scholarly journals Continuous monitoring system for safe managements of CO2 storage and geothermal reservoirs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Tsuji ◽  
Tatsunori Ikeda ◽  
Ryosuke Matsuura ◽  
Kota Mukumoto ◽  
Hutapea Lawrens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Wide Frequency Range

Abstract We have developed a new continuous monitoring system based on small seismic sources and distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). The source system generates continuous waveforms with a wide frequency range. Because the signal timing is accurately controlled, stacking continuous waveforms enhances the signal-to-noise ratio, allowing the use of a small seismic source to monitor extensive areas (multi-reservoir). Our field experiments demonstrated that the monitoring signal was detected at a distance of ~80 km, and temporal variations of the monitoring signal (i.e., seismic velocity) were identified with >99.9% accuracy. Through the monitoring, we identified pore pressure variations due to geothermal operations and rains. When we used seafloor cable for DAS measurements, we identified the monitoring signals at >10 km far from the source in high-spatial resolution. This study demonstrates that multi-reservoir in an extensive area can be continuously monitored at a relatively low cost by combining our seismic source and DAS technology.

scholarly journals Continuous monitoring system for safe managements of CO2 storage and geothermal reservoirs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Tsuji ◽  
Tatsunori Ikeda ◽  
Ryosuke Matsuura ◽  
Kota Mukumoto ◽  
Fernando Lawrens Hutapea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Wide Frequency Range

AbstractWe have developed a new continuous monitoring system based on small seismic sources and distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). The source system generates continuous waveforms with a wide frequency range. Because the signal timing is accurately controlled, stacking the continuous waveforms enhances the signal-to-noise ratio, allowing the use of a small seismic source to monitor extensive areas (multi-reservoir). Our field experiments demonstrated that the monitoring signal was detected at a distance of ~ 80 km, and temporal variations of the monitoring signal (i.e., seismic velocity) were identified with an error of < 0.01%. Through the monitoring, we identified pore pressure variations due to geothermal operations and rains. When we used seafloor cable for DAS measurements, we identified the monitoring signals at > 10 km far from the source in high-spatial resolution. This study demonstrates that multi-reservoir in an extensive area can be continuously monitored at a relatively low cost by combining our seismic source and DAS.

Continuous source system and distributed acoustic sensing for reservoir to crust monitoring

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Tsuji ◽  
Tatsunori Ikeda ◽  
Koshun Yamaoka
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Seismic Signal ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Acoustic Sensing ◽  
Distributed Acoustic Sensing ◽  
Continuous Source

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;We have developed a permanent seismic monitoring system using a continuous seismic source and distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The active seismic source system continuously &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;generates waveforms &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;with wide frequency range. By stacking the continuous waveforms, our monitoring system improves signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic signal. Thus, less-energy vibration using&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt; s&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;mall-size source could be utilized for the exploration of deeper geological targets. Presently, we have deployed the small-size monitoring source system in the Kuju geothermal field in the northeast Kyushu Island, Japan. Although our monitoring source system is small and generates high frequency vibrations (10-20Hz), the signal propagated &gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;80 &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;km distance using two-month continuous source data. Our field experiments demonstrate that variation of seismic velocity of the crust could be identified with high accuracy (~0.01 %). &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To record the monitoring signal from continuous source system, we need to deploy seismometers. Deployment of many seismometers increase spatial resolution of the monitoring results. Recently, we have deployed the DAS system close to the continuous seismic source system. Using DAS, dense and long seismometer network can be realized, and we succeeded to identify the temporal variation of seismic velocity. By using both continuous source and DAS, we are able to monitor wide area with lower cost. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Our monitoring system could accurately monitor the larger-scale crust and smaller-scale reservoir in high temporal resolution.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals H2O Sense: a WSN-based monitoring system for fish tanks

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khushboo Qayyum ◽  
Idrees Zaman ◽  
Anna Förster
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Development Tools ◽  
The University ◽  
Fish Tanks ◽  
Open Source Development

Abstract In oceans, fish usually live in an environment that is best suited for their growth. When these fish are introduced into man-made environment, e.g. in mariculture and aquaculture set-ups, the physical parameters might stray from their ideal values, resulting in improper growth and undesired outcomes. Hence, to prevent these undesirable outcomes, continuous monitoring of the physical parameters of the water such as pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen is required. In this work, we present a system called H2O sense, which continuously monitors the physical parameters of the water in tanks and alerts the user in case the values deviate from ideal. We use only low-power, low-cost hardware and open-source development tools, which makes the system easily applicable to various settings. The deployment of our system in the Maritime Laboratory of the University of Namibia shows its efficacy. Furthermore, we evaluate in detail the performance of our system and discuss its applicability in similar challenged environments.

