g/L casein at pH 8.0. Additionally, supplementation of culture media with glu-cose was found to considerably decrease prodigiosin production and growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, which is directly related to pigment yield. Production in stirred-tank bioreactor at 0.75 vvm aeration was higher than that at 0.5 and 1.0 vvm. Sub-strate type, concentration and pH affected pigment production in Erlenmeyer flasks, whereas aeration rate influenced pigment pro-duction in a stirred-tank bioreactor.

scholarly journals Anethum graveolens L. In Vitro Cultures – a Potential Source of Bioactive Metabolites, Phenolic Acids and Furanocoumarins

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Szopa ◽  
Halina Ekiert
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Production Medium ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Free Phenolic Acids

Abstract In vitro cultures of Anethum graveolens (dill) were maintained on the Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) medium – three variants, and the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium – seven variants, which contained different amounts of plant growth regulators, cytokinin (BAP) and auxin (NAA) (from 0.1 mg l−1 to 3.0 mg l−1). Methanolic extracts from in vitro grown biomass were analyzed by HPLC for free phenolic acids and furanocoumarins. The total amounts of free phenolic acids on the LS medium variants were similar (35.23–38.65 mg 100 g−1 DW), but higher on the MS variants, ranging from about 66 mg 100 g−1 DW to 100 mg 100 g−1 DW. The main metabolites were: p-hydroxybenzoic acid (max. 24.41 mg 100 g−1 DW) on the LS−based media, and salicylic acid (max. 57.88 mg 100 g−1 DW) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (max. 36.27 mg 100 g−1 DW) on the MS−based media. The total amounts of furanocoumarins were lower, as they did not exceed 8.5 mg 100 g−1 DW on the LS media and 25 mg 100 g−1 DW on the MS media. The main compounds in this group were bergapten (max. 15.01 mg 100 g−1 DW) and marmesin (max. 8.12 mg 100 g−1 DW). The MS variant containing 0.5 mg l−1 BAP and 2.0 mg l−1 NAA was proposed as the best production medium for both groups of metabolites. The maximum total amounts of free phenolic acids obtained in the in vitro grown biomass were slightly higher than their amounts in the fruits of the mother plant analyzed for comparison (99.66 mg 100 g−1 DW and 93.34 mg 100 g−1 DW, respectively); the maximum total amounts of furanocoumarins were approximately 1.8 times higher than in the fruits (24.26 mg 100 g−1 DW and 13.67 mg 100 g−1 DW, respectively).

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of Biological Properties of Some 1, 3, 4-Oxadiazole Derivatives Against Streptococcus mutans and Their Interaction With Gbp-C by Molecular Docking

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Behin Omidi ◽  
Yasin SarveAhrabi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
High Concentrations

Background: The need to replace new drug structures for the treatment of resistant strains has become essential. Streptococcus mutans is one of the most important factors in causing tooth decay. Glucan binding protein-C (Gbp-C) is a crucial mobileular floor protein that is worried in biofilm formation, and 1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles are new antibacterial structures. Accordingly, this study focused on assessing in vitro and in silico activity of our previously synthesized compounds of 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole against S. mutans. Methods: To this end, our previously synthesized derivatives were re-synthesized and prepared, and then antibacterial susceptibility tests were used for inhibition zone, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) test values. The molecular docking method was also applied to confirm the effect of compounds in interaction with the Gbp-C of S. mutans. Results: All compounds showed different effects against the bacterial sample. Among these, the most effective ones were related to naphthalene (4d), fluorophenyl (4e), and dimethoxyphenyl (4h) derivatives against S. mutans, respectively. Other compounds also had antibacterial properties but to a lesser extent. In the molecular part, compounds 4d and 4h had the highest affinity to inhibit the GbpC-protein. compound 4d with amino acids ASP and GLN established 402 and 391 hydrogen bonds, respectively, and compound 4h with amino acids SER, GLU, THR, and TRP established 347, 360, 449, and 451 hydrogen bonds, respectively. Conclusions: In general, 1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles containing naphthalene and dimethoxy phenyl functional groups in high concentrations can be good alternatives to the existing drugs for eliminating caries-causing tooth mutants that have drug resistance. It seems that more inhibitory effects can be observed on clinical specimens by adding different purposeful groups and increasing the destructive power of oxadiazole-based compounds.

scholarly journals Transition from static culture to stirred tank bioreactor for the allogeneic production of therapeutic discogenic cell spheres

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Rodriguez-Granrose ◽  
Jeff Zurawski ◽  
Will Heaton ◽  
Terry Tandeski ◽  
Galina Dulatov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Stirred Tank Bioreactor ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Static Culture

Abstract Background Culturing cells as cell spheres results in a tissue-like environment that drives unique cell phenotypes, making it useful for generating cell populations intended for therapeutic use. Unfortunately, common methods that utilize static suspension culture have limited scalability, making commercialization of such cell therapies challenging. Our team is developing an allogeneic cell therapy for the treatment of lumbar disc degeneration comprised of discogenic cells, which are progenitor cells expanded from human nucleus pulposus cells that are grown in a sphere configuration. Methods We evaluate sphere production in Erlenmeyer, horizontal axis wheel, stirred tank bioreactor, and rocking bag format. We then explore the use of ramped agitation profiles and computational fluid dynamics to overcome obstacles related to cell settling and the undesired impact of mechanical forces on cell characteristics. Finally, we grow discogenic cells in stirred tank reactors (STRs) and test outcomes in vitro (potency via aggrecan production and identity) and in vivo (rabbit model of disc degeneration). Results Computation fluid dynamics were used to model hydrodynamic conditions in STR systems and develop statistically significant correlations to cell attributes including potency (measured by aggrecan production), cell doublings, cell settling, and sphere size. Subsequent model-based optimization and testing resulted in growth of cells with comparable attributes to the original static process, as measured using both in vitro and in vivo models. Maximum shear rate (1/s) was maintained between scales to demonstrate feasibility in a 50 L STR (200-fold scale-up). Conclusions Transition of discogenic cell production from static culture to a stirred-tank bioreactor enables cell sphere production in a scalable format. This work shows significant progress towards establishing a large-scale bioprocess methodology for this novel cell therapy that can be used for other, similar cell therapies.

NFLUENCE OF THE DEGREE OF CALCIUM SUBSTITUTION BY ARGENTUM IN TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE ON ITS BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES IN VITRO

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
V. E Khon ◽  
N. V Zagorodniy ◽  
V. S Komlev ◽  
I. V Fadeev ◽  
V. G Bulgakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Bacteriostatic Effect ◽  
Dependent Effect ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Dose Dependent Effect

Results of in vitro study of argentum containing tricalcium phosphate (TCPh-Ag) are presented. It is shown that biomaterial does not possess radical forming activity. Argentum containing forms of TCPh render bacteriostatic effect upon Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Escherichia coli. Dose-dependent effect of TCPh-Ag in relation to antibacterial and cytotoxic properties is demonstrated. It is determined that TCPh with rated substitution 0.5 is characterized by moderate cytotoxicity with preservation of antibacterial properties.

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