A high‐frequency sparker source for the borehole environment

Geophysics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 660-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Rechtien ◽  
K. L. Hambacker ◽  
R. F. Ballard
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Coaxial Cable ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Noise Ratio

For tomographic investigations of shallow subsurface features of limited lateral extent, a high‐frequency, low‐cost borehole seismic source would be highly desirable, particularly for investigators with limited budgets. We constructed a simple, arc‐discharge seismic source from off‐the‐shelf items. This source consists of a salt water filled bottle containing exposed conductors of a coaxial cable, across which 100 to 300 joules of electrical power were discharged. This source produced a seismic pulse with a dominant frequency in the neighborhood of 1.5 kHz and a half‐power bandwidth in excess of 1 kHz. Repeatability of seismic signatures in a variety of environmental settings was excellent. Sufficient power was generated to observe seismic signals with at least a 35 dB signal‐to‐noise ratio at horizontal borehole separations of 100 m. For a borehole separation of 33.2 m, signals with at least a 35 dB signal‐to‐noise ratio were observed at angular ranges in the vertical plane to 68 degrees. The hydrostatic head limit for this source was determined to be approximately 430 m.

Application of Low-Cost GPS Tools and Techniques for Landslide Monitoring: A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.E. Eyo ◽  
T. A. Musa ◽  
K. M. Omar ◽  
K. M. Idris ◽  
T. Bayrak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Landslide Monitoring ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Rtk Gps ◽  
Tools And Techniques

The main goal of our ongoing research is to design a low-cost continuous monitoring system for landslide investigation using the Reverse RTK (RRTK) technique. The main objectives of this paper are to review the existing Global Positioning System (GPS) tools and techniques used for landslide monitoring, and to propose a novel low-cost landslide monitoring technique using Reverse RTK GPS. A general overview of GPS application in landslide monitoring is presented, followed by a review of GPS deformation monitoring systems and some of the factors used for their categorization. Finally, the concept, principles and advantages of the proposed new landslide monitoring system are discussed.

Concentration of Impurities during Melting of Snow Made from Secondary Sewage Effluent

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Zapf-Gilje ◽  
S. O. Russell ◽  
D. S. Mavinic
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sewage Effluent ◽  
Potassium Chloride Solution ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Solution Field ◽  
Concentration Of Impurities

When snow is made from sewage effluent, the impurities become concentrated in the early melt leaving the later runoff relatively pure. This could provide a low cost method of separating nutrients from secondary sewage effluent. Laboratory experiments showed that the degree of concentration was largely independent of the number of melt freeze cycles or initial concentration of impurity in the snow. The first 20% of melt removed with it 65% of the phosphorus and 90% of the nitrogen from snow made from sewage effluent; and over 90% of potassium chloride from snow made from potassium chloride solution. Field experiments with a salt solution confirmed the laboratory results.

scholarly journals Efficient Estimation of CFO-Affected OFDM BER Floor in Small Cells with Resource-Limited IoT End-Points

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3747
Author(s):  
Adriana Lipovac ◽  
Vlatko Lipovac ◽  
Borivoj Modlic
Keyword(s):  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Carrier Frequency Offset ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Error Recovery ◽  
Efficient Estimation ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
End Points ◽  
Power Delay Profile

Contemporary wireless networks dramatically enhance data rates and latency to become a key enabler of massive communication among various low-cost devices of limited computational power, standardized by the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) downscaled derivations LTE-M or narrowband Internet of Things (NB IoT), in particular. Specifically, assessment of the physical-layer transmission performance is important for higher-layer protocols determining the extent of the potential error recovery escalation upwards the protocol stack. Thereby, it is needed that the end-points of low processing capacity most efficiently estimate the residual bit error rate (BER) solely determined by the main orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) impairment–carrier frequency offset (CFO), specifically in small cells, where the signal-to-noise ratio is large enough, as well as the OFDM symbol cyclic prefix, preventing inter-symbol interference. However, in contrast to earlier analytical models with computationally demanding estimation of BER from the phase deviation caused by CFO, in this paper, after identifying the optimal sample instant in a power delay profile, we abstract the CFO by equivalent time dispersion (i.e., by additional spreading of the power delay profile that would produce the same BER degradation as the CFO). The proposed BER estimation is verified by means of the industry-standard LTE software simulator.

scholarly journals COVIMOS: A Coastal Video Monitoring System

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
I Made Oka Widyantara ◽  
I Made Dwi Asana Putra ◽  
Ida Bagus Putu Adnyana
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Video Image ◽  
Video Monitoring ◽  
Reference Object ◽  
Self Organizing Map ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Ip Camera ◽  
Class Labels

This paper intends to explain the development of Coastal Video Monitoring System (CoViMoS) with the main characteristics including low-cost and easy implementation. CoViMoS characteristics have been realized using the device IP camera for video image acquisition, and development of software applications with the main features including detection of shoreline and it changes are automatically. This capability was based on segmentation and classification techniques based on data mining. Detection of shoreline is done by segmenting a video image of the beach, to get a cluster of objects, namely land, sea and sky, using Self Organizing Map (SOM) algorithms. The mechanism of classification is done using K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) algorithms to provide the class labels to objects that have been generated on the segmentation process. Furthermore, the classification of land used as a reference object in the detection of costline. Implementation CoViMoS system for monitoring systems in Cucukan Beach, Gianyar regency, have shown that the developed system is able to detect the shoreline and its changes automatically.

